VARIATIONS IN HEAT SHOCK PROTEINS BETWEEN DIFFERENT HONEY BEES AND BEE TAXA UTILIZING BIOINFORMATICS

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 1, 38 - 52, 29.05.2024

Hossam Abou-shaara

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1390515

Abstract

The changes in climate and exposure to heat stress are major concerns for agricultural communities as it affects pollinators like bees. Bees from different taxa play a crucial role in plant pollination, and their exposure to heat stress induces the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) to protect their cells. Several studies have analyzed the variations in HSPs expression levels and amino acid sequences. Databases for sequences of HSPs with different molecular weights are currently available. Variations in HSPs expression levels have been noted among individuals belonging to the same or different bee taxa exposed to heat stress. The properties of HSPs could help in understanding these variations. This study utilized bioinformatics and protein analysis tools to investigate the variations in sequences of heat shock proteins 60 (HSP60) and 83 (HSP83) in 18 bee taxa (15 from Family Apidae, 2 from Family Halictidae, and one from Megachilidae). The analysis showed some identical values to bees from genus Apis and Bombus. For HSP60, all bee taxa had high G content (587-602), followed by A (438-444), then C (389-404), and finally T (282-291). For HSP83, all bee taxa had high A content (730-759), followed by G (572-592), then C (406-419), and finally T (415-429). The conserved domains were highly identical in case of HSP60 versus HSP83. The motifs were from one or more protein families with variation among taxa. All proteins showed hydrophilic properties with variable isoelectric points. The study suggested an identical 3-D structure for proteins in all bee taxa. The role of the detected variations in affecting the response of HSPs to stress was discussed. This study paves the way for more investigations on HSPs and encourages the use of bioinformatics and protein analysis tools to explain any observable variations.

Keywords

Honey bees, Bioinformatics, Stress, Climate, HSP

Biyoinformatik Kullanılarak Farklı Bal Arıları ve Arı Taksonları Arasında Isı Şoku Proteinlerindeki Varyasyonlar

Abstract

İklimdeki değişiklikler ve tozlaştırıcıların ısı stresine maruz kalması, tarım topluluklarının en büyük endişeleri arasında yer alıyor. Farklı taksonlara ait arıların bitkilerin tozlaşmasında büyük rolü vardır. Arıların ısı stresine maruz kalması, vücut hücrelerini korumak için ısı şoku proteinlerinin (HSP'ler) ekspresyonuna neden olur. Birçok çalışma HSP'lerin ekspresyon seviyelerindeki farklılıkları araştırmış ve amino asit dizilerini analiz etmiştir. Şu anda, farklı molekül ağırlıklarına sahip HSP dizileri için veritabanları mevcuttur. Aynı arı taksonuna ait veya ısı stresine maruz kalan farklı taksonlara ait bireyler arasında HSP'lerin ekspresyon seviyelerindeki farklılıklar kaydedilmiştir. HSP'lerin özelliklerinin bu tür farklılıkların anlaşılmasına yardımcı olabileceği varsayılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 18 arı taksonunda (15'i Apidae familyasından, 2'si Halictidae familyasından ve bir Megachilidae'den). Amino asitlerin ve nükleotidlerin analizi, Apis ve Bombus cinsinden arılarla aynı değerleri gösterdi. Korunan alanlar, HSP60 durumunda HSP83'e göre oldukça özdeşti. Motifler, taksonlar arasında çeşitlilik gösteren bir veya daha fazla protein ailesindendi. Tüm proteinler değişken izoelektrik noktalarla hidrofilik özellikler gösterdi. Çalışma, tüm arı taksonlarındaki proteinler için aynı 3 boyutlu yapıyı öne sürdü. Tespit edilen varyasyonların HSP'lerin strese tepkisini etkilemedeki rolü tartışıldı. Bu çalışma HSP'ler hakkında daha fazla araştırmanın önünü açıyor ve gözlemlenebilir varyasyonları açıklamak için biyoinformatik ve protein analiz araçlarının kullanımını teşvik ediyor.

Keywords

Bal arıları, Biyoinformatik, Stres, İklim, HSP

Ethical Statement

Not applicable because this study on honey bees and not animals or humans

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