Anglikan Siyaset Düşüncesinde Devlet Kavramına Farklı Yaklaşımlar: Bütüncül Devlet, Çoğulcu Devlet ve Sosyal Devlet Anlayışının Anglikan Yorumları

Year 2022, Volume: 6 Issue: 1, 66 - 78, 30.06.2022

Hacer Coskun

Abstract

Anglikan siyasi düşüncesi, kurulduğu günden beri, yaşanan siyasi ve toplumsal olayları yorumlayarak diğer Hıristiyan siyasi düşüncelerinden farklı anlayış geliştirmiştir. Siyaseten kurulmuş bir resmi kilise olarak, siyasi koşulları dini açıdan değerlendirmiş ve İngiliz siyasetçilerine sunmuştur. En büyük katkısı ise İngiliz siyasetini dini temelde yorumlayarak İngiliz politikalarının güçlenmesini sağlamak olmuştur. İngiliz Kraliyetinin resmi dini olan Anglikan Kilisesi tarih boyunca benimsediği ve öğrettiği devlet anlayışı ile İngiltere siyasi düşüncesinde yer almıştır. Reform sonrası kuruluş döneminde, Kraliyetin din için önemini ve gerekliliğini savunduğu bütüncül bir devlet yaklaşımı benimsemiştir. Ancak 17. yüzyıl sonrası yaşanan gelişmeler bütüncül anlayışı farklı kimliklerin de gözetildiği çoğulcu bir devlet tanımına bırakmıştır. Birinci ve İkinci Dünya Savaşları sonrası ise, yine yaşanan toplumsal olayların etkisiyle, devlete yol gösterici olacak bir sosyal devlet anlayışı Anglikan siyasi düşüncesinde yerini almıştır. Bu çalışmada, Anglikan siyasi düşüncesi tarihsel olaylarla şekillenen devlet kavramının farklı dönemlerde nasıl tanımlandığı ve bu değişimin nelerden etkilendiği hususları analiz edilmektedir.

Keywords

Bütüncül Devlet, Anglikan Kilisesi, Çoğulcu Devlet, Sosyal Devlet

Different Approaches to The Concept of The State in Anglican Political Thought: Anglican Interpretations of Monistic State, Pluralist State and Social State Concepts

Abstract

Anglican political thought has developed a different understanding from other Christian political thoughts by interpreting the political and social events since its inception. As a politically established official church, it evaluated the political conditions in terms of religion and presented it to British politicians. His greatest contribution was to strengthen British policies by interpreting British politics on a religious basis. The Anglican Church, which is the official religion of the British Crown, has taken place in British political thought with the understanding of the state it has adopted and taught throughout history. In the post-reform establishment period, it adopted a holistic state approach in which the Crown defended its importance and necessity for religion. However, the developments after the 17th century left the holistic understanding to a pluralist state definition in which different identities were also observed. After the First and Second World Wars, with the effect of social events, a social state understanding that would guide the state took its place in Anglican political thought. In this study, it is analyzed how the concept of the state, which is shaped by historical events in Anglican political thought, is defined in different periods and how this change is affected.

Keywords

Monistic State, Anglican Church, Monistic State, Social State, Pluralist State

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