Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri Arasında Arıcılıktaki Benzerliklerin ve Farklılıkların Analizi

Year 2024, , 209 - 222, 18.11.2024

Duran Güler

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1487445

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri arasında arıcılık açısından benzerlikleri ve farklılıkları belirlemek ve benzer ülkeleri sınıflandırmaktır. Çalışmanın ana materyalini Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri ve Türkiye'nin arıcı sayısı, üretilen bal miktarı ve dış ticaret dengesi değerleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye ile Avrupa Birliği ülkeleri arasında arıcılık konusundaki benzerlik ve farklılıkları ortaya koymak için çok boyutlu ölçekleme analizi ve kümeleme analizinden yararlanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları İspanya ve Romanya'nın en benzer ülkeler olduğunu, Türkiye ve Almanya'nın ise arıcılık açısından diğer Avrupa Birliği ülkelerinden belirgin şekilde farklı olduğunu göstermektedir. Türkiye'yi diğer ülkelerden ayıran temel özellik üretilen bal miktarıdır. Almanya'yı diğer ülkelerden ayıran temel özellikler ise arıcı sayısı ve yüksek ticaret açığı olmuştur. Türkiye'nin arıcılıkta Avrupa Birliği ülkeleriyle etkin bir şekilde rekabet edebilmesi için küçük, markalı ambalajlarda bal ihracatını teşvik eden politikalara öncelik vermesi gerekmektedir.

Keywords

Arıcılık, Çok Boyutlu Ölçekleme Analizi, Kümeleme Analizi, Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği Ülkeleri

ANALYSIS OF SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES IN BEEKEEPING BETWEEN TÜRKİYE AND EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES

Abstract

This study aims to determine the similarities and differences between Türkiye and European Union countries in terms of beekeeping and classify similar countries. The main materials of the study consist of the number of beekeepers, the amount of honey produced, and the trade balance values of European Union countries and Türkiye. In this study, multidimensional scaling analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to reveal the similarities and differences between Türkiye and European Union countries regarding beekeeping. The analysis results indicate that Spain and Romania are the most similar countries and Türkiye and Germany significantly differ from other European Union countries regarding beekeeping. Specifically, Türkiye was differentiated from other countries by its high honey production amount. The key characteristics that differentiated Germany from other countries were the number of beekeepers and a high trade deficit. In order to compete effectively with European Union countries in beekeeping, Türkiye should prioritize policies that encourage the export of honey in small, branded packaging.

Keywords

Beekeeping, Multidimensional Scaling Analysis, Cluster Analysis, Türkiye, European Union Countries

Ethical Statement

Ethical issue: Not applicable because this study does not involve animals or humans.

References

• Abdul-Malik A, Mohammed A. Technical efficiency of beekeeping farmers in Tolon-Kumbungu district of Northern Region of Ghana. Journal of Development and Agricultural Economics, 2012; 4(11):304-310. DOI: 10.5897/JDAE12.074.
• Aydın B, Aktürk D, Arsoy D. Economic and efficiency analysis of beekeeping activity in Turkey: Case of Çanakkale province. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 2020; 67(1):23-32. DOI: 10.33988/auvfd.571371
• Behçet L, Yapar Y. Important plants at the Matan Mountain (Bingöl/Turkey) flora with regard to beekeeping. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 2019; 12(1):149-159. DOI: 10.5505/biodicon.2019.13008.
• Blashfield RK, Aldenderfer MS. The literature on cluster analysis. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 1978; 13(3):271-295. DOI: 10.1207/s15327906mbr1303_2.
• Cabrera CG, Farfan RA, Bedascarrasbure EL, Palacio MA, Dini CB, Roble CL. Producing high quality honey in Argentinian sub tropic. 46th APIMONDIA - International Apicultural Congress, 8-12 September 2019, Québec, Canada.
• Çelik Ş. Classification of provinces in Turkey in terms of livestock using multidimensional scaling analysis. Erciyes University Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015; 31(4):159-167.
• Ceyhan V. Production efficiency of Turkish beekeepers and its determinants. Custos e @gronegócio online, 2017; 13(3):149-171.
• Dinler M. The comparative investigation of cluster analysis methods in livestock data. Bingöl University, Institute of Science, MSc thesis, Bingöl, 2014.
• EC. European Commission, Agriculture and Rural Development. https://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/eambrosia/geographical-indications-register, 2024, (Accessed: 03.08.2024).
• EC. European Commission, EU Beekeeping Sector: National Apiculture Programmes 2020-2022. https://agriculture.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2020-06/honey-apiculture-programmes-overview-2020-2022_0.pdf, 2023, (Accessed: 14.11.2023).
• Erilli NA. Usage of fuzzy data in fuzzy clustering analysis and classification of chess players. Ondokuz Mayıs University, Institute of Science, PhD thesis, Samsun, 2012.
• FAO. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAOSTAT. https://www.fao.org/faostat, 2023, (Accessed: 14.11.2023).
• Gevrekçi Y, Ataç FE, Takma Ç, Akbaş Y, Taşkın T. Classification of West Anatolian cities for sheep production. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 2011; 17(5):755-760. DOI: 10.9775/kvfd.2011.4352.
• Ghanshyam KC, Bhusal P, Kafle K. Production and management of honey bee in Dang District of Nepal. Food and Agri Economics Review (FAER), 2021; 1(2):101-106. DOI: 10.26480/faer.02.2021.101.106.
• Gonzalez-Mejia A, Styles D, Wilson P, Gibbons J. Metrics and methods for characterizing dairy farm intensification using farm survey data. PLoS ONE, 2018, 13(5):e0195286. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195286.
• Güler D. The determination of the efficiency of beekeeping by provinces in Turkey via data envelopment analysis. U. Arı D./U. Bee J., 2021; 21(2):146-156. DOI: 10.31467/uluaricilik.940167.
• Güler, D. Investigation of the sericulture in Turkey by multidimensional scaling and cluster analyses. KSÜ Tarım ve Doğa Derg, 2021; 24(1):212-220. DOI: 10.18016/ksutarimdoga.vi.723998.
• Güler D, Engindeniz S, Can Aydın B, Saner G. The Evaluation of beekeeping in Turkey by multidimensional scaling. 6th International Muğla Beekeeping & Pine Honey Congress, 15-19 October 2018, Muğla, Turkey.
• Güler D, Saner G. The Evaluation of geographical indication protections for food of animal origin in Turkey within the framework of geographical indication protections in European Union. Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2018; 11(1):50-55.
• Hair JF, Anderson RE, Tatham RL, Black WC. Multivariate data analysis. 5th ed., Prentice Hall, Inc, New Jersey, 1998.
• ITC. International Trade Centre, Trade Map. https://www.trademap.org, 2023, (Accessed: 14.11.2023).
• Johnson RA, Wichern DW. Applied multivariate statistical analysis. 6th ed., Prentice Hall, USA, 2007.
• Kaya U. Evaluation of the efficiency of beekeeping enterprises in Hatay province with data envelopment analysis. Ankara University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, PhD thesis, Ankara, 2020.
• Kruskal JB. Multidimensional scaling by optimizing goodness of fit to a nonmetric hypothesis. Psychometrica, 1964; 29(1):1-27. DOI: 10.1007/BF02289565.
• Makri P, Papanagiotou P, Papanagiotou E. Efficiency and economic analysis of Greek beekeeping farms. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 2015; 21(3):479-484.
• Onuç Z, Yanar A, Saner G, Güler D. An analysis on economical aspect of the beekeeping enterprise: A case of Kemalpaşa district-Izmir/Turkey. Ege Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Derg., 2019; 56(1):7-14. DOI: 10.20289/zfdergi.420370.
• Özdamar K. Paket programlar ile istatistiksel veri analizi 2 (Çok değişkenli analizler). Kaan Kitabevi Yayınları, Eskişehir, Türkiye, 1999.
• Ozturk I, Orhan H, Dogan Z. Comparison of principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling methods for clustering some honey bee genotypes. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 2009; 8(3):413-419.
• Şahin A, Atış E, Miran B. Identifying homogeneous locations for more efficient agricultural and environmental policies: The case of Aegean Region. Ekoloji, 2008; 17(67):15-23.
• Srivastava PP, Vijayan K, Awasthi AK, Kar PK, Thangavelu K, Saratchandra B. Genetic analysis of silkworms (Bombyx Mori) through RAPD markers. Indian Journal of Biotechnology, 2005; 4(3):389-395.
• Šuligoj M. Origins and development of apitherapy and apitourism. Journal of Apicultural Research, 2021; 60(3):369-374. DOI: 10.1080/00218839.2021.1874178.
• Tatlıdil H. Uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistiksel analiz. Ziraat Matbaacılık, Ankara, Türkiye, 2002.
• Topal E, Adamchuk L, Negri I, Kösoğlu M, Papa G, Dârjan MS, Cornea-Cipcigan M, Mărgăoan R. Traces of honeybees, api-tourism and beekeeping: From past to present. Sustainability, 2021; 13(21):11659. DOI: 10.3390/su132111659.
• Turgut Ö. Determination of agricultural stucture by multidimensional scaling and cluster analysis in Central Anatolia. Ahi Evran University, Institute of Science, MSc thesis, Kırşehir, 2016.
• Türkekul B, Günden C, Abay C, Miran B. The competitiveness of Turkish olive oil on the world market. Journal of Food, Agriculture & Environment, 2010; 8(2): 68-73.
• TURKSTAT. Turkish Statistical Institute, Livestock Statistics. https://data.tuik.gov.tr, 2023, (Accessed: 12.11.2023).
• Van Espen M, Williams JH, Alves F, Hung Y, de Graaf DC, Verbeke W. Beekeeping in Europe facing climate change: A mixed methods study on perceived impacts and the need to adapt according to stakeholders and beekeepers. Science of the Total Environment, 2023; 888:164255. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164255.
• VanEngelsdorp D, Meixner MD. A historical review of managed honey bee populations in Europe and the United States and the factors that may affect them. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 2010; 103:S80–S95. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.06.011.
• Yim O, Ramdeen KT. Hierarchical cluster analysis: Comparison of three linkage measures and application to psychological data. The Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 2015; 11(1):8-21. DOI: 10.20982/tqmp.11.1.p008.
• Yüksel İ. Examination of sheep data obtained from Southeastern Anatolia Region using multidimensional scaling analysis with cluster analysis methods. Harran University, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences, MSc thesis, Şanlıurfa, 2017.