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Türkiye Bal Arısı Populasyonlarında Ön Kanat Deformasyonları

Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 72 - 81, 30.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.372892

Abstract

Bal arıları, (Apis mellifera) hemen hemen tüm bireylerde aynı damar oluşumunun
genel bir modelini gösteren iki çift zararlı kanada sahiptir. Kanat
hücrelerinin şekilleri ile birlikte kanat damarı oluşumu, bal arısı taksonomisi
çalışmaları için morfometrik karakter olarak kullanılmıştır. Bununla birlikte,
bu genel damar yapısına ek olarak, bilinmeyen nedenlerle bazı bireylerde,
ekstra damar oluşumları, damar bağlantıları veya mevcut
damarlarda belirli bir parça kaybı görülebilir. Bu çalışmada amacımız,
Türkiye'nin farklı bölgelerindeki bal arısı populasyonlarının kanatlarında
düzensiz damar anomalilerini araştırmaktır. Çalışmada Türkiye'de 23 ilden
toplam 6681 işçi bal arısı kullanılmıştır. Anomalileri görselleştirmek için,
işçi arı bireylerinin sol kanatları üzerindeki damarlarda yapısal farklılıklar
fotoğraflanmıştır. Bal arısı örneklerinde, kanat damarlarında farklı tipte
oluşumlar gözlenmiştir; Yeni damar oluşumları bağlantı noktaları veya eksik
damarlar gibi. Toplam 13 farklı damar anomalisi tespit edilmiştir. En yaygın
iki oluşum, sırasıyla marjinal hücrenin dış kenarında (oluşum 2) ve 2rs-m
çapraz damarının dış yüzeyinin arka çeyreğinde (oluşum 1) meydana gelmiştir.
2rs-m çapraz damarının dış yüzeyinin arka çeyreğinde meydana gelen damar
(oluşum 1) en yüksek Karadeniz Bölgesi bal arısı populasyonlarında görülmüştür.
Ek olarak oluşan en yaygın damar (oluşum 2) ise Ege Bölgesi bal arısı
populasyonlarında en yüksek oranda kaydedilmiştir. Kanat damarlanmasındaki
diğer bozuklukların düşük oranda olduğu tespit edilmiştir. 

References

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  • Alpatov, W.W. 1929. Biometrical studies on variation and races of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 4 (1): 1-58.
  • Baehrman, R. 1963. Zur vorkommen von anomalien im fluegelaeder der honigbiene. Arch. f. Bienenkunde, 40: 49-58.
  • Bouga, M., Alaux, C., Bienkowska, M., Büchler, R., Carreck, N.L., Cauia, E., Chlebo, R., Dahle, B., Dall’Olio, R., De La Rúa, P., Gregorc, A., Ivanova, E., Kence, A., Kence, M., Kezic, N., Kiprijanovska, H., Kozmus, P., Kryger, P., Le Conte, Y., Lodesani, M., Murilhas, A.M., Siceanu, A., Soland, G., Aleksander Uzunov, A., Wilde, J. 2011. A review of methods for discrimination of honey bee populations as applied to European beekeeping.Journal of Apicultural Research, 50: 51-84.
  • Engel, M.S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History Number, 259: 1–19.
  • Francoy, T.M., Prado, P.P.R., Gonçalves, L.S., Costa, L.D., De Jong, D. 2006. Morphometric differences in a single wing cell can discriminate Apis mellifera racial types. Apidologie, 37(1): 91-97.
  • Francoy, T.M., Wittmann, D., Drauschke, M., Muler, S., Steinhage, V., Bezerra-Laure, M.A.F., De Jong, D., Gonçalves, L.S. 2008. Identification of Africanized honey bees through wing morphometrics: two fast and efficient procedures. Apidologie, 39(5): 488-494.
  • Goetze, G. 1959. Die Bedeutung des Fluegelgeaeders fuer die zuechterische Bedeutung der Honigbiene. Zeitschrift fuer Bienenforschung, 4: 141-148.
  • Goetze, G. 1964. Die Honigbiene in natuerlicher und kuenstlicher Zuchtauslese. Teil I und II, Paul Parey, Hamburg. Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A.T., and Ryan, P. D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 9pp.
  • Kandemir, I., Moradi, M.G., Özden B., Özkan, A. 2009. Wing geometry as a tool for studying the population structure of dwarf honey bees (Apis florea Fabricius 1876) in Iran. Journal of Apicultural Research, 48(4): 238-246.
  • Kandemir, I., Özkan, A., Fuchs, S. 2011. Reevaluation of honeybee (Apis mellifera) microtaxonomy: a geometric morphometric approach. Apidologie, 42(5): 618-627.
  • Kauhausen, D., Keller, R. 1994. Morphometrical control of pure race breeding in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Apidologie, 25: 133-143.
  • Mazeed, A.M.M. 2011. Anomalies and asymmetry of wing venation pattern in Carniolan and Egyptian bee populations in Egypt. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(1): 149-161.
  • Özkan Koca, A. 2012. Analysis of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) subspecies distributed in the Middle East by using geometric morphometric methods. PhD Thesis, Ankara University, January 2012, Ankara, Turkey. 166 pp.
  • Porporato, M., Laurino, D., Balzola, L., Manino, A. 2014. Wing venation teratology in Apis mellifera L., Redia, 97: 157-163.
  • Rattanawannee, A., Chanpen, C., Wongsiri, S. 2010. Gender and species identification of four native honey bees (Apidae: Apis) in Thailand based on wing morphometic analysis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103(6): 965-970.
  • Ruttner, F., Tassencourt, L., Louveaux, J. 1978. Biomertrical-statistical analysis of the geographic variability of Apis mellifera L. 1 Material and Methods, Apidologie, 9: 363-381.
  • Ruttner, F. 1988. Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer-Verlag, Heidlberg, Germany.
  • Smith, D.R., Crespi, B.J., Bookstein F.L. 1997. Fluctuating asymmetry in the honey bee, Apis mellifera: effects of ploidy and hybridization. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 10: 551-574:
  • Tan, K., Fuchs, S., Engel M.S. 2008. An adventitious distal abscissa in the forewing of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apis). Apidologie, 39: 674-682.
  • Tofilski, A. 2008. Using geometric morphometrics and standard morphometry to discriminate three honeybee subspecies. Apidologie, 39(5): 558-563.
  • Wegrzynowicz, P., Gerula, D., Panasiuk, B., Bienkowska, M., 2010. Anomalies in wings of Apis mellifera. http://www.inhort.pl/files/program_wieloletni/wykaz_publikacji/obszar6/Anomalia_krzydel_Anomalies_in_wings_of_Apis_mellifera.pdf.
Year 2017, Volume: 17 Issue: 2, 72 - 81, 30.11.2017
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.372892

Abstract

References

  • Akahira, Y., Sakagami, S.F. 1959. Observations on the variability of wing venation in the honeybees. Journal of the Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Series VI. Zoology, 14(2): 175-184.
  • Alpatov, W.W. 1929. Biometrical studies on variation and races of the honeybee Apis mellifera L. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 4 (1): 1-58.
  • Baehrman, R. 1963. Zur vorkommen von anomalien im fluegelaeder der honigbiene. Arch. f. Bienenkunde, 40: 49-58.
  • Bouga, M., Alaux, C., Bienkowska, M., Büchler, R., Carreck, N.L., Cauia, E., Chlebo, R., Dahle, B., Dall’Olio, R., De La Rúa, P., Gregorc, A., Ivanova, E., Kence, A., Kence, M., Kezic, N., Kiprijanovska, H., Kozmus, P., Kryger, P., Le Conte, Y., Lodesani, M., Murilhas, A.M., Siceanu, A., Soland, G., Aleksander Uzunov, A., Wilde, J. 2011. A review of methods for discrimination of honey bee populations as applied to European beekeeping.Journal of Apicultural Research, 50: 51-84.
  • Engel, M.S. 2001. A monograph of the Baltic amber bees and evolution of the Apoidea (Hymenoptera). Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History Number, 259: 1–19.
  • Francoy, T.M., Prado, P.P.R., Gonçalves, L.S., Costa, L.D., De Jong, D. 2006. Morphometric differences in a single wing cell can discriminate Apis mellifera racial types. Apidologie, 37(1): 91-97.
  • Francoy, T.M., Wittmann, D., Drauschke, M., Muler, S., Steinhage, V., Bezerra-Laure, M.A.F., De Jong, D., Gonçalves, L.S. 2008. Identification of Africanized honey bees through wing morphometrics: two fast and efficient procedures. Apidologie, 39(5): 488-494.
  • Goetze, G. 1959. Die Bedeutung des Fluegelgeaeders fuer die zuechterische Bedeutung der Honigbiene. Zeitschrift fuer Bienenforschung, 4: 141-148.
  • Goetze, G. 1964. Die Honigbiene in natuerlicher und kuenstlicher Zuchtauslese. Teil I und II, Paul Parey, Hamburg. Hammer, Ø., Harper, D.A.T., and Ryan, P. D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological Statistics Software Package for Education and Data Analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 9pp.
  • Kandemir, I., Moradi, M.G., Özden B., Özkan, A. 2009. Wing geometry as a tool for studying the population structure of dwarf honey bees (Apis florea Fabricius 1876) in Iran. Journal of Apicultural Research, 48(4): 238-246.
  • Kandemir, I., Özkan, A., Fuchs, S. 2011. Reevaluation of honeybee (Apis mellifera) microtaxonomy: a geometric morphometric approach. Apidologie, 42(5): 618-627.
  • Kauhausen, D., Keller, R. 1994. Morphometrical control of pure race breeding in the honeybee (Apis mellifera). Apidologie, 25: 133-143.
  • Mazeed, A.M.M. 2011. Anomalies and asymmetry of wing venation pattern in Carniolan and Egyptian bee populations in Egypt. Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences, 4(1): 149-161.
  • Özkan Koca, A. 2012. Analysis of Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) subspecies distributed in the Middle East by using geometric morphometric methods. PhD Thesis, Ankara University, January 2012, Ankara, Turkey. 166 pp.
  • Porporato, M., Laurino, D., Balzola, L., Manino, A. 2014. Wing venation teratology in Apis mellifera L., Redia, 97: 157-163.
  • Rattanawannee, A., Chanpen, C., Wongsiri, S. 2010. Gender and species identification of four native honey bees (Apidae: Apis) in Thailand based on wing morphometic analysis. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 103(6): 965-970.
  • Ruttner, F., Tassencourt, L., Louveaux, J. 1978. Biomertrical-statistical analysis of the geographic variability of Apis mellifera L. 1 Material and Methods, Apidologie, 9: 363-381.
  • Ruttner, F. 1988. Biogeography and taxonomy of honeybees. Springer-Verlag, Heidlberg, Germany.
  • Smith, D.R., Crespi, B.J., Bookstein F.L. 1997. Fluctuating asymmetry in the honey bee, Apis mellifera: effects of ploidy and hybridization. Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 10: 551-574:
  • Tan, K., Fuchs, S., Engel M.S. 2008. An adventitious distal abscissa in the forewing of honey bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Apis). Apidologie, 39: 674-682.
  • Tofilski, A. 2008. Using geometric morphometrics and standard morphometry to discriminate three honeybee subspecies. Apidologie, 39(5): 558-563.
  • Wegrzynowicz, P., Gerula, D., Panasiuk, B., Bienkowska, M., 2010. Anomalies in wings of Apis mellifera. http://www.inhort.pl/files/program_wieloletni/wykaz_publikacji/obszar6/Anomalia_krzydel_Anomalies_in_wings_of_Apis_mellifera.pdf.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İrfan Kandemir This is me

Publication Date November 30, 2017
Acceptance Date November 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 17 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Kandemir İ. Türkiye Bal Arısı Populasyonlarında Ön Kanat Deformasyonları. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2017;17(2):72-81.

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