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Ortadoğu’da Az Çalışılmış Bir Konu Olarak Devrim

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 1 - 12, 31.12.2018

Abstract

2011 Arap Baharı, otoriteryenizmin sürekliliği ile
özdeşleştirilen Ortadoğu’da toplumsal hareketler ve devrimlere olan akademik
ilginin artmasına sebep oldu. Bu süreç farklı ülkelerde değişik sonuçlara yol
açmış olsa da özellikle Ortadoğu’da devrimlerin ve toplumsal hareketlerin
nedenleri, seyri ve sonuçları üzerinde çalışan yeni bir literatür ortaya çıktı.
Aslında bölgede meydana gelen toplumsal hareketler ve devrimler gerek Ortadoğu
çalışmaları literatüründe, gerekse toplumsal hareket çalışmaları literatüründe
uzunca bir süre ihmal edilmiş ve az çalışılmıştır. Bu makalede, ilgili
literatürde göz ardı edilmiş olmasına rağmen Ortadoğu’da çok sayıda toplumsal
hareketin ve devrimin olduğu belirtilmektedir ve Ortadoğu’da meydana gelen
devrimlerin genel bir değerlendirmesi yapılmaktadır. Bu arka planın ortaya
çıkarılmasından sonra ilgili literatürün Ortadoğu’da meydan gelen devrimlere ve
sosyal hareketlere karşı kayıtsızlığının nedenleri ortaya konulmaya çalışılmaktadır. 

References

  • Arjomand, S. Amir, “The Arab Revolution of 2011 and Its Counterrevolutions in Comparative Perspective”, Arjomand (ed.) The Arab Revolution of 2011, Albany, SUNY Press, 2015.
  • Arjomand, Said Amir (ed.), The Arab Revolution of 2011: A Comparative Perspective, Albany, SUNY Press, 2015.
  • Batatu, Hanna, “The Egyptian, Syrian and Iraqi Revolutions: Some Observations on Their Underlying Causes and Social Character”, Inaugural Lecture, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 25 January 1983.
  • Beinin, Joel and Frederic Vairel (eds.), Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East, Sandford, Sandford University Press, 2011.
  • Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins, Revolutionary Sudan: Hasan al-Turabi and the Islamist State, 1989-2000, Leiden, Brill, 2003. Camila Pastor de Maria y Campos, “Revolt and Revolution in the Middle East: 1830-2012”, Regions and Cohesion, vol.8, no.3, 2018.
  • Cohen, Ronen A., Upheavals in the Middle East: The Theory and Practice of A Revolution, Lanham, Lexington Books, 2014.
  • Cole, Juan, “Egypt’s Modern Revolutions and the Fall of Mubarak”, Gerges (ed.), The New Middle East: Protest and Revolution in the Arab World, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Çetinkaya, Y. Doğan (ed.), Ortadoğu: Direniş, Devrim, Emperyalizm, İstanbul, İletişim Yay., 2014.
  • Çetinkaya, Y. Doğan (ed.), Toplumsal Hareketler: Tarih, Teori, Deneyim, İstanbul, İletişim, 2014.
  • Foran, John, “Discourses and Social Forces: The Role of Culture and Cultural Studies in Understanding Revolutions”, J. Foran (ed.), Theorizing Revolutions, London, Routledge, 1997.
  • Foran, John, Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Gerges, Fawaz A. (ed.), The New Middle East: Protest and Revolution in the Arab World, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Goldstone, Jack A., “Bringing Regimes Back In: Explaining Success and Failure in the Middle East Revolts of 2011”, in S. Amir Arjomand (ed.) The Arab Revolution of 2011, Albany, SUNY Press, 2015.
  • Goldstone, Jack A., “Toward a Fourth Generation of Revolutionary Theory”, Annual Review of Political Science, vol.4, no.1, 2001.
  • Goodwin, Jeff and Theda Skocpol, “Explaining Revolutions in the Contemporary Third World”, Politics & Society, vol. 17, no. 4, 1989.
  • Göçer Akder, Derya, “Theories of Revolutions and Arab Uprisings: The Lessons from the Middle East”, Ortadoğu Etütleri, vol 4, no 2, 2013.
  • Halliday, Fred, Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen 1967-1987, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
  • Hatto, A.T., “The Semantics of ‘Revolution’”, P.J. Vatikiotis (ed.), Revolution in the Middle East and Other Case Studies, New Jersey, Rowman and Little Field, 1972.
  • Huntington, Samuel P., Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2004.
  • Kamrava, Mehran, “Revolution Revisited: the Structuralist-Voluntarist Debate”, Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 32, no 2, 1999.
  • Kansu, Aykut, The Revolution of 1908 in Turkey, Leiden, Brill, 1997.
  • Lewis, Bernard, “Islamic Concepts of Revolution”, Vatikiotis (ed.), Revolution in the Middle East and Other Case Studies, New Jersey, Rowman and Little Field, 1972.
  • Lewis, Bernard, “Islamic Revolution”, The New York Review of Books, vol. 34, no. 21-22, 1988, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1988/01/21/islamic-revolution/ .
  • Martin, Vanessa, Iran Between Islamic Nationalism and Secularism: The Constitutional Revolution of 1906, London, I.B. Tauris, 2013.
  • Milani, Mohsen E., The Making of Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic, 2n ed., Boulder, Westview Press, 1994;
  • Fred Halliday, The Iranian Revolution: Uneven Development and Religious Populism”, Journal of International Affairs, vol.36, no.2, 1982/83.
  • Skocpol, Theda, “Rentier State and Shi’a Islam in the Iranian Revolution,” Theory and Society, vol.11, no.3, 1982.
  • Skocpol, Theda, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1979.
  • Sohrabi, Nader, Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • Tilly, Charles, From Mobilization ro Revolution, New York, Random House, 1978.
  • Trimberger, Ellen K., “A Theory of Elite Revolutions,” Comparative International Development, vol.7, no.3 1972.
  • Yilmaz, Hakan, “The Kemalist Revolution and the Foundation of the One Party Regime”, in Prof. Dr. Ergun Özbudun’a Armağan –Cilt I, Siyaset Bilimi (Essays in Honor of Ergun Özbudun, Vol. I Political Science), ed. Serap Yazıcı, Kemal Gözler, Fuat Keyman, Ankara, Yetkin Yayınevi, 2008.
  • Trimberger, Ellen K., Revolution from Above: Military Bureacrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt and Peru, New Brunswick, Transaction Books, 1978.
  • Tripp, Charles, The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Vatikiotis, P.J. (ed.), Revolution in the Middle East and Other Case Studies, New Jersey, Rowman and Little Field, 1972.

Revolution as an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East

Year 2018, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 1 - 12, 31.12.2018

Abstract

The Arab Spring of 2011 has revived an academic interest in social
movements and revolutions in the Middle East, which was used to be associated
with the persistence of authoritarianism. Although the Arab Spring has come up
with different outcomes in various countries, currently, there is a burgeoning
literature that studies reasons, processes and outcomes of recent social
movements and revolutions particularly in the Middle East. In fact, the
subject of social movements and revolutions has been underestimated and
underexplored in the Middle East studies, or Social Movements studies for a
long time. This article argues that despite the negligence of the relevant
literature, history of the Middle East has witnessed numerous social
movements and revolutions. Then, it provides a historical overview of Middle
Eastern revolutions. Against this background, this paper attempts to analyze
potential reasons of the aloofness the literature towards social movements and
revolutions the Middle East. 

References

  • Arjomand, S. Amir, “The Arab Revolution of 2011 and Its Counterrevolutions in Comparative Perspective”, Arjomand (ed.) The Arab Revolution of 2011, Albany, SUNY Press, 2015.
  • Arjomand, Said Amir (ed.), The Arab Revolution of 2011: A Comparative Perspective, Albany, SUNY Press, 2015.
  • Batatu, Hanna, “The Egyptian, Syrian and Iraqi Revolutions: Some Observations on Their Underlying Causes and Social Character”, Inaugural Lecture, Center for Contemporary Arab Studies, Georgetown University, 25 January 1983.
  • Beinin, Joel and Frederic Vairel (eds.), Social Movements, Mobilization, and Contestation in the Middle East, Sandford, Sandford University Press, 2011.
  • Burr, J. Millard and Robert O. Collins, Revolutionary Sudan: Hasan al-Turabi and the Islamist State, 1989-2000, Leiden, Brill, 2003. Camila Pastor de Maria y Campos, “Revolt and Revolution in the Middle East: 1830-2012”, Regions and Cohesion, vol.8, no.3, 2018.
  • Cohen, Ronen A., Upheavals in the Middle East: The Theory and Practice of A Revolution, Lanham, Lexington Books, 2014.
  • Cole, Juan, “Egypt’s Modern Revolutions and the Fall of Mubarak”, Gerges (ed.), The New Middle East: Protest and Revolution in the Arab World, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Çetinkaya, Y. Doğan (ed.), Ortadoğu: Direniş, Devrim, Emperyalizm, İstanbul, İletişim Yay., 2014.
  • Çetinkaya, Y. Doğan (ed.), Toplumsal Hareketler: Tarih, Teori, Deneyim, İstanbul, İletişim, 2014.
  • Foran, John, “Discourses and Social Forces: The Role of Culture and Cultural Studies in Understanding Revolutions”, J. Foran (ed.), Theorizing Revolutions, London, Routledge, 1997.
  • Foran, John, Taking Power: On the Origins of Third World Revolutions, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Gerges, Fawaz A. (ed.), The New Middle East: Protest and Revolution in the Arab World, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2014.
  • Goldstone, Jack A., “Bringing Regimes Back In: Explaining Success and Failure in the Middle East Revolts of 2011”, in S. Amir Arjomand (ed.) The Arab Revolution of 2011, Albany, SUNY Press, 2015.
  • Goldstone, Jack A., “Toward a Fourth Generation of Revolutionary Theory”, Annual Review of Political Science, vol.4, no.1, 2001.
  • Goodwin, Jeff and Theda Skocpol, “Explaining Revolutions in the Contemporary Third World”, Politics & Society, vol. 17, no. 4, 1989.
  • Göçer Akder, Derya, “Theories of Revolutions and Arab Uprisings: The Lessons from the Middle East”, Ortadoğu Etütleri, vol 4, no 2, 2013.
  • Halliday, Fred, Revolution and Foreign Policy: The Case of South Yemen 1967-1987, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990.
  • Hatto, A.T., “The Semantics of ‘Revolution’”, P.J. Vatikiotis (ed.), Revolution in the Middle East and Other Case Studies, New Jersey, Rowman and Little Field, 1972.
  • Huntington, Samuel P., Political Order in Changing Societies, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2004.
  • Kamrava, Mehran, “Revolution Revisited: the Structuralist-Voluntarist Debate”, Canadian Journal of Political Science, vol. 32, no 2, 1999.
  • Kansu, Aykut, The Revolution of 1908 in Turkey, Leiden, Brill, 1997.
  • Lewis, Bernard, “Islamic Concepts of Revolution”, Vatikiotis (ed.), Revolution in the Middle East and Other Case Studies, New Jersey, Rowman and Little Field, 1972.
  • Lewis, Bernard, “Islamic Revolution”, The New York Review of Books, vol. 34, no. 21-22, 1988, http://www.nybooks.com/articles/1988/01/21/islamic-revolution/ .
  • Martin, Vanessa, Iran Between Islamic Nationalism and Secularism: The Constitutional Revolution of 1906, London, I.B. Tauris, 2013.
  • Milani, Mohsen E., The Making of Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic, 2n ed., Boulder, Westview Press, 1994;
  • Fred Halliday, The Iranian Revolution: Uneven Development and Religious Populism”, Journal of International Affairs, vol.36, no.2, 1982/83.
  • Skocpol, Theda, “Rentier State and Shi’a Islam in the Iranian Revolution,” Theory and Society, vol.11, no.3, 1982.
  • Skocpol, Theda, States and Social Revolutions: A Comparative Analysis of France, Russia and China, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1979.
  • Sohrabi, Nader, Revolution and Constitutionalism in the Ottoman Empire and Iran, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2011.
  • Tilly, Charles, From Mobilization ro Revolution, New York, Random House, 1978.
  • Trimberger, Ellen K., “A Theory of Elite Revolutions,” Comparative International Development, vol.7, no.3 1972.
  • Yilmaz, Hakan, “The Kemalist Revolution and the Foundation of the One Party Regime”, in Prof. Dr. Ergun Özbudun’a Armağan –Cilt I, Siyaset Bilimi (Essays in Honor of Ergun Özbudun, Vol. I Political Science), ed. Serap Yazıcı, Kemal Gözler, Fuat Keyman, Ankara, Yetkin Yayınevi, 2008.
  • Trimberger, Ellen K., Revolution from Above: Military Bureacrats and Development in Japan, Turkey, Egypt and Peru, New Brunswick, Transaction Books, 1978.
  • Tripp, Charles, The Power and the People: Paths of Resistance in the Middle East, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  • Vatikiotis, P.J. (ed.), Revolution in the Middle East and Other Case Studies, New Jersey, Rowman and Little Field, 1972.
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bayram Sinkaya

Publication Date December 31, 2018
Submission Date January 2, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Sinkaya, B. (2018). Revolution as an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, 2(2), 1-12.
AMA Sinkaya B. Revolution as an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. December 2018;2(2):1-12.
Chicago Sinkaya, Bayram. “Revolution As an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 2, no. 2 (December 2018): 1-12.
EndNote Sinkaya B (December 1, 2018) Revolution as an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 2 2 1–12.
IEEE B. Sinkaya, “Revolution as an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East”, Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 1–12, 2018.
ISNAD Sinkaya, Bayram. “Revolution As an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi 2/2 (December 2018), 1-12.
JAMA Sinkaya B. Revolution as an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. 2018;2:1–12.
MLA Sinkaya, Bayram. “Revolution As an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East”. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi, vol. 2, no. 2, 2018, pp. 1-12.
Vancouver Sinkaya B. Revolution as an Under-Explored Theme in the Middle East. Ulisa: Uluslararası Çalışmalar Dergisi. 2018;2(2):1-12.
Ulisa: Journal of International Studies is published by the ULİSA Institute.