Determined Pesticides After Honey bee Deaths Between 2006 and 2010 in Turkey

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 4, 119 - 125, 30.11.2010

Hasan H. Ünal Hasan H. Oruç Alper Sezgin Erol Kabil

Öz

Goal: There are a lot of
factors for honey bee losses. The main sources of honey bee lose were honey bee
parasites (Varroa destructor, Acarapis woodi), pathogens (Nosema spp
and bee viruses), contaminated water, use of antibiotics, pesticides poisoning
from within-hive and environmental sources, nutritional stress and their
interactions (Bacandritsos et al., 2010). Pesticides widely use agricultural
activities in Turkey, and can be also use beekeeping. There is no Bee Poison
Control Centre or central unit to centralise and publish information on
poisoning, and there are limited published papers related to pesticides
poisoning in honey bee in Turkey. Therefore, the goal of the study was determine
of causative agents and discuss of suspected poisonings with pesticides in
Turkey.

Materials and Method:
The
bee poisoning incidents were seen in Istanbul, Tekirdag, Bilecik, Afyonkarahisar
and Samsun cities between 2006 and 2010. Pesticides analysis were made in death
honey bees, honeycombs, sunflower, some plants and leafs of some trees in 16
honey bee poisoning incidents. Analysis of pesticides was made in Pendik Veterinary
Control and Research Institute in Istanbul using gas chromatography (GC) with
MS,ECD, NPD and FID detectors, and liquid chromatography (LC) with MS detector
and LC-MSMS system for 110 pesticides. Different methods were used as
analytical method depending on chemical structure of pesticides describes by Albero
et al., 2004; Ferrer, 2005; Anon, 2007. Pesticides are determined as
qualitative.

Results and
Conclusion: From
insecticides (15), carbamat group including carbaryl (6); organophosphate group
(5), including diazinon (2), disulfoton (1), fenthion (1) and chlorpyrifos (1);
organochlorine group (2), including endosulfon (1) and endrin (1); pyrethroid
insecticides (2), including permethrine (1) and cypermethrine (1) were determined.
In addition, naftalene (6), diquat (1) and paraquat (1) from herbicides,
malachite gren  (1) from fungicides,
gibberellic acid from plant hormones and thymol (1) were also determined in  the samples. The results were shown in Table
1.Although insecticides is the most prevalent group, naftalene is also
prevalent in determined pesticides.However, the source of the pesticide in bee poisoning
incidents is often uncertain, case histories and determined pesticides of
incidents support to pesticides poisonings in honey bees.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Honey bee, pesticidespesticides, poisoning, Turkey

TÜRKĐYE’DE, 2006-2010 YILLARI ARASINDA, BAL ARILARINDA GÖRÜLEN ÖLÜMLER SONRASINDA TESPĐT EDĐLEN PESTĐSĐTLER

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Pendik Veteriner Kontrol ve Araştırma Enstitüsü, Farmakoloji-Toksikoloji Bölümü Laboratuarı’nda, 2006-2010 yılları arasında, şüpheli arı ölümleri sonucunda yapılan pestisit analiz sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi ve arıcıların bilgilendirilmesi amaçlandı. Başvurusu yapılan arı ölümleri İstanbul, Edirne, Kırklareli, Tekirdağ, Bilecik, Afyonkarahisar ve Samsun’da görülmüştür. 16 şüpheli zehirlenme olgusunda, arı, petek, ayçiçeği, ot ve ağaç yaprağı gibi materyallerde pestisit analizleri yapıldı. Analizler, Gaz Kromatografi (GC), ECD, NPD ve FID dedektörleri, Gaz Kromatografi- Kütle Spektrometre GC-MS; Likid Kromatoğrafi (LC) ve Likid Kromatoğrafi - Kütle Spektrometre (LC-MS) dedektörü ile LCMSMS cihazları kullanılarak kalitatif olarak yapıldı. Analizlerde 15 insektisit, 6 naftalen, 3 herbisit, 1 fungisit, 1 antiseptik/dezenfektan ve 1 adet büyüme hormonu tespit edildi. Sonuç olarak, arı yetiştiricilerinden alınan bilgiler ve laboratuar sonuçlarına göre, arılarda, peteklerde ve diğer numunelerde saptanan pestisitlerin, arıların ölümlerinde önemli rol oynayabileceği kanısına varıldı

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bal arısı, pestisitler, zehirlenme, Türkiye

Kaynakça

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