Research Article
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Bacterial Analysis of Marketed and Raw Honey in Turkey

Year 2007, Volume: 07 Issue: 1, 30 - 34, 27.02.2007

Abstract

 Marketed honey samples (the products of 15 different firms obtained from superstores), and raw honey (obtained directly from 11 different apiaries from the Black Sea and Marmara regions of Turkey) were analyzed for bacteria species presence. Out of the 26 honey samples, bacteria were isolated in 23. Twice the number of species was isolated from marketed as raw honey. However, neither European Foulbrood (EFB) (Melissococcus pluton) nor American Foulbrood (AFB) (Paenibacillus larvae larvae) was detected in any of the samples. This suggests that sanitary measures and disinfection requirements may not be met in collecting, packaging and labeling honey for marketing.
Key words: Honey, Bacteria, American Foulbrood, European Foulbrood. 

References

  • Aydın N., Bülbül H., Bıyıklıoğlu G., Yaralı C., Yavuz M.K. 1999. Isolation of Paenibacillus larvae from the honey samples taken from the beehives and honey introduced for consumption. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 10: 93-100.
  • Bailey, L., Ball, B.V. 1991. Honey Bee Pathology. Academic Press.
  • Chantawannakul, P., Dancer, EN. 2001: American foulbrood in honey bees. Bee World 82:168- 180.
  • Djordjevic, S.P., Noone, K., Smith, L., Hornitzky, M.A.Z. 1998. Development of a hemi-nested PCR assay for the specific detection of Melissococcus pluton. Journal of Apicultural Research 37:1 65-174.
  • Dobbelaere, W., De Graaf D.C., Peeters, J.E., Jacobs, F.J. 2001. Comparison of two commercial kits for biochemical characterization of Paenibacillus larvae larvae in the diagnosis of AFB. Journal of Apicultural Research 40:37-40.
  • Doğaroğlu, M. 1999. Modern Arıcılık Teknikleri. Anadolu Matbaa ve Ambalaj. Istanbul.
  • Funke, G., Bernard, K.A. 1999. Coryneform Gram- Positive Rods. ln: Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Eds: Murray, P.R., Baron, E.J., Pfaller, M.A., Tenover, F.C., Yolken, R.H. American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C.
  • Graham, J.M.1992. The Hive and The Honey Bee. Dadant and Sons, Hamilton, Illinois.
  • Hornitzky, M.A.Z. 1998. The spread of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae infections in an apiary. Journal of Apicultural Research 37:261-265.
  • Hansen, H., Brodsgaard, C.J. 1999. American foulbrood: a review of its biology, diagnosis and control. Bee World 80:5-23.
  • Hornitzy, M., Oldroyd, B.P., Somerville, D. 1996. Bacillus larvae carrier status of swarms and feral colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 73:116—117.
  • Kaal, J. 1991. Natural Medicine From Honeybees (Apitherapy). Kaal’ Printing House, Amsterdam, Holland, English Edition, Pp: 58- 67.
  • Kumova, U., Korkmaz, A. 2001. Arı Yetiştiriciliği. TARP Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Projesi Yayınları.
  • Loga, N.A., Turnbull, P.C. 1999. Bacillus and Recently Derived. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Eds. Murray, P.R, Baron, E.J., Pfaller, M.A., Tenover, F.C., Yolken RH. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC.
  • Hornitzky, M.A.Z., and Smith, L. 1998. Procedures for the culture of Melissococcus pluton from diseased brood and bulk honey samples. Journal of Apicultural Research 37:293-294.
  • Martin, P. 2002. The international honey commission the global network of honey scientists. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Bee Conference, Cardiff, England; Pp. 30-32.
  • Mutinelle, F., Baggio, Piro, R. 2002. OIE and UE Regulations governing international trade and community exchanges of bees and bee products. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Bee Conference, Cardiff, England; Pp. 140-146.
  • Molan, P. 1992. The antibacterial activity of honey. 1. The nature of the antibacterial activity. Bee World 73:5-28.
  • Molan, P. 1999. Why honey is effective as a medicine. I. Its use in modern medicine. Bee World 80:80-92.
  • Molan, P. 2001. Why honey is effective as a medicine. I. The scientific explanation of its effects. Bee World 82:22-40.
  • Morse, R.A., Nowogrodzki, R. 1990. Honey Bee Pests , Predators and Diseases. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London.
  • Özkırım A., Keskin N. 2002: Ankara ili ve çevresindeki arılıklarda teşhis edilen başlıca yavru hastalıklarının dağılımı. Mellifera 2: 8- 12.
  • Schuch, D.M.T., Madden, R.H., Statler, A. 2001 : An improved method for the detection and presumptive identification of Paenibacillus larvae larvae spores in honey. Journal of Apicultural Research 40:59-64.
  • Spivak, M., Gilliam, M. 1998. Hygienic behaviour of honey bees and its application for control of brood diseases and varroa. Part I. Hygienic behaviour and resistance to American foulbrood. Bee World 79:124-134.
  • Spivak, M., Gilliam, M. 1998. Hygienic behaviour of honey bees and its application for control of brood diseases and varroa. Part II. Studies on hygienic behaviour since the Rothenbuhler Era. Bee World 79:169-186.
  • Zeybek H. 1991. Honeybee Diseases and Pests. Etlik Press, Ankara.

Türkiye’de Marketlerden ve Üreticilerden Alınan Balların Bakteriyel Analizi

Year 2007, Volume: 07 Issue: 1, 30 - 34, 27.02.2007

Abstract

Ülkemizde marketlerden (15 adet firma ve 11 adet arıcı) ve Marmara ve Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde doğrudan arıcılardan toplanan 26 ham ba| numunesi bakteri varlığı bakımından analiz edilmiştir. Toplam 26 numune örneğinden 23’ünde bakteri varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Marketlerden toplanan ballardan ham bala göre iki kat daha fazla bakteri türü izole edilmiştir. Numunelerin hiç birinde Avrupa Yavru Çürüklüğü (EFB) etkeni (Melissococcus pluton) ve Amerikan Yavru Çürüklüğü etkeni (AFB) (Paenibacillus larvae larvae) bulunamamıştır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları dezenfeksiyon ve temizlik ölçütlerinin toplama, paketleme ve etiketleme sırasında yeterince yapılmadığını göstermektedir

 Bal, Bakteri, Amerikan Yavru Çürüklüğü, Avrupa Yavru Çürüklüğü. 

References

  • Aydın N., Bülbül H., Bıyıklıoğlu G., Yaralı C., Yavuz M.K. 1999. Isolation of Paenibacillus larvae from the honey samples taken from the beehives and honey introduced for consumption. Etlik Veteriner Mikrobiyoloji Dergisi 10: 93-100.
  • Bailey, L., Ball, B.V. 1991. Honey Bee Pathology. Academic Press.
  • Chantawannakul, P., Dancer, EN. 2001: American foulbrood in honey bees. Bee World 82:168- 180.
  • Djordjevic, S.P., Noone, K., Smith, L., Hornitzky, M.A.Z. 1998. Development of a hemi-nested PCR assay for the specific detection of Melissococcus pluton. Journal of Apicultural Research 37:1 65-174.
  • Dobbelaere, W., De Graaf D.C., Peeters, J.E., Jacobs, F.J. 2001. Comparison of two commercial kits for biochemical characterization of Paenibacillus larvae larvae in the diagnosis of AFB. Journal of Apicultural Research 40:37-40.
  • Doğaroğlu, M. 1999. Modern Arıcılık Teknikleri. Anadolu Matbaa ve Ambalaj. Istanbul.
  • Funke, G., Bernard, K.A. 1999. Coryneform Gram- Positive Rods. ln: Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Eds: Murray, P.R., Baron, E.J., Pfaller, M.A., Tenover, F.C., Yolken, R.H. American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C.
  • Graham, J.M.1992. The Hive and The Honey Bee. Dadant and Sons, Hamilton, Illinois.
  • Hornitzky, M.A.Z. 1998. The spread of Paenibacillus larvae subsp. larvae infections in an apiary. Journal of Apicultural Research 37:261-265.
  • Hansen, H., Brodsgaard, C.J. 1999. American foulbrood: a review of its biology, diagnosis and control. Bee World 80:5-23.
  • Hornitzy, M., Oldroyd, B.P., Somerville, D. 1996. Bacillus larvae carrier status of swarms and feral colonies of honeybees (Apis mellifera) in Australia. Australian Veterinary Journal 73:116—117.
  • Kaal, J. 1991. Natural Medicine From Honeybees (Apitherapy). Kaal’ Printing House, Amsterdam, Holland, English Edition, Pp: 58- 67.
  • Kumova, U., Korkmaz, A. 2001. Arı Yetiştiriciliği. TARP Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Projesi Yayınları.
  • Loga, N.A., Turnbull, P.C. 1999. Bacillus and Recently Derived. In: Manual of Clinical Microbiology. Eds. Murray, P.R, Baron, E.J., Pfaller, M.A., Tenover, F.C., Yolken RH. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC.
  • Hornitzky, M.A.Z., and Smith, L. 1998. Procedures for the culture of Melissococcus pluton from diseased brood and bulk honey samples. Journal of Apicultural Research 37:293-294.
  • Martin, P. 2002. The international honey commission the global network of honey scientists. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Bee Conference, Cardiff, England; Pp. 30-32.
  • Mutinelle, F., Baggio, Piro, R. 2002. OIE and UE Regulations governing international trade and community exchanges of bees and bee products. In: Proceedings of the 6th European Bee Conference, Cardiff, England; Pp. 140-146.
  • Molan, P. 1992. The antibacterial activity of honey. 1. The nature of the antibacterial activity. Bee World 73:5-28.
  • Molan, P. 1999. Why honey is effective as a medicine. I. Its use in modern medicine. Bee World 80:80-92.
  • Molan, P. 2001. Why honey is effective as a medicine. I. The scientific explanation of its effects. Bee World 82:22-40.
  • Morse, R.A., Nowogrodzki, R. 1990. Honey Bee Pests , Predators and Diseases. Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London.
  • Özkırım A., Keskin N. 2002: Ankara ili ve çevresindeki arılıklarda teşhis edilen başlıca yavru hastalıklarının dağılımı. Mellifera 2: 8- 12.
  • Schuch, D.M.T., Madden, R.H., Statler, A. 2001 : An improved method for the detection and presumptive identification of Paenibacillus larvae larvae spores in honey. Journal of Apicultural Research 40:59-64.
  • Spivak, M., Gilliam, M. 1998. Hygienic behaviour of honey bees and its application for control of brood diseases and varroa. Part I. Hygienic behaviour and resistance to American foulbrood. Bee World 79:124-134.
  • Spivak, M., Gilliam, M. 1998. Hygienic behaviour of honey bees and its application for control of brood diseases and varroa. Part II. Studies on hygienic behaviour since the Rothenbuhler Era. Bee World 79:169-186.
  • Zeybek H. 1991. Honeybee Diseases and Pests. Etlik Press, Ankara.
There are 26 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Structural Biology
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Cüneyt Özakın This is me

İbrahim Çakmak This is me

Levent Aydın This is me

Harrington Wells This is me

Publication Date February 27, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 07 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Özakın C, Çakmak İ, Aydın L, Wells H. Bacterial Analysis of Marketed and Raw Honey in Turkey. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2007;07(1):30-4.

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