Basra Körfezi’nde Güvenlikleştirme ve Değişen Dinamikleri

Year 2023, Volume: 3 Issue: 2, 139 - 159, 30.06.2023

Esra Cavusoglu

Abstract

Basra Körfezi, önemli bir enerji merkezi ve uluslararası petrol akışı ve ticaret için bir geçiş noktası olarak çok stratejik bir öneme sahiptir, bu nedenle bölgenin güvenliği yalnızca bölgesel siyasette değil, küresel siyasette de çok önemli bir konudur. Ancak, bölgesel güvenlik haritası, bölgesel aktörler tarafından güvenlik çıkarları ve hedefleri esas alınarak değil, küresel güçler tarafından ve onların hegemonik çıkarları ve hedefleri doğrultusunda tasarlanmaktadır. İkinci Dünya Savaşı'nın sona ermesinden bu yana, Körfez ülkelerinin artan petrol ihraç kapasitelerine bağlı olarak artan önemine paralel olarak, bölgesel güvenliğin kontrolü, ABD liderliğindeki Batı hegemonyası için çok önemli hale geldi. ABD önderliğindeki Batı ittifakı, Basra Körfezi'nin güvenliğini mimarisini tasarlamak ve kontrol etmek için bölgesel jeopolitiğin farklı dönemlerinde bölgesel müttefiklerle işbirliği yaparak bölgede bir güvenlik sistemi kurdu. Bu makalenin ana argümanı, Körfez'in, bölgesel aktörler tarafından tanımlanan ontolojik güvenlik parametrelerinden ziyade, Körfez Devletlerinin askerileştirilmesi ve dış güçlerin siyasi amaçlarına dayalı askeri müdahalesi yoluyla sürekli güvenlikleştirme süreçlerine maruz kalmakta olduğudur. Son zamanlarda bölgesel jeopolitik dinamiklerde önemli değişimler yaşanmaktadır. Bu makale, Batı tasarımı bölgesel güvenlik mimarisine meydan okuyan bu değişiklikleri tanımlamayı ve bölgenin istikrarı lehine güvenlik dışılaştırma ve normalleşmeye yönelik potansiyel gelişmeleri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Basra Körfezi, Güvenlik, Güvenlikleştirme, Ortadoğu

The Securitization in the Persian Gulf and Its Changing Dynamics

Abstract

The Persian Gulf has very strategic importance as a significant energy hub and a transition point for international oil flow, and trade, therefore, regional security is a very significant matter not only in regional politics but also in global politics. However, the regional security map has not been designed by the regional actors and based on their security interests and objectives but rather by global powers and based on their hegemonic interests and objectives. Since the end of the Second World War, in parallel with the Gulf States’ increasing importance based on their increasing oil-exporting capacities, controlling regional security has become very important for the US-led Western hegemony. To control and design the security of the Persian Gulf, the US-led Western alliance established a security system in the region through cooperation with the regional allies in different periods of regional geopolitics. This article’s main argument is that the Gulf has been exposed to constant securitization processes through the militarization of the Gulf States and military involvement by outsider powers based on their political goals rather than ontological security parameters defined by the regional actors. Recently, there has been a significant change in dynamics of the regional geopolitics. This article aims to define these changes that challenge the Western-designed regional security architecture and to examine potential developments towards desecuritization and normalization in favor of the stability of the region.

Keywords

Persian Gulf, Security, Securitization, Middle East

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