Apis mellifera caucasica ve Apis mellifera carnica Irklarına Ait Arı Zehirlerinin (Apitoxin) Antimikrobiyal Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 43 - 52, 30.05.2025

Mehmet Çolak , Esra Taş

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1593886

Abstract

Antimikrobiyal dirençle mücadelede yeni terapötik ajanların keşfi önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Apis mellifera caucasica ve A. m. carnica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) alt türlerinden elde edilen apitoksinin antimikrobiyal potansiyeli, Gram-pozitif (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212), Gram-negatif (Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853) bakteri suşları ve bir fungal patojen (Candida albicans ATCC 10231) mikroorganizmalar üzerinde in vitro olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Mayıs 2022-Nisan 2023 tarihleri arasında standardize koşullarda yetiştirilen arı kolonilerinden elektrostimülasyon tekniğiyle apitoksin ekstrakte edilmiştir. Antimikrobiyal aktivite disk difüzyon yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiş ve sonuçlar standart antibiyotiklerle (ampisilin, vankomisin, trimetoprim-sülfametoksazol ve itrakonazol) karşılaştırılarak apitoksinlerin antibiyotik eşleniği hesaplanmıştır. Her iki alt türden elde edilen apitoksin, test edilen tüm mikroorganizmalara karşı doza bağımlı inhibitör etki göstermiştir. En yüksek etki E. coli’ye karşı gözlemlenmiş olup, inhibisyon zon çapları A. m. caucasica için 16,6 ± 0,2 mm ve A. m. carnica için 17,0 ± 0,2 mm olarak ölçülmüştür (p<0.05). E. coli, E. faecalis ve P. aeruginosa üzerindeki etkilerde alt türler arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Sonuçlar, apitoksinin geniş spektrumlu antimikrobiyal aktiviteye sahip potansiyel bir terapötik ajan olarak değerlendirilebileceğini göstermektedir.

Keywords

Apitoksin , Antimikrobiyal aktivite , Apis mellifera caucasica , Apis mellifera carnica

Project Number

KBUBAP-22-ABP-032

INVESTIGATION OF THE ANTIMICROBIAL EFFECT OF HONEYBEE VENOMS (APITOXIN) FROM APIS MELLIFERA CAUCASICA AND APIS MELLIFERA CARNICA

Abstract

The discovery of new therapeutic agents is crucial in the fight against antimicrobial resistance. The antimicrobial potential of apitoxin from Apis mellifera caucasica and A. m. carnica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) was tested in vitro against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC-25923, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC-29212), Gram-negative (Escherichia coli ATCC-25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC-27853) bacterial strains and a fungal pathogen (Candida albicans ATCC-10231). Using an electro stimulation technique, Apitoxin was extracted from honey bee colonies under standardized conditions between May 2022 and April 2023. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated using the disk diffusion method and the results were compared with standard antibiotics (ampicillin, vancomycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, itraconazole) to calculate the antibiotic equivalence of the apitoxins. Apitoxin from both subspecies showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects against all microorganisms tested. The highest activity was observed against E. coli, with inhibition zone diameters of 16.6±0.2 mm for A. m. caucasica and 17.0±0.2 mm for A. m. carnica (p<0.05). No significant differences were found between subspecies in their effects on E.coli, E.faecalis, and P.aeruginosa (p>0.05). The results indicate that apitoxin has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and could be used as a therapeutic agent.

Keywords

Apitoxin , Antimicrobial activity , Apis mellifera caucasica , Apis mellifera carnica

Project Number

KBUBAP-22-ABP-032

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