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BAL ÇEŞİDİNİN PARAZİTOİT Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) ERGİNLERİNİN ÖMÜR UZUNLUĞUNA ETKİLERİ

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 114 - 122, 09.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.718805

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de üretilen çeşitli bal özütlerinin parazitoit Bracon hebetor’un erginlerinin ömür uzunluğuna etkileri araştırıldı. Denemeler 25±1°C sıcaklık ve %60±5 bağıl nem koşullarındaki laboratuvar ortamında yapıldı. Parazitoit erginlerinin yetiştirilmesi için konak olarak Galleria mellonella larvaları kullanıldı. Yeni çıkmış parazitoit erginleri cinsiyetlerine göre ayrıldıktan sonra, altı deney grubu oluşturuldu; sadece su, çiçek balı, ayçiçeği balı, kestane balı, lavanta balı ve meşe balı.
Deney grupları bütün parazitoitler ölünceye kadar her gün kontrol edildi. Ölü parazitoitler çıkarıldılar ve cinsiyetlerine göre ayrıldılar. Bütün denemeler farklı parazitoit erginleriyle farklı zamanlarda üç kez tekrar edildi. En yüksek dişi parazitoit ömür uzunluğu lavanta balında elde edilirken, en yüksek erkek parazitoit ömür uzunluğu ayçiçeği balında elde edildi. Bütün deney gruplarında dişi parazitoitler erkeklerden daha uzun yaşadılar. Çeşitli bal özütleriyle beslenme hem erkek hem de dişi parazitoitlerin ömür uzunluğunu arttırdı. Bütün deney gruplarındaki parazitoitlerin ömür uzunlukları arasındaki farklılıklar, her bir bal özütündeki şeker miktarının farklı olmasıyla açıklanabilir. Sonuçlarımıza göre, Bracon hebetor tarımsal ekosistemlerde etkili bir biyolojik kontrol ajanı olarak kullanılabilir.

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

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Thanks

Balların teminindeki yardımları için Doç. Dr. Ömer ERTÜRK’e ve Ordu Arıcılık Araştırma Enstitüsü Müdürlüğüne teşekkür ederim.

References

  • Abeshu, MA., Geleta, M. 2016. Medicinal uses of honey. Biology and Medicine 8: 279-281.
  • Akbaş, D. 2019. Kuersetinin parazitoit Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’nin ömür uzunluğu ve yumurta yüküne etkileri. Yüksek Lisans tezi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Amasya Üniversitesi, 61 sayfa.
  • Akbaş, D., Sarıkaya, A. 2019. Egg load of insects in agroecosystems. In H. Sert, HK. Kiraz (Ed). 9th International symposium on Ecology and Environmental problems, Antalya, Turkey, pp: 61.
  • Alam, MS., Alam, MZ., Alam, SN., Miah, MDU., Mian, MIH., Hossain, MM. 2014. Biology of Bracon hebetor reared on wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae. Persian Gulf Crop Protection 3: 54-62.
  • Allan, L. 2000. Wax moth and its control. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia. http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/agency/pubns/farmnote/2000/f00697.htm.
  • Benelli, G., Giunti, G., Tena, A., Desneux, N., Caselli, A., Canale, A. 2017. The impact of adult diet on parasitoid reproduction performance. Journal of Pest Science 90: 807-823.
  • Bianchi, FJJA., Wackers, FL. 2008. Effects of flower attractiveness and nectar availability in field margins on biological control by parasitoids. Biological Control 46: 400-408.
  • Chen, L., Fadamiro, Y. 2006. Comparing the effects of five naturally occurring monosaccharide and oligosaccharide sugars on longevity and carbohydrate nutrient levels of a parasitic phorid fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis. Physiological Entomology 31: 46-56.
  • Devillers, J., Morlot, M., Pharm-Delegue, MH., Dore, JC. 2004. Classification of monofloral honeys based on their quality control data. Food Chemistry, 86: 305-312.
  • Doutt, RL. 1959. The biology of parasitic hymenoptera. Annual Review of Entomology 4: 161-182.
  • Fadamiro, HY., Heimpel, GE. 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptara: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 94: 909-916.
  • Godfray, HCJ. 1994. Parasitoids: Behavioral and evolutionary ecology. Princeton University Press. Princeton, USA.
  • Gündüz, A. 2015. Bal ve Deli bal, Nobel Tıp Kitapevi, İstanbul, 162 sayfa.
  • Hagen, KS., Dadd, RH., Reese, J. 1984. The food of insects. In Ecological Entomology, edited by Huffaker, CB. and Rabb, RL. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Haroun, MI. 2006. Türkiye’de üretilen bazı çiçek ve salgı ballarının fenolik asit ve flavonoid profilinin belirlenmesi. Doktora tezi. Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Ankara Üniversitesi, 120 sayfa.
  • Hokkanen, HMT., Lynch, JM. 2003. Biological control: Benefits and risks. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
  • IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Köseoğlu, M., Yücel, B., Saner, G., Doğaroğlu, M. 2008. Türkiye’de arıcılığın güncel durum analizi. Hasad Hayvancılık Dergisi 201: 52-61.
  • Krieg, A. 1974. Possibilities of microbiological control of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 74: 337-343.
  • Leatemia, JA., Laing, JE., Corrigan, JE. 1995. Effects of adult nutrition on longevity, fecundity and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Canadian Entomologist, 127: 245-254.
  • Liying, L. 1986. Mass production of natural enemies (Parasites and predators). Natural Enemies of Insects 8: 52-62.
  • Mitsunaga, T., Shimoda, T., Yano, E. 2004. Influence of food supply on longevity and parasitization ability of a larval endoparasitoid, Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39: 691-697.
  • Olson, DM., Fadamiro, H., Lundgren, JG., Heimpel, GE. 2000. Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology 25: 17-26.
  • Quicke, DLJ. 1997. Parasitic wasps. Chapman and Hill, London, UK.
  • Salman, M., Basri, MW., Idris, AB. 2012. Effects of honey and sucrose on longevity and fecundity of Apanteles metesae (Nixon), a major parasitoid of the oil palm bagworm, Metisa plana (Walker). Sains Malaysiana, 41: 1543-1548.
  • Sarıkaya, A. 2003. Konaktaki toplam lipit, glikojen ve protein miktarlarının parazitoid Dibrachys boarmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)’nin ergin öncesi gelişim süresi, verim ve ergin yaşam süresine etkileri. Doktora tezi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 50 sayfa.
  • Sarikaya, A., Gülel, A. 2011. Effects of host species, stages and size on the sex ratio and clutch size of the parasitoid, Dibrachys boarmiae (Walker, 1863) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 101: 325-331.
  • Semerci, A. 2017. Türkiye’de arıcılığın genel durumu ve geleceğe yönelik beklentiler. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22: 107-118.
  • Shaw, MR. 1997. Rearing parasitic hymenoptera. The Amateur Entomologist, 25: 1-46.
  • Sood, S., Pajni, HR. 2006. Effect of honey feeding on longevity and fecundity of Uscaana mukerjii (Mani) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid of bruchids attacking stored products (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Product Research 42: 438-444.
  • Temerak, SA. 1983. Longevity of Bracon brevicornis (Hym: Braconidae) adults as influenced by nourishment on artificial and natural foods. Entomophaga, 28: 145-150.
  • Tutkun, E., Boşgelmez, A. 2003. Bal arısı zararlıları ve hastalıkları teşhis ve tedavi yöntemleri. Bizim Büro Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Türk Gıda kodeksi Bal Tebliği, 2012. (Tebliğ no: 2012/58).
  • Wu, H., Merg, L., Li, B. 2008. Effects of feding frequency and sugar concentrations on lifetime reproductive success of Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control 45: 353-359.
  • Wyckhuys, KAG., Rtrange-George, JE., Kulhanek, CA., Wackers, FL., Heimpel, GE. 2008. Sugar feding by the aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis: How does honeydew compare with other sugar sources? Journal of Insect Physiology 54: 481-491

The Effects of Honey Variety on Longevity of the Adult Parasitoid, Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Year 2020, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 114 - 122, 09.11.2020
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.718805

Abstract

In this study, it was investigated effects of various honey extracts produced in Turkey on longevity of the adult parasitoid, Bracon hebetor. Experiments were carried out in laboratory conditions at 25±1ºC temperature and relative humidity of 60±5%. Larvae of Galleria mellonella were used as host to rear parasitoid adults. After the newly emerged adult parasitoids were separated according to sexes, they were set up the six experimental groups: only water, flower-honey, sunflower-honey, chesnut-honey, lavender-honey, and oak-honey.
Experimental groups were controlled every day until all parasitoids were dead. Dead parasitoids were removed and recorded according to sexes. All experiments were repeated as three times with different adult parasitoids and at different times. The highest longevity of male parasitoids obtained from sunflower-honey fed adults, while the highest longevity of female parasitoids obtained from lavender-honey fed adults.
Female parasitoids were longer than male parasitoids in all experimental groups. Feeding with various honey extracts were increased the longevity of both male and female parasitoids. Differences between the longevity of parasitoids in all experimental groups might be due to the different amounts of sugar in each honey extract. According to our results, Bracon hebetor can be used as an effective biological control agent in agro-ecosystems.

Project Number

-

References

  • Abeshu, MA., Geleta, M. 2016. Medicinal uses of honey. Biology and Medicine 8: 279-281.
  • Akbaş, D. 2019. Kuersetinin parazitoit Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)’nin ömür uzunluğu ve yumurta yüküne etkileri. Yüksek Lisans tezi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Amasya Üniversitesi, 61 sayfa.
  • Akbaş, D., Sarıkaya, A. 2019. Egg load of insects in agroecosystems. In H. Sert, HK. Kiraz (Ed). 9th International symposium on Ecology and Environmental problems, Antalya, Turkey, pp: 61.
  • Alam, MS., Alam, MZ., Alam, SN., Miah, MDU., Mian, MIH., Hossain, MM. 2014. Biology of Bracon hebetor reared on wax moth (Galleria mellonella) larvae. Persian Gulf Crop Protection 3: 54-62.
  • Allan, L. 2000. Wax moth and its control. Department of Agriculture, Western Australia. http://www.agric.wa.gov.au/agency/pubns/farmnote/2000/f00697.htm.
  • Benelli, G., Giunti, G., Tena, A., Desneux, N., Caselli, A., Canale, A. 2017. The impact of adult diet on parasitoid reproduction performance. Journal of Pest Science 90: 807-823.
  • Bianchi, FJJA., Wackers, FL. 2008. Effects of flower attractiveness and nectar availability in field margins on biological control by parasitoids. Biological Control 46: 400-408.
  • Chen, L., Fadamiro, Y. 2006. Comparing the effects of five naturally occurring monosaccharide and oligosaccharide sugars on longevity and carbohydrate nutrient levels of a parasitic phorid fly, Pseudacteon tricuspis. Physiological Entomology 31: 46-56.
  • Devillers, J., Morlot, M., Pharm-Delegue, MH., Dore, JC. 2004. Classification of monofloral honeys based on their quality control data. Food Chemistry, 86: 305-312.
  • Doutt, RL. 1959. The biology of parasitic hymenoptera. Annual Review of Entomology 4: 161-182.
  • Fadamiro, HY., Heimpel, GE. 2001. Effects of partial sugar deprivation on lifespan and carbohydrate mobilization in the parasitoid Macrocentrus grandii (Hymenoptara: Braconidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 94: 909-916.
  • Godfray, HCJ. 1994. Parasitoids: Behavioral and evolutionary ecology. Princeton University Press. Princeton, USA.
  • Gündüz, A. 2015. Bal ve Deli bal, Nobel Tıp Kitapevi, İstanbul, 162 sayfa.
  • Hagen, KS., Dadd, RH., Reese, J. 1984. The food of insects. In Ecological Entomology, edited by Huffaker, CB. and Rabb, RL. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
  • Haroun, MI. 2006. Türkiye’de üretilen bazı çiçek ve salgı ballarının fenolik asit ve flavonoid profilinin belirlenmesi. Doktora tezi. Gıda Mühendisliği Anabilim Dalı, Ankara Üniversitesi, 120 sayfa.
  • Hokkanen, HMT., Lynch, JM. 2003. Biological control: Benefits and risks. Cambridge University Press, London, UK.
  • IBM Corp. Released 2017. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.
  • Köseoğlu, M., Yücel, B., Saner, G., Doğaroğlu, M. 2008. Türkiye’de arıcılığın güncel durum analizi. Hasad Hayvancılık Dergisi 201: 52-61.
  • Krieg, A. 1974. Possibilities of microbiological control of the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella L. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Entomologie 74: 337-343.
  • Leatemia, JA., Laing, JE., Corrigan, JE. 1995. Effects of adult nutrition on longevity, fecundity and offspring sex ratio of Trichogramma minutum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Canadian Entomologist, 127: 245-254.
  • Liying, L. 1986. Mass production of natural enemies (Parasites and predators). Natural Enemies of Insects 8: 52-62.
  • Mitsunaga, T., Shimoda, T., Yano, E. 2004. Influence of food supply on longevity and parasitization ability of a larval endoparasitoid, Cotesia plutellae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 39: 691-697.
  • Olson, DM., Fadamiro, H., Lundgren, JG., Heimpel, GE. 2000. Effects of sugar feeding on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in a parasitoid wasp. Physiological Entomology 25: 17-26.
  • Quicke, DLJ. 1997. Parasitic wasps. Chapman and Hill, London, UK.
  • Salman, M., Basri, MW., Idris, AB. 2012. Effects of honey and sucrose on longevity and fecundity of Apanteles metesae (Nixon), a major parasitoid of the oil palm bagworm, Metisa plana (Walker). Sains Malaysiana, 41: 1543-1548.
  • Sarıkaya, A. 2003. Konaktaki toplam lipit, glikojen ve protein miktarlarının parazitoid Dibrachys boarmiae (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)’nin ergin öncesi gelişim süresi, verim ve ergin yaşam süresine etkileri. Doktora tezi, Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Ondokuz Mayıs Üniversitesi, 50 sayfa.
  • Sarikaya, A., Gülel, A. 2011. Effects of host species, stages and size on the sex ratio and clutch size of the parasitoid, Dibrachys boarmiae (Walker, 1863) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 101: 325-331.
  • Semerci, A. 2017. Türkiye’de arıcılığın genel durumu ve geleceğe yönelik beklentiler. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi 22: 107-118.
  • Shaw, MR. 1997. Rearing parasitic hymenoptera. The Amateur Entomologist, 25: 1-46.
  • Sood, S., Pajni, HR. 2006. Effect of honey feeding on longevity and fecundity of Uscaana mukerjii (Mani) (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), an egg parasitoid of bruchids attacking stored products (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Journal of Stored Product Research 42: 438-444.
  • Temerak, SA. 1983. Longevity of Bracon brevicornis (Hym: Braconidae) adults as influenced by nourishment on artificial and natural foods. Entomophaga, 28: 145-150.
  • Tutkun, E., Boşgelmez, A. 2003. Bal arısı zararlıları ve hastalıkları teşhis ve tedavi yöntemleri. Bizim Büro Basımevi, Ankara.
  • Türk Gıda kodeksi Bal Tebliği, 2012. (Tebliğ no: 2012/58).
  • Wu, H., Merg, L., Li, B. 2008. Effects of feding frequency and sugar concentrations on lifetime reproductive success of Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Biological Control 45: 353-359.
  • Wyckhuys, KAG., Rtrange-George, JE., Kulhanek, CA., Wackers, FL., Heimpel, GE. 2008. Sugar feding by the aphid parasitoid Binodoxys communis: How does honeydew compare with other sugar sources? Journal of Insect Physiology 54: 481-491
There are 35 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Food Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Adnan Sarıkaya 0000-0002-6131-9002

Project Number -
Publication Date November 9, 2020
Acceptance Date May 18, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 20 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Sarıkaya A. BAL ÇEŞİDİNİN PARAZİTOİT Bracon hebetor Say, 1836 (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) ERGİNLERİNİN ÖMÜR UZUNLUĞUNA ETKİLERİ. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2020;20(2):114-22.

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