Avrasya'da Bölgesel Entegrasyonlarda Hindistan'ın Rolü

Abstract

Hindistan, uluslararası ilişkilerde yükselen güçlerden biri ve gelecekteki bölgesel hegemon adayı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Ancak Hindistan bölgesel bir hegemon olarak hareket etme ve çatışmaların kol gezdiği bölgede istikrar yaratmak için bölge inşa etme çabalarına katılma konusunda isteksiz davranmaktadır. Üstelik Hindistan, Çin liderliğindeki Kuşak ve Yol Girişiminde (KYG) görüldüğü gibi belgeselcilik yaratmada proaktif olmaktan ziyade reaktif davranmaktadır. Hindistan'ın bölge inşasına dahil olma konusundaki tereddüdünü nasıl açıklayabiliriz? Hangi Uluslararası İlişkiler teorisi Hindistan'ın davranışını en iyi şekilde açıklıyor? Bu makalede Liberalizm ve Konstrüktivizmin Hindistan'ın davranışını açıklamaya uygun olduğu savunulmaktadır. Konstrüktivizm açısından bakıldığında, uzun sömürgecilik ve bağımsızlık mücadelesi ile şekillenen ve Soğuk Savaş döneminde Bağlantısızlık Hareketi'ni kuran Hint kimliği, Hindistan'ın sınırlarının ötesinde çok daha aktif bir rol almasını engellemektedir. Egemenliği konusunda aşırı hassas olan Hindistan, herhangi bir bölgesel kuruluşa bağlı kalmaya daha az isteklidir. Liberalizm açısından ise ithal-ikameci sanayinin yapısından kaynaklanan korumacı politikalar Hindistan'ın bölgeselcilik çabalarını engellemektedir. Ancak diğer bölgecilik süreçlerinin farkında olan Hindistan, Avrasya Bölgeciliği konusunda küçük adımlar atmaya başlamıştır.

Keywords

• Avrasya Bölgeselciliği
• Avrasya Ekonomik Birliği
• Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi
• Şanghay İşbirliği Örgütü
• Hindistan

Role Of India In Regional Integrations In Eurasia

Abstract

India is considered as one of the rising powers in international relations and a candidate for future regional hegemon. However, India has been unwilling to act as a regional hegemon and engage in region-building to create stability in the conflict-ridden region. Moreover, India has been reactive rather than proactive in creating regionalism as in seen in Chinese led Belt and Road initiative (BRI). How do we explain the puzzle of India’s hesitance of involving region-building? Which International Relations theory best explain the behavior of India? I argue that liberalism and constructivism fit to explain the behavior of India. In terms of constructivism, Indian identity, shaped by long colonialism and struggle for independence and by establishing non-alignment movement during the cold war, prevents India to take much active role beyond its border. Over conscientious about its sovereignty, India is less willing to be bound by any regional organization. In terms of Liberalism, the protectionist policies caused by domestic structure of protective industry hinders India’s regionalism efforts. However, seeing other regionalism efforts around, India takes small steps in Eurasian regionalism.

Keywords

• Eurasian Regionalism
• Eurasian Economic Union
• Belt and Road Initiative
• Shanghai Cooperation Organization
• India

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