Türkiye’de Varroa Destructor ile Doğal Enfeste Bal Arısı Kolonilerinde Apıvar®’ın (Amitraz) Etkisi

Year 2010, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 96 - 101, 25.08.2010

Levent Aydın A.Onur Girişgin

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Bursa yöresinde Varroa destructor ile doğal bulaşık olan balarısı kolonilerinde (polen tuzaklı kovanlarda) Apivar’ın (Amitraz) etkinliği araştırılmıştır. V.destructor ile doğal olarak bulaşık 40 koloni yirmişer koloniden oluşan 2 gruba ayrılmıştır. Birinci grup Apivar strip ile 6 hafta süre ile sonbaharda tedavi edilmiş, ikinci grup ise tedavisiz kontrol bırakılmıştır. Tedavi sonrası Apivar strip’in etkinlii istatistiki olarak Henderson-Tilton ve Yüzde Değişim Testleri ile karşılaştırılmalı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak Apivar grubunda polen çekmecelerine 42 günde toplam 8838 Varroa düşmüş ve bunların %57’si ilk 48 saatte tür. Kontrol grubunda ise polen çekmecelerine 42 günde toplam 1923 Varroa düşmüş ve bunların %13’ü ilk 48 saatte düşmüştür. Apivar’ın etkinliği ilk olarak Henderson–Tilton’un formülüyle, ikinci olarak tedaviden önce ve sonra arılar üzerindeki akarların ortalama yüzdesinin karşılaştırılması esasına dayanan yüzde değişim metoduyla tespit edilmiştir. Buna göre Apivar’ın etkisi sırasıyla %99.43 ve %99.36 bulunmuştur. İlaçtan kaynaklanan herhangi bir yan etki gözlenmemiştir

Keywords

Varroa destructor, Apis mellifera anatoliaca, Balarısı, Apivar, Amitraz

Efficacy of Apivar® (Amitraz) Against Varroa destructor Found on Naturally Infested Honeybee Colonies in Turkey

Abstract

Goal: This study was carried out to compare the efficacy of
Apivar (Amitraz) against Varroa destructor in naturally infested
honeybee colonies with bottom pollen trap hives in fall season.

Materials and Methods: Anatolian honey bee (Apis mellifera anatoliaca)
was used to perform the experiments. In October-November 2009, forty colonies
were divided into two groups (each group containing 20 colonies with pollen
traps) in Bursa province. Before and after treatments, about 200 bees from
outer frames were collected into jars containing cotton with diethyl ether to
determine the infestivity rate of Varroa (Shimanuki and Knox, 2000).
Aliquoted bees and mites were counted in petri dishes.

The pollen trap hives with
drawer (5 cm deep cov-ered with white paper) at the bottom were used with 3.5
mm screen to isolate falling Varroa mites from the bees. Varroa mites
were counted for each colo-ny and groups will be equalized for Varroa mite
level. Group one was treated with Apivar. The second group was kept as control.
Varroa mites were counted on day 0 (before treatment), 1, 5, 7, 14, 21,
28, 35 and 42 in pollen drawers.

Results and Conclusion: The efficacy of Apivar was detected from two formulas.
One of them is Henderson –Tilton‟s formula:

So efficacy of Apivar for
Henderson–Tilton Formula was:

n1= Mite count before treatment in control group

n2= Mite count after treatment in treatment group

n3= Mite count after treatment in control group

n4= Mite count befroe treatment in treatment group

Second Formula to detect
effectiveness of Apivar is percentage changing method which based on
differantiation of mean mite percentages on bees before and after treatment:

n5= Percentage of mites on bees before treatment

n6= Percentage of mites on bees after treatment So
efficacy of Apivar for percentage changing method was:

Importance between Apivar and
control group was determined via one way Anova analysis and data were presented
.There was a significant importance between Apivar and control groups according
to statistic at level of 0.05.

For Apivar
group, 8838 Varroa mites were found in pollen drawers in 42 days and 57%
of the fallen mites were dead in 48 hours .1923 Varroa mites were found
in control group in pollen drawers and 13% of the fallen mites were found dead
in pollen drawers. The efficacy of Apivar was determined by Henderson-Tilton
method (Tutkun ve Ġnci 1985) and Second Formula to detect effectiveness of
Apivar is percentage changing method which based on differantiation of mean
mite percentages on bees before and after treatment. Efficacy of Apivar
(Amitraz) were found 99.43 % and 99.36 % respectively. No side effects were
observed on bees for Apivar.

Keywords

Varroa destructor, Apis mellifera anatoliaca, Honeybee, Apivar, Amitraz

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