STRATEGIES AND MECHANISMS OF PLANT-MICROBIOME-POLLINATOR COADAPTATION

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 1, 171 - 196, 30.05.2025

Rustem Ilyasov , Alla Ilyasova Valery Danilenko Meral Kekeçoğlu , Rašić Slađan Pham Hong Thaı , Svetlana Khrapova Alfir Mannapov Sofia Prokudina Vener Sattarov Dmitry Boguslavsky

https://doi.org/10.31467/uluaricilik.1675598

Abstract

Plant-pollinator interactions showcase mutualistic coevolution, but the role of microorganisms in these relationships is often overlooked. Nectar-dwelling microorganisms, mainly yeasts and bacteria, significantly influence floral chemistry, pollinator behavior, and plant reproduction. These microorganisms alter nectar’s sugar content, amino acid profiles, pH, and scent emissions, shaping pollinator preferences. For example, the yeast Metschnikowia reukaufii produces fruity esters that attract bumble bees, while some bacteria lower pH, repelling honey bees. Pollinators spread these microorganisms between flowers, creating a feedback loop that shapes microbial communities and drives coevolution. Beyond nectar, microorganisms' impact on thermal regulation through metabolic heat, pollen health, and pollinator gut microbiomes. Specialized bacteria like Rosenbergiella nectarea and Acinetobacter spp. thrive in nectar’s high-sugar environment, while pollinator microorganisms, such as Lactobacillus kunkeei, protect honey bees from pathogens. Microbial diversity varies by region, with tropical flowers hosting richer communities than temperate ones. This review highlights how microorganisms act as key players in plant-pollinator networks, boosting pollinator nutrition, immunity, and foraging efficiency. It explores microbial spread, competition, and chemical influence, calling for studies that blend microbiology, ecology, and evolution. Understanding these interactions is vital for predicting how climate change and habitat loss threaten pollination, affecting agriculture and biodiversity.

Keywords

Honey bee, Pollinators, Microbiome, Coadaptation, Coevolution

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval is not required.

Supporting Institution

Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian academy of Sciences

Project Number

Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 24-16-00179

Thanks

Government basic research program in IDB RAS No. 0088-2024-0009

Bitki-Mikrobiyom-Polinatör Ko-adaptasyon Stratejileri ve Mekanizmaları

Abstract

Bitki-polinatör etkileşimleri, karşılıklı faydaya dayalı ko-evrimi sergilemektedir; ancak mikroorganizmaların bu ilişkilerdeki rolü genellikle göz ardı edilmektedir. Başlıca mayalar ve bakterilerden oluşan nektarda yaşayan mikroorganizmalar, çiçek kimyasını, polinatör davranışını ve bitki üremesini önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu mikroorganizmalar, nektarın şeker içeriğini, amino asit profillerini, pH'ını ve koku emisyonlarını değiştirerek polinatör tercihlerini şekillendirmektedir. Örneğin, Metschnikowia reukaufii mayası, bombus arılarını cezbeden meyvemsi esterler üretirken, bazı bakteriler pH'ı düşürerek bal arılarını uzaklaştırmaktadır. Polinatörler, bu mikroorganizmaları çiçekler arasında yayarak, mikrobiyal toplulukları şekillendiren ve ko-evrimi yönlendiren bir geri bildirim döngüsü oluşturmaktadır. Nektarın ötesinde, mikroorganizmalar metabolik ısı yoluyla termal düzenlemeyi, polen sağlığını ve polinatör bağırsak mikrobiyomlarını etkilemektedir. Rosenbergiella nectarea ve Acinetobacter spp. gibi özelleşmiş bakteriler, nektarın yüksek şekerli ortamında gelişirken, Lactobacillus kunkeei gibi polinatör mikroorganizmaları, bal arılarını patojenlerden korumaktadır. Mikrobiyal çeşitlilik bölgeye göre değişmekte olup, tropikal çiçekler ılıman iklim çiçeklerine göre daha zengin topluluklara ev sahipliği yapmaktadır. Bu derleme, mikroorganizmaların polinatör beslenmesini, bağışıklığını ve besin arama verimliliğini artırarak bitki-polinatör ağlarında nasıl kilit oyuncular olarak rol oynadığını vurgulamaktadır. Mikrobiyal yayılımı, rekabeti ve kimyasal etkileri inceleyerek, mikrobiyoloji, ekoloji ve evrimi harmanlayan çalışmalara çağrı yapmaktadır. Bu etkileşimleri anlamak, iklim değişikliğinin ve habitat kaybının tozlaşmayı nasıl tehdit ettiğini tahmin etmek, tarımı ve biyoçeşitliliği etkilemek için hayati öneme sahiptir.

Keywords

Bal arısı, Polinatörler, Mikrobiyom, Ko-adaptasyon, Ko-evrim

Ethical Statement

Etik kurul onayı gerekli değildir.

Supporting Institution

Koltsov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian academy of Sciences

Project Number

Russian Science Foundation (RSF) grant 24-16-00179

Thanks

IDB RAS (Rusya Bilimler Akademisi Sibirya Şubesi) 0088-2024-0009 numaralı devlet temel araştırma programı

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