Balarısı Çiçek Bağımlılığı

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 05 Sayı: 1, 32 - 41, 26.02.2005

Charlotte Sanderson Harrington Wells

Öz

Aristo zamanından beri arıların çiçekleri ziyaret ederken belli bir bitki türüne gösterdiği bağımlılık bilinmektedir. Aslında bu çiçek bağımlılığı peş peşe ziyaret edilen çiçek grupları arasında birkaç çiçek ile sınırlı değildir. Polen yükü ile kovana dönen yayılmacı arının getirdiği polen yükünün ancak %6’sı birden fazla bitki türünden toplanmıştır (Ör. Free 1963; Moezel et al. 1987). Tarım literatüründe arıların çiçek bağımlılığı “ürün tutkusu” veya ilişikliği olarak geçer. Biz burada balarılarının bilinen çevrede birçok çiçek varken tek tip çiçeği neden seçtiğini açıklamaya çalışıyoruz. Gerçi arıların çiçek bağımlılığı efsane gibi bilinmesine rağmen (Aristotle 330 B.C.; Virgil 30 B.C.; Butler 1609; Benett 1883; Maeterlink 1901; Ribbands 1953; Hill et al. 1997) bazen bu çiçek bağımlılığı görülmez. Bu, balarılarında çiçek bağımlılığının neden yaygın şekilde olduğu düşünüldüğü zaman önemlidir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Balarıları, çiçek bağımlılığı, yayılma, modeller

The Flower Fıdelıty Of The Honeybee

Öz

 Since the time of Aristotle, it has been observed that honeybees show remarkable fidelity to a plant species when visiting a patch of flowers to forage. This pollinator flower constancy, in fact, is not limited to a few flowers in a set of sequentially visited flowers. A mere 6% of the pollen in a pollenload returned to the hive by a forger is from more than one plant species (e.g. Free 1963; Moezel et al. 1987). In the agricultural literature this flower fidelity of honeybee foragers became known as ‘crop attachment’. Here, we review what is known about why a honeybee typically chooses to forage from a single flower type despite the wide range of options available to it. Although the flower fidelity of honeybees is legendary (Aristotle 330 B.C.; Virgil 30 B.C.; Butler 1609; Benett 1883; Maeterlink 1901; Ribbands 1953; Hill et al. 1997), flower constancy at times is not observed, and this is important when considering why flower fidelity is so prevalent among honeybee foragers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Honeybees, flower fidelity, foraging, models

Kaynakça

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