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Trabzon (Türkiye) Ballarında Polen Analizi

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 108 - 130, 30.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1641493

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 2009-2012 yılları arasında Trabzon ilinin tüm ilçelerinde, Haziran-Ekim aylarında 85 farklı bölgeden toplanan bal örnekleri üzerinde polen analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda, 23 familya, 25 cins ve 2 tür düzeyinde olmak üzere toplam 50 taksona ait polen varlığı tespit edilmiştir. Bölgenin karakteristik türlerinden Castanea sativa, 65 örnekte dominant polen olarak en yüksek orana ulaşmıştır. Lamiaceae familyası ise yalnızca bir örnekte dominant olarak saptanmıştır. Sekonder polen grubunda ise Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Carduus, Castanea sativa, Cistus, Cynoglossum, Fabaceae, Hedysarum, Lamiaceae, Laurus nobilis, Rhododendron ve Rosaceae taksonları öne çıkmıştır. İncelenen örneklerin 4’ü monofloral bal olarak sınıflandırılmış ve tamamı Castanea sativa balı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Balda belli bir miktarın üzerinde bulunduğunda zehirleme etkileriyle bilinen Rhododendron cinsine ait polenler 48 örnekte belirlenmiş, bu durum balın tüketici sağlığı açısından değerlendirilmesi gerektiğini göstermiştir. TPS-10 g değerine göre polen sayıları 2.845 ile 1.525.683 arasında değişmiştir. Korelasyon analizleri, rakım yükseldikçe balın floristik çeşitliliğinin arttığını ortaya koyarken; kümeleme analizinde örneklerin sınıflandırılmasında en belirleyici unsur toplam polen sayısı olmuştur. Bu bulgular, Trabzon balının floristik zenginliğini ortaya koyarken, aynı zamanda ekolojik değişkenlerin bal kompozisyonu üzerindeki etkilerini de net bir şekilde gözler önüne sermektedir.

Project Number

05/2009-02.

References

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  • Bayram NE, Yüzer MO, Bayram S. Melissopalynology analysis, physicochemical properties, multi-element content, and antimicrobial activity of honey samples collected from Bayburt, Turkey. U. Bee J. 2019;19(2): 161-176, doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.618289
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POLLEN ANALYSIS OF HONEYS FROM TRABZON (TÜRKİYE)

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 108 - 130, 30.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1641493

Abstract

This study presents the results of pollen analysis on honey samples collected from 85 different locations across all districts of Trabzon, Türkiye, during the months of June to October between 2009 and 2012. A total of 50 pollen taxa were identified, including 23 families, 25 genera, and 2 species. The most dominant pollen type was Castanea sativa, found in 65 samples, reflecting the regional floral characteristics. Lamiaceae was dominant in only one sample. Secondary pollen types commonly observed included Apiaceae, Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Carduus, Cistus, Cynoglossum, Fabaceae, Hedysarum, Laurus nobilis, Rhododendron, and Rosaceae. Four samples were classified as monofloral honeys, all identified as Castanea sativa honey. Rhododendron, known for its toxic effects when present above a certain threshold in honey, was detected in 48 samples, indicating the necessity of evaluating these honeys in terms of consumer health. TPN-10 ranged from 2,845 to 1,525,683 per 10 g of honey. Correlation analysis showed that floral diversity increased with altitude, while cluster analysis indicated that total pollen count was the most influential factor in sample classification. These findings underline both the rich botanical diversity of Trabzon honeys and the impact of ecological variables on honey composition.

Supporting Institution

Gazi Üniversitesi (BAP)

Project Number

05/2009-02.

Thanks

The authors would like to thank PhD. Cahit Doğan who passed away in June 2023 for support in diagnosis. This study has been produced from a doctoral thesis.

References

  • Atanassova J, Yurukova L, Lazarova M. Pollen and inorganic characteristics of Bulgarian unifloral honeys. Czech J Food Sci. 2012; 30(6): 520-526, doi.org/10.17221/44/2012-CJFS
  • Aytuğ B. İstanbul Çevresi Bitkilerinin Polen Atlası. İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Yayınları, İstanbul, Türkiye, 1971, p. 2-325.
  • Bağcı Y, Tunç B. Pollen analysis of honeys from Hadim-Taşkent (Konya) and Sarıveliler (Karaman) region. Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Fakültesi Fen Dergisi. 2006; 2: 73-82.
  • Barth OM, Luz CFP. Melissopalynology in Brazilian restinga areas, a mini review. Grana. 2022; 61: 355-365, doi.org/10.1080/00173134.2022.2117570
  • Bayram EN. Quality evaluation and pollen profile of honey samples from different locations. Progress in Nutrition. 2019; 21: 928-934, doi.org/10.23751/pn.v21i4.8862
  • Bayram NE, Yüzer MO, Bayram S. Melissopalynology analysis, physicochemical properties, multi-element content, and antimicrobial activity of honey samples collected from Bayburt, Turkey. U. Bee J. 2019;19(2): 161-176, doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.618289
  • Bijev B. Rıkovodstvo Za Uprajneniya Po Pçelarstvo. Sofya,1958, p. 27-34. Blackmore S, Ferguson IK. Pollen and spores: Form and function. Academic Press, London, United Kingdom, 1986, p.1-443.
  • Bogdanov S, Ruoff K, Persano Oddo L. Physico-chemical methods for the characterisation of unifloral honeys: A review. Apidologie. 2004; 35: 4-17, doi.org/10.1051/apido:2004047
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  • Dalgıç R. Biochemical and palynological investigation of Turkish Aegean region honey. Ege University, Institute of Science, PhD Thesis, İzmir, 1994, (erişim tarihi. 21.08.2015) https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
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  • Deodikar G.B. Melittopalynology. Indian Bee Journal. 1965; 27:59-69.
  • Erdoğan N, Pehlivan S, Doğan C. Pollen analysis of honeys from Hendek, Akyazı, and Kocaali districts of Adapazarı province (Turkey). Mellifera. 2006; 6(10-12): 20-27.
  • Erdoğan N, Pehlivan S, Doğan C. Pollen analysis of honeys from Sapanca, Karapürçek, Geyve and Taraklı districts of Adapazarı province (Turkey). Mellifera. 2009; 9(17): 9-18.
  • Erdtman G. Handbook of palynology, morphology, taxonomy and ecology. Munksgaard International Publishers, Copenhagen, Denmark, 1969, p. 8-496.
  • Ergun K, Tüfekçioğlu O, Aras D, Korkmaz Ş, Pehlivan S. A rare cause of atrioventricular block: Mad Honey intoxication. International Journal of Cardiology. 2005; 99(2): 347-348, doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ijcard.2003.11.041
  • Everitt BS, Landau S, Leese M, Stahl D. Cluster Analysis (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester, United Kingdom, 2011, p. 20.
  • Faegri K, Iversen J. Textbook of pollen analysis. Wiley and Sons Publishers, Chichester, United Kingdom,1989, p.1-328.
  • Giorgi A, Madeo M, Baumgartner J, Lozzia GC. The relationships between phenolic content, pollen diversity, physicochemical information and radical scavenging activity in honey. Molecules. 2011;16: 336-347, doi.org/10.3390/molecules16010336
  • Güner A, Aslan S, Ekim T, Vural M, Babaç MT. (edlr.). Türkiye Bitkileri Listesi (Damarlı bitkiler), Nezahat Gökyiğit Botanik Bahçesi ve Flora Araştırmaları Derneği, İstanbul, 2012.
  • Güzel F. Melitopalynological, physical and chemical analysis of Ardahan province honey. Hacettepe University, Institute of Science, MSc Thesis, Ankara, 2014, (erişim tarihi 10.09.2015), https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/tezSorguSonucYeni.jsp
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  • Hunter JD. Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment. Computing in Science & Engineering. 2007; 9(3): 90-95.
  • Jose M, Demalsy F, Parent J, Alexander AS. Microscopic analysis of honey from Manitoba, Canada. Journal of Apicultural Research. 1989; 2(1): 41-49.
  • Kapp RO. Illinoian and Sangamon vegetation in Southwestern Kansas and Adjacent. University of Michigan Museum of Paleontology. 1971; 45(3): 494-501.
  • Kenjeric D, Mandić ML, Primorac L, Čačić F. Flavonoid pattern of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) unifloral honey. Food Chemistry. 2008; 110(1): 187-192, doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.01.031
  • Kurt L. Biyoiklim, Ed. Güner A, Ekim T, “Resimli Türkiye Florası, Vol 1”, Ali Nihat Gökyiğit Vakfi, Flora Araştırmaları Derneği ve Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, İstanbul, 2014, p. 1:117-137.
  • Louveaux J, Maurizio A, Vorwohl G. Methods of melissopalynology. Bee World. 1978; 59(4):139-157, doi.org/10.1080/0005772X.1978.11097714
  • Makhloufi C, Kerkvliet JD, D’albore GR, Choukri A, Samar R. Characterization of Algerian honeys by palynological and physico-chemical methods. Apidologie. 2010;41: 509-521, doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010002
  • Matthew P, Alice D, Jessica M, Jessica P. Melissopalynology of honey from Ponteland, UK, shows the role of Brassica napus in supporting honey production in a suburban to rural setting. Palynology. 2018; 42(3): 400-405, doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2017.1362485
  • Maurizio A. Microscopy of honey, Ed. Crane E, “Honey. A comprehensive survey” Heinemann, London, United Kingdom, 1979. p. 1-608.
  • McKinney W. Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python. 9th Python in Science Conference, Book of proceedings, Austin, 28 June-3 July 2010, p. 56-61, doi.org/10.25080/Majora-92bf1922-00a
  • Moar NT. Pollen analysis of New Zealand honey. Journal of Agricultural Research. 1985; 28: 38-70.
  • Oddo LP, Stefanini R, Piazza MG, Accorti M. Diagnosis of Unifloral Honeys, III. Application of a Statistical Approach to Honey Classification. Apicoltura. 1988; 4: 27-38.
  • Oddo LP, Piazza MG, Sabatini AG, Accorti M. Characterization of unifloral honeys. Apidologie. 1995; 26 (6): 453-465, https://hal.science/hal-00891311/document
  • Oddo PL, Bogdanov S. Determination of honey botanical origin: problems and issues. Apidologie. 2004; 35: S2-S3, doi.org/ 10.1051/apido:2004044
  • Özler H. Melissopalynological analysis of honey samples belonging to different districts of Sinop, Turkey. Mellifera. 2015;15 (1): 1-11.
  • Palabaş-Uzun S, Anşin R. Subalpine and Alpine Flora of Altındere Valley (Maçka, Trabzon). Turkish Journal of Botany. 2006; 30(5): 381-398.
  • Palabaş-Uzun S, Terzioğlu S. Sisdağı (Şalpazarı/Trabzon) ve Yöresinin Florası. Düzce Üniversitesi Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi. 2019; 7: 1523-1573, doi.org/10.29130/dubited.538068
  • Pearson K. Mathematical contributions to the theory of evolution. III. Regression, heredity, and panmixia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Containing Papers of a Mathematical or Physical Character. 1896;187: 253-318.
  • Pedregosa F, Varoquaux G, Gramfort A, Michel V, Thirion B, Grisel O; Blondel M, Prettenhofer P, Weiss R, Dubourg V, Vanderplas J, Passos A, Cournapeau D, Brucher M, Perrot M, Duchesnay E. Scikit-Learn: Machine Learning in Python. Journal of Machine Learning Research. 2011;12(85):2825-2830, doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1201.0490
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There are 67 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Ecology (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ahter Fişne 0000-0001-6895-8870

Sevil Pehlivan This is me 0000-0002-7002-2331

Project Number 05/2009-02.
Early Pub Date May 26, 2025
Publication Date May 30, 2025
Submission Date February 17, 2025
Acceptance Date April 29, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 25 Issue: 1

Cite

Vancouver Fişne A, Pehlivan S. POLLEN ANALYSIS OF HONEYS FROM TRABZON (TÜRKİYE). U. Arı. D.-U. Bee J. 2025;25(1):108-30.

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