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THE ROLE OF HONEY IN PEDIATRIC TREATMENTS IN SRI LANKAN SIDDHA MEDICINE

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 83 - 90, 12.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.851567

Abstract

Honey is used as food and for the treatment of indigenous medicines worldwide, also in Sri Lanka for a long time. Siddha Medicine is one of the four indigenous medicines currently practiced in Sri Lanka and is generally practiced in the Eastern and Northern Provinces of Sri Lanka. This study aims to explore and highlight the use of honey in pediatric treatments in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine. Preparations used to treat pediatric disorders were obtained from standard Sri Lankan textbooks used in Siddha Medicine degree programs at universities in Sri Lanka [Pararasaseharam (Part Two) and Seharasasehara Treatment]. A total of 30 preparations were identified using honey as an ingredient or adjuvant. Honey is generally used to treat indigestion and disorders associated with the digestive system. This is the first study on the role of honey in pediatric treatments in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine. This work identified, analyzed, and documented the use of honey in pediatric treatments in Sri Lankan Siddha Medicine.

Supporting Institution

Not applicable

Project Number

Not applicable

Thanks

This work received no funding. The authors are grateful to their family members for their support to be delivered this work.

References

  • Abdel-Naby Awad OG., Hamad AH. 2018. Honey can help in herpes simplex gingivostomatitis in children: Prospective randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Am J Otolaryngol. 39:759-763.
  • Abdulrhman, MA, Mekawy, MA, Awadalla, MM, Mohamed, AH. 2010. Bee honey added to the oral rehydration solution in treatment of gastroenteritis in infants and children. J Med Food. 13: 605-609.
  • Abdulrhman, MA., Nassar, MF., Mostafa, HW., El-Khayat, ZA., Abu El Naga, MW. 2011. Effect of honey on 50% complement hemolytic activity in infants with protein energy malnutrition: a randomized controlled pilot study. J Med Food. 14: 551-555.
  • Aljadi, AM., Kamaruddin, MY. 2004. Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian floral honeys. Food Chem. 85: 513–518, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00596-4.
  • Allsop, KA., Miller, JB. 1996. Honey revisited: a reappraisal of honey in pre-industrial diets. Br. J. Nutr. 75: 513–520, https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960155.
  • Al-Mamary, M., Al-Meeri, A., Al-Habori, M. 2002. Antioxidant activities and total phenolics of different types of honey. Nutr. Res. 22: 1041–1047, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00406-2.
  • Al-Waili, NS. 2003. Effects of daily consumption of honey solution on hematological indices and blood levels of minerals and enzymes in normal individuals. J. Med. Food 6: 135–140, https://doi.org/10.1089/109662003322233549.
  • Al-Waili, NS. 2004. Investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural honey and its effects on the pathogenic bacterial infections of surgical wounds and conjunctiva. J. Med. Food. 7: 210–222, https://doi.org/10.1089/1096620041224139.
  • Al-Waili, NS., Boni, NS. 2003. Natural honey lowers plasma prostaglandin concentrations in normal individuals. J. Med. Food 6: 129–133, https://doi.org/10.1089/109662003322233530.
  • Aly H., Said RN., Wali IE. 2017. Medically graded honey supplementation formula to preterm infants as a prebiotic: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 64 :966-970.
  • Asadi-Pooya, AA., Pnjehshahin, MR., Beheshti, S. 2003. The antimycobacterial effect of honey: an in vitro study. Riv. Biol. 96: 491–495.
  • Bansal, V., Medhi, B., Pandhi, P., 2005. Honey - a remedy rediscovered and its therapeutic utility. Kathmandu Univ. Med. J. (KUMJ) 3: 305–309.
  • Beretta, G., Granata, P., Ferrero, M., Orioli, M., Maffei Facino, R., 2005. Standardization of antioxidant properties of honey by a combination of spectrophotometric/fluorimetric assays and chemometrics. Analytica Chimica Acta 533: 185–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.010.
  • Bilsel, Y., Bugra, D., Yamaner, S., Bulut, T., Cevikbas, U., Turkoglu, U., 2002. Could honey have a place in colitis therapy? Effects of honey, prednisolone, and disulfiram on inflammation, nitric oxide, and free radical formation. Dig. Surg. 19: 306–311, https://doi.org/10.1159/000064580.
  • Blasa, M., Candiracci, M., Accorsi, A., Piacentini, MP., Albertini, MC., Piatti, E., 2006. Raw Millefiori honey is packed full of antioxidants. Food Chem. 97: 217–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.039.
  • Brady, NF., Molan, PC., Harfoot, CG. 1996. The Sensitivity of Dermatophytes to the Antimicrobial Activity of Manuka Honey and Other Honey. Pharm. Pharmacol. Commun. 2: 471–473, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb00540.x.
  • Chepulis, LM., 2007. The effect of honey compared to sucrose, mixed sugars, and a sugar-free diet on weight gain in young rats. J. Food Sci. 72: S224-229, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00286.x.
  • Chua, LS., Rahaman, NLA., Adnan, NA., Eddie Tan, TT. 2013. Antioxidant activity of three honey samples in relation with their biochemical components. J. Anal. Methods Chem. 2013: 8, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/313798.
  • Efem, SE. 1988. Clinical observations on the wound healing properties of honey. Br. J. Surg. 75: 679–681, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800750718.
  • Eteraf-Oskouei, T., Najafi, M. 2013. Traditional and Modern Uses of Natural Honey in Human Diseases: A Review. Iran J. Basic Med. Sci. 16: 731–742.
  • Frankel, S., Robinson, GE., Berenbaum, MR. 1998. Antioxidant capacity and correlated characteristics of 14 unifloral honeys. J. Apic. Res. 37: 27–31, https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.1998.11100951.
  • Gheldof, N., Engeseth, NJ. 2002. Antioxidant capacity of honeys from various floral sources based on the determination of oxygen radical absorbance capacity and inhibition of in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in human serum samples. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50: 3050–3055, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0114637.
  • Government of Kerala. 2011. About Siddha [WWW Document]. URL http://www.ism.kerala.gov.in/index.php/about-sidha.html (accessed 12.26.20).
  • Haffejee, IE., Moosa, A. 1985. Honey in the treatment of infantile gastroenteritis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 290 :1866-1867.
  • Jeffrey, A., Echazarreta, C. 1996. Medical uses of honey. Rev. Biomed. 7.
  • Konuk Sener D., Aydin M., Cangur S., Guven E. 2019. The effect of oral care with chlorhexidine, vitamin E and honey on mucositis in pediatric intensive care patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs. 45: e95-e101.
  • Meda, A., Lamien, CE., Millogo, J., Romito, M., Nacoulma, OG. 2004. Therapeutic uses of honey and honeybee larvae in central Burkina Faso. J. Ethnopharmacol. 95: 103–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.016.
  • Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopath. 2017. Diagnosis and Treatment [WWW Document]. URL https://main.ayush.gov.in/about-the-systems/siddha/diagnosis-and-treatment (accessed 12.26.20).
  • Mokhtari S., Sanati I., Abdolahy S., Hosseini Z. 2019. Evaluation of the effect of honey on the healing of tooth extraction wounds in 4- to 9-year-old children. Niger J Clin Pract. 22:1328-1334.
  • Molan, PC. 1999. Why honey is effective as a medicine. Bee World. 80: 80–92, https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1999.11099430
  • National Institute of Siddha. 2016. About Siddha Medicine [WWW Document]. URL https://nischennai.org/siddhamedicine.html (accessed 12.26.20).
  • Obaseiki-Ebor, EE., Afonya, TC. 1984. In vitro evaluation of the anticandidiasis activity of honey distillate (HY-1) compared with that of some antimycotic agents. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36: 283–284, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1984.tb04373.x.
  • Olaitan, PB., Adeleke, OE., Ola, IO, 2007. Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes. Afr. Health Sci. 7: 159–165, https://doi.org/10.5555/afhs.2007.7.3.159.
  • Parasuraman, S., Perumal, P. 2020. Siddha, an Indigenous Medical System of Peninsular India. Springer, Singapore.
  • Paul IM., Beiler J., McMonagle A. 2007. Effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and no treatment on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161: 1140-6.
  • Paul, IM. 2012. Therapeutic options for acute cough due to upper respiratory infections in children. Lung. 190: 41-44.
  • Ponniahpillai, I., 2016. Pararasaseharam (Second Part)– [Pararaasaseharam (Irendaam Paaham)]. Provincial Department of Indigenous Medicine, Northern Province, Jaffna.
  • Ponniahpillai, I., 2000. Seharaasasehara Treatment–(Seharaasasehara Vaiththiyam)- Provincial Department of Indigenous Medicine, Northern Province, Jaffna.
  • Punchihewa, RWK., 1994. Beekeeping for honey production in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya.
  • Schramm, DD., Karim, M., Schrader, HR., Holt, RR., Cardetti, M., Keen, CL. 2003. Honey with high levels of antioxidants can provide protection to healthy human subjects. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51: 1732–1735, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025928k.
  • Shaaban, SY., Abdulrhman, MA., Nassar, MF., Fathy, RA. 2010. Effect of honey on gastric emptying of infants with protein energy malnutrition. Eur J Clin Invest. 40 :383-387.
  • Shadkam MN., Mozaffari-Khosravi H., Mozayan MR. 2010. A comparison of the effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and diphenhydramine on nightly cough and sleep quality in children and their parents. J Altern Complement Med. 16: 787-93.
  • Shimazawa, M., Chikamatsu, S., Morimoto, N., Mishima, S., Nagai, H., Hara, H. 2005. Neuroprotection by Brazilian Green Propolis against In vitro and In vivo Ischemic Neuronal Damage. Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med. 2: 201–207, https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh078.
  • Silva, H., Seneviratne, R., Gunawardana, M., Jayasinghe, C. 2018. Pollen Analysis of Natural Bee Honeys from Different Regions of Sri Lanka. J. Food Agric. 11: 23, https://doi.org/10.4038/jfa.v11i1.5200.
  • Simon A., Sofka K., Wiszniewsky G. 2006. Wound care with antibacterial honey (Medihoney) in pediatric hematology-oncology. Support Care Cancer. 14: 91-7.
  • Weragoda, PB. 1980. The traditional system of medicine in Sri Lanka. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2: 71–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(80)90033-1.
  • Wijesekara, A. 2001. An Annotated List of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformis) of Sri Lanka. Tijdschr. Entomol. 144: 145–158, https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-99900063.
  • Yaghoobi, N., Al-Waili, N., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., Parizadeh, SMR., Abasalti, Z., Yaghoobi, Z., Yaghoobi, F., Esmaeili, H., Kazemi-Bajestani, SMR., Aghasizadeh, R., Saloom, KY., Ferns, GA. 2008. Natural honey and cardiovascular risk factors; effects on blood glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerole, CRP, and body weight compared with sucrose. Sci. World J. 8: 463–469, https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2008.64.
  • Zumla, A., Lulat, A. 1989. Honey - a remedy rediscovered. J. R. Soc. Med. 82: 384–385

Sri Lanka Siddha Medicine'de Pediatrik Tedavilerde Balın Rolü

Year 2021, Volume: 21 Issue: 1, 83 - 90, 12.05.2021
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.851567

Abstract

Bal, gıda olarak ve dünya çapında yerli ilaçların tedavisinde ve ayrıca Sri Lanka'da uzun süredir kullanılmaktadır. Siddha Medicine şu anda Sri Lanka'da uygulanmakta olan dört yerli ilaçtan biridir ve genellikle Sri Lanka'nın Doğu ve Kuzey İllerinde uygulanmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Sri Lanka Siddha Medicine'de pediatrik tedavilerde balın kullanımını araştırmayı ve vurgulamayı amaçlamaktadır. Pediyatrik bozuklukları tedavi etmek için kullanılan hazırlıklar, Sri Lanka'daki [Pararasaseharam (İkinci Kısım) ve Seharasasehara Tedavisi] üniversitelerindeki Siddha Tıp derecesi programlarında kullanılan standart Sri Lanka ders kitaplarından elde edildi. Bir bileşen veya yardımcı madde olarak bal kullanılarak toplam 30 preparat tanımlandı. Bal genellikle hazımsızlık ve sindirim sistemi ile ilgili rahatsızlıkları tedavi etmek için kullanılır. Bu, Sri Lanka Siddha Medicine'de balın pediatrik tedavilerdeki rolü üzerine yapılan ilk çalışmadır. Bu çalışmada, Sri Lanka Siddha Medicine'de pediatrik tedavilerde balın kullanımını belirlendi, analiz edildi ve belgelendi.

Project Number

Not applicable

References

  • Abdel-Naby Awad OG., Hamad AH. 2018. Honey can help in herpes simplex gingivostomatitis in children: Prospective randomized double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Am J Otolaryngol. 39:759-763.
  • Abdulrhman, MA, Mekawy, MA, Awadalla, MM, Mohamed, AH. 2010. Bee honey added to the oral rehydration solution in treatment of gastroenteritis in infants and children. J Med Food. 13: 605-609.
  • Abdulrhman, MA., Nassar, MF., Mostafa, HW., El-Khayat, ZA., Abu El Naga, MW. 2011. Effect of honey on 50% complement hemolytic activity in infants with protein energy malnutrition: a randomized controlled pilot study. J Med Food. 14: 551-555.
  • Aljadi, AM., Kamaruddin, MY. 2004. Evaluation of the phenolic contents and antioxidant capacities of two Malaysian floral honeys. Food Chem. 85: 513–518, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(02)00596-4.
  • Allsop, KA., Miller, JB. 1996. Honey revisited: a reappraisal of honey in pre-industrial diets. Br. J. Nutr. 75: 513–520, https://doi.org/10.1079/bjn19960155.
  • Al-Mamary, M., Al-Meeri, A., Al-Habori, M. 2002. Antioxidant activities and total phenolics of different types of honey. Nutr. Res. 22: 1041–1047, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0271-5317(02)00406-2.
  • Al-Waili, NS. 2003. Effects of daily consumption of honey solution on hematological indices and blood levels of minerals and enzymes in normal individuals. J. Med. Food 6: 135–140, https://doi.org/10.1089/109662003322233549.
  • Al-Waili, NS. 2004. Investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural honey and its effects on the pathogenic bacterial infections of surgical wounds and conjunctiva. J. Med. Food. 7: 210–222, https://doi.org/10.1089/1096620041224139.
  • Al-Waili, NS., Boni, NS. 2003. Natural honey lowers plasma prostaglandin concentrations in normal individuals. J. Med. Food 6: 129–133, https://doi.org/10.1089/109662003322233530.
  • Aly H., Said RN., Wali IE. 2017. Medically graded honey supplementation formula to preterm infants as a prebiotic: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 64 :966-970.
  • Asadi-Pooya, AA., Pnjehshahin, MR., Beheshti, S. 2003. The antimycobacterial effect of honey: an in vitro study. Riv. Biol. 96: 491–495.
  • Bansal, V., Medhi, B., Pandhi, P., 2005. Honey - a remedy rediscovered and its therapeutic utility. Kathmandu Univ. Med. J. (KUMJ) 3: 305–309.
  • Beretta, G., Granata, P., Ferrero, M., Orioli, M., Maffei Facino, R., 2005. Standardization of antioxidant properties of honey by a combination of spectrophotometric/fluorimetric assays and chemometrics. Analytica Chimica Acta 533: 185–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2004.11.010.
  • Bilsel, Y., Bugra, D., Yamaner, S., Bulut, T., Cevikbas, U., Turkoglu, U., 2002. Could honey have a place in colitis therapy? Effects of honey, prednisolone, and disulfiram on inflammation, nitric oxide, and free radical formation. Dig. Surg. 19: 306–311, https://doi.org/10.1159/000064580.
  • Blasa, M., Candiracci, M., Accorsi, A., Piacentini, MP., Albertini, MC., Piatti, E., 2006. Raw Millefiori honey is packed full of antioxidants. Food Chem. 97: 217–222, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.03.039.
  • Brady, NF., Molan, PC., Harfoot, CG. 1996. The Sensitivity of Dermatophytes to the Antimicrobial Activity of Manuka Honey and Other Honey. Pharm. Pharmacol. Commun. 2: 471–473, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1996.tb00540.x.
  • Chepulis, LM., 2007. The effect of honey compared to sucrose, mixed sugars, and a sugar-free diet on weight gain in young rats. J. Food Sci. 72: S224-229, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2007.00286.x.
  • Chua, LS., Rahaman, NLA., Adnan, NA., Eddie Tan, TT. 2013. Antioxidant activity of three honey samples in relation with their biochemical components. J. Anal. Methods Chem. 2013: 8, https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/313798.
  • Efem, SE. 1988. Clinical observations on the wound healing properties of honey. Br. J. Surg. 75: 679–681, https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800750718.
  • Eteraf-Oskouei, T., Najafi, M. 2013. Traditional and Modern Uses of Natural Honey in Human Diseases: A Review. Iran J. Basic Med. Sci. 16: 731–742.
  • Frankel, S., Robinson, GE., Berenbaum, MR. 1998. Antioxidant capacity and correlated characteristics of 14 unifloral honeys. J. Apic. Res. 37: 27–31, https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.1998.11100951.
  • Gheldof, N., Engeseth, NJ. 2002. Antioxidant capacity of honeys from various floral sources based on the determination of oxygen radical absorbance capacity and inhibition of in vitro lipoprotein oxidation in human serum samples. J. Agric. Food Chem. 50: 3050–3055, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0114637.
  • Government of Kerala. 2011. About Siddha [WWW Document]. URL http://www.ism.kerala.gov.in/index.php/about-sidha.html (accessed 12.26.20).
  • Haffejee, IE., Moosa, A. 1985. Honey in the treatment of infantile gastroenteritis. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 290 :1866-1867.
  • Jeffrey, A., Echazarreta, C. 1996. Medical uses of honey. Rev. Biomed. 7.
  • Konuk Sener D., Aydin M., Cangur S., Guven E. 2019. The effect of oral care with chlorhexidine, vitamin E and honey on mucositis in pediatric intensive care patients: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs. 45: e95-e101.
  • Meda, A., Lamien, CE., Millogo, J., Romito, M., Nacoulma, OG. 2004. Therapeutic uses of honey and honeybee larvae in central Burkina Faso. J. Ethnopharmacol. 95: 103–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2004.06.016.
  • Ministry of Ayurveda, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homoeopath. 2017. Diagnosis and Treatment [WWW Document]. URL https://main.ayush.gov.in/about-the-systems/siddha/diagnosis-and-treatment (accessed 12.26.20).
  • Mokhtari S., Sanati I., Abdolahy S., Hosseini Z. 2019. Evaluation of the effect of honey on the healing of tooth extraction wounds in 4- to 9-year-old children. Niger J Clin Pract. 22:1328-1334.
  • Molan, PC. 1999. Why honey is effective as a medicine. Bee World. 80: 80–92, https://doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1999.11099430
  • National Institute of Siddha. 2016. About Siddha Medicine [WWW Document]. URL https://nischennai.org/siddhamedicine.html (accessed 12.26.20).
  • Obaseiki-Ebor, EE., Afonya, TC. 1984. In vitro evaluation of the anticandidiasis activity of honey distillate (HY-1) compared with that of some antimycotic agents. J. Pharm. Pharmacol. 36: 283–284, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-7158.1984.tb04373.x.
  • Olaitan, PB., Adeleke, OE., Ola, IO, 2007. Honey: a reservoir for microorganisms and an inhibitory agent for microbes. Afr. Health Sci. 7: 159–165, https://doi.org/10.5555/afhs.2007.7.3.159.
  • Parasuraman, S., Perumal, P. 2020. Siddha, an Indigenous Medical System of Peninsular India. Springer, Singapore.
  • Paul IM., Beiler J., McMonagle A. 2007. Effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and no treatment on nocturnal cough and sleep quality for coughing children and their parents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 161: 1140-6.
  • Paul, IM. 2012. Therapeutic options for acute cough due to upper respiratory infections in children. Lung. 190: 41-44.
  • Ponniahpillai, I., 2016. Pararasaseharam (Second Part)– [Pararaasaseharam (Irendaam Paaham)]. Provincial Department of Indigenous Medicine, Northern Province, Jaffna.
  • Ponniahpillai, I., 2000. Seharaasasehara Treatment–(Seharaasasehara Vaiththiyam)- Provincial Department of Indigenous Medicine, Northern Province, Jaffna.
  • Punchihewa, RWK., 1994. Beekeeping for honey production in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Department of Agriculture, Peradeniya.
  • Schramm, DD., Karim, M., Schrader, HR., Holt, RR., Cardetti, M., Keen, CL. 2003. Honey with high levels of antioxidants can provide protection to healthy human subjects. J. Agric. Food Chem. 51: 1732–1735, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf025928k.
  • Shaaban, SY., Abdulrhman, MA., Nassar, MF., Fathy, RA. 2010. Effect of honey on gastric emptying of infants with protein energy malnutrition. Eur J Clin Invest. 40 :383-387.
  • Shadkam MN., Mozaffari-Khosravi H., Mozayan MR. 2010. A comparison of the effect of honey, dextromethorphan, and diphenhydramine on nightly cough and sleep quality in children and their parents. J Altern Complement Med. 16: 787-93.
  • Shimazawa, M., Chikamatsu, S., Morimoto, N., Mishima, S., Nagai, H., Hara, H. 2005. Neuroprotection by Brazilian Green Propolis against In vitro and In vivo Ischemic Neuronal Damage. Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med. 2: 201–207, https://doi.org/10.1093/ecam/neh078.
  • Silva, H., Seneviratne, R., Gunawardana, M., Jayasinghe, C. 2018. Pollen Analysis of Natural Bee Honeys from Different Regions of Sri Lanka. J. Food Agric. 11: 23, https://doi.org/10.4038/jfa.v11i1.5200.
  • Simon A., Sofka K., Wiszniewsky G. 2006. Wound care with antibacterial honey (Medihoney) in pediatric hematology-oncology. Support Care Cancer. 14: 91-7.
  • Weragoda, PB. 1980. The traditional system of medicine in Sri Lanka. J. Ethnopharmacol. 2: 71–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(80)90033-1.
  • Wijesekara, A. 2001. An Annotated List of Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Apiformis) of Sri Lanka. Tijdschr. Entomol. 144: 145–158, https://doi.org/10.1163/22119434-99900063.
  • Yaghoobi, N., Al-Waili, N., Ghayour-Mobarhan, M., Parizadeh, SMR., Abasalti, Z., Yaghoobi, Z., Yaghoobi, F., Esmaeili, H., Kazemi-Bajestani, SMR., Aghasizadeh, R., Saloom, KY., Ferns, GA. 2008. Natural honey and cardiovascular risk factors; effects on blood glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerole, CRP, and body weight compared with sucrose. Sci. World J. 8: 463–469, https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2008.64.
  • Zumla, A., Lulat, A. 1989. Honey - a remedy rediscovered. J. R. Soc. Med. 82: 384–385
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine
Journal Section Review
Authors

Saravanan Vivekanandarajah Sathasivampillai 0000-0002-5938-0509

Project Number Not applicable
Publication Date May 12, 2021
Acceptance Date February 5, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 21 Issue: 1

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Vancouver Vivekanandarajah Sathasivampillai S. THE ROLE OF HONEY IN PEDIATRIC TREATMENTS IN SRI LANKAN SIDDHA MEDICINE. U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2021;21(1):83-90.

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