Cypermethrinin Galleria Mellonella L.(Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)’nın Puplaşma ve Ölüm Oranlarına Etkisi

Year 2009, Volume: 09 Issue: 3, 88 - 96, 28.08.2009

Olga Sak Fevzi Uçkan

Abstract

Ağırlığına göre iki gruba ayrılan Büyük Balmumu Güvesi, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) son evre larvalarına farklı dozlarda cypermethrin besin içinde verildi. Cypermethrinin G. mellonella’da puplaşma ve ölüm oranlarına etkisi 25±1 oC sıcaklık, %60±5 nispi nem ve 12:12 saat (A: K) fotoperiyot uygulanan laboratuar şartlarında incelendi. Cypermethrin aktif madde oranına göre saf su ile ppm düzeyinde seyreltilerek farklı konsantrasyonlarda çözeltiler hazırlandı ve bu çözeltiler petek, kepek, bal, gliserin ve su karışımından oluşan besin içindeki su yerine kullanıldı. Cypermethrinin Birinci Grup larvalar (0.12±0.02 gram) için 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, 4000 ppm ve İkinci Grup larvalar (0.17±0.02 gram) için 5, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, 1000 ppm değerleri uygulandı. Birinci ve İkinci Grup G. mellonella larvalarına insektisit uygulanması sonucu iki grup arasında puplaşma ve ölüm yüzdelerinde günlere göre büyük oranda benzerlik olduu belirlendi. Cypermethrinin dozu arttıkça larval gelişim ve puplaşma süresi gecikti, puplaşma yüzdesi azaldı ve ölüm oranı arttı. İnsektisitlerin zararlı türlerin doğada larva gelişimlerini uzatması en çok zarar verdikleri bu evrede daha fazla kalmalarına yol açarak ekonomik kaybı artıracaktır. Ayrıca konaklarının pup evresine geç ulaşması, pup parazitoitleri düşünüldüğünde populasyon yoğunlukları ve nesillerinin devamlılığı açısından büyük tehlike yaratacaktır

Keywords

Galleria mellonella, Cypermethrin, Puplaşma

Effects of Cypermethrin on the Pupation and Mortality of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

Abstract

Goal: Here, we aimed at showing how cypermethrin that is likely to be accumulated in the host larvae affects the pupation and mortality rates of Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Using pesticides in controlling pests have harmful effects on natural balance and cause environmental problems. For instance, frequent uses of pesticides have carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic effects on living organisms. Moreover, continuous or pulse exposure to pesticides may cause serious problems for non target organisms such as parasitoids. Predators and parasitoids are often more sensitive to toxicants than their prey. So, using other controlling methods has become obligate in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. Biological control has important advantages over other controlling methods. It is known that parasitoids are the most suitable, the least risky, and the most specific agents in controlling pests among others as biological control candidates. Assessment of the potential effects that insecticides have on the natural enemies in a hostparasitoid system is therefore an important part of IPM programs. Besides, it is also very important to evaluate the potential effects of insecticides on host species. Materials and Method: Cypermethrin (CYP) ((±) αcyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (±) cis, trans-3-(2,2-di chlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) is a non-systemic pyrethroid insecticide with contact and stomach action. It is widely used in the control of various agricultural pests. Various doses of cypermethrin included in diet were applied to greater wax moth, G. mellonella last instars separated into two groups according to their weight. The effects of cypermethrin on the pupation and mortality of G. mellonella were investigated at 25 ± 1 oC, 60 ± 5 % relative humidity and a photoperiod of 12:12 h (L: D). Host colony was maintained by feeding the insects with a diet and a piece of honeycomb was added for egg deposition and feeding of the newly hatched larvae. Cypermethrin (Imperator, 250 g/liter EC, Zeneca Ltd., Ġzmir, Turkey) was used in all bioassay as water source and prepared in distilled water as parts per million of active ingredient. G. mellonella larvae were exposed to 15 different doses (5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 3000, and 4000 ppm) and nine different doses (5, 50, 100, 150, 200, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 ppm) of cypermethrin to evaluate the effects of the insecticide on the pupation and mortality. Last instars of moths were exposed to selected doses of cypermethrin for 30 d until pupation or they die. Host larvae were controlled daily and pupation date was recorded. Results and Conclusion: Similar results were obtained from both experimental groups of G. mellonella larvae (larval weight: 0.12±0.02 and 0.17 ± 0.02 gram) according to daily results of percent pupation and mortality. Developmental and pupation time of larvae delayed, percent pupation decreased and mortality increased gradually with increasing doses of cypermethrin. Such an insecticide-related prolongation in the most deleterious larval stage of pests will give rise to more damage in nature and may increase the economical lost caused by pests. Furthermore, prolongation in the larval developmental time of host species on exposure to insecticides represents a potential threat to the survival and continuity of the generation of the pupal parasitoids. Our results may be of value for pesticide research literature and biological control applications. Moreover, the assessment of the dose-related effects of insecticides will also contribute to success in IPM programs.

Keywords

Galleria mellonella, Cypermethrin, Pupation

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