A MULTIFACETED BIOACTIVITY OF HONEY: INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BEES, PLANTS AND MICROORGANISMS

Year 2024, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 356 - 385, 18.11.2024

Rustem Ilyasov , Dmitry Boguslavsky Alla Ilyasova Vener Sattarov Valery Danilenko

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1511847

Abstract

Honey has been recognized for its medicinal properties for centuries, with well-documented benefits such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. However, despite the widespread use of honey for health-related purposes, many of the underlying mechanisms responsible for its bioactivity remain underexplored. This review delves into the complexity of honey’s composition, particularly focusing on the active substances and the honey microbiota contribution to its properties. We aim to bridge the gap in understanding how honey’s multifaceted bioactivity arises from interactions between bees, plants, and microorganisms. The review sheds light on the key compounds, including hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal, polyphenols, and antimicrobial peptides, which play vital roles in honey's health benefits. It also highlights the often-overlooked contributions of the honeybee’s gut microbiota and the nectar’s microbiota, which together influence the chemical transformation of nectar into honey and enhance its therapeutic efficacy. By examining the current literature, this article emphasizes the need for deeper investigation into how various factors-such as floral origin, bee subspecies, and environmental conditions-affect the medicinal quality of honey. Understanding these mechanisms could lead to optimized use of honey in medical applications and reveal new therapeutic potentials. This article provides a comprehensive review of the intricate processes and components that make honey not only a nutritional food source but also a potent natural medicine.

Keywords

Honey bioactivity, Prebiotic potential, Lactic acid bacteria, Antimicrobial properties, Honey microbiota

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval is not required.

Supporting Institution

Russian Science Foundation (RSF)

Project Number

24-16-00179

Thanks

We thanks to Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 24-16-00179 for supporting our scientific research in Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology at 2024.

Balın Çok Yönlü Biyoaktivitesi: Arılar, Bitkiler Ve Mikroorganizmalar Arasındaki Etkileşimler

Abstract

Bal, antibakteriyel, anti-enflamatuar ve antioksidan aktiviteler gibi iyi belgelenmiş faydaları ile yüzyıllardır tıbbi özellikleriyle tanınmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, balın sağlıkla ilgili amaçlarla yaygın kullanımına rağmen, biyoaktivitesinden sorumlu olan altta yatan mekanizmaların çoğu yeterince araştırılmamıştır. Bu derleme, özellikle aktif maddelere ve bal mikrobiyomunun özelliklerine katkısına odaklanarak balın bileşiminin karmaşıklığını incelemektedir. Balın çok yönlü biyoaktivitesinin arılar, bitkiler ve mikroorganizmalar arasındaki etkileşimlerden nasıl kaynaklandığını anlamadaki boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlıyoruz. Bu derleme, balın sağlığa faydalarında hayati rol oynayan hidrojen peroksit, metilglioksal, polifenoller ve antimikrobiyal peptitler gibi temel bileşiklere ışık tutmaktadır. Ayrıca, nektarın bala kimyasal dönüşümünü birlikte etkileyen ve terapötik etkinliğini artıran bal arısının bağırsak mikrobiyomunun ve nektarın mikrobiyotasının genellikle göz ardı edilen katkılarını vurgulamaktadır. Bu makale, mevcut literatürü inceleyerek, çiçek kökeni, arı alt türleri ve çevresel koşullar gibi çeşitli faktörlerin balın tıbbi kalitesini nasıl etkilediğinin daha derinlemesine araştırılması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu mekanizmaların anlaşılması, balın tıbbi uygulamalarda en uygun şekilde kullanılmasını sağlayabilir ve yeni terapötik potansiyelleri ortaya çıkarabilir. Bu makale, balı sadece besleyici bir gıda kaynağı değil aynı zamanda güçlü bir doğal ilaç yapan karmaşık süreçler ve bileşenler hakkında kapsamlı bir inceleme sunmaktadır.

Keywords

Bal biyoaktivitesi, Prebiyotik potansiyel, Laktik asit bakterileri, Antimikrobiyal özellikler, Bal mikrobiyomu

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval is not required.

Supporting Institution

Russian Science Foundation (RSF)

Project Number

24-16-00179

Thanks

We thanks to Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 24-16-00179 for supporting our scientific research in Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology at 2024.

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