FORMULATION AND ANTIBACTERIAL EVALUATION OF AN EMULGEL CONTAINING METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PROPOLIS FROM THE STINGLESS BEE (Homotrigona apicalis)

Year 2025, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 263 - 278

Enos Tangke Arung , Supomo Supomo , Irawan Wijaya Kusuma Dewi Sondari

Abstract

Stingless bee propolis (Homotrigona apicalis) is known to contain various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which exhibit potential antibacterial properties. This study aimed to evaluate whether the methanolic extract of H. apicalis propolis could be formulated into a physically and chemically stable emulgel dosage form, and to assess its antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, the primary causative agents of acne vulgaris. The research was conducted as an experimental laboratory study. The methanolic extract of H. apicalis propolis was obtained using the maceration extraction method. Antibacterial activity was determined using standardized methods. The results demonstrated that the emulgel formulations, namely F0 and F1, exhibited good physical and chemical stability. Among them, the formulation containing 10% methanolic extract showed the most significant inhibitory effect, producing inhibition zones of 10.00 mm against C. acnes and 10.17 mm against S. epidermidis. These findings indicate that the 10% concentration of H. apicalis propolis emulgel fulfills the physical and chemical stability requirements and demonstrates strong antibacterial activity. Therefore, H. apicalis propolis emulgel has the potential to be developed as an effective topical anti-acne preparation.

Keywords

Evaluation , Topical formulation , Anti-acne , Formulation stability , Stingless bee propolis

İğnesiz Arıdan (Homotrigona apicalis) Elde Edilen Propolisin Metanolik Ekstresini İçeren Bir Emüljelin Formülasyonu ve Antibakteriyel Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

İğnesiz arı propolisi (Homotrigona apicalis), flavonoidler, alkaloidler ve terpenoidler gibi çeşitli biyoaktif bileşikler içermesiyle bilinir ve bu bileşikler potansiyel antibakteriyel özellikler göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, H. apicalis propolisinin metanolik ekstresinin fiziksel ve kimyasal olarak kararlı bir emüljel dozaj formuna dönüştürülüp dönüştürülemeyeceğini ve akne vulgarisin başlıca etkenleri olan Cutibacterium acnes ve Staphylococcus epidermidis’e karşı antibakteriyel aktivitesini değerlendirmeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma deneysel bir laboratuvar çalışması olarak yürütülmüştür. H. apicalis propolisinin metanolik ekstresi maserasyon yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Antibakteriyel aktivite standart yöntemlerle belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, F0 ve F1 olarak adlandırılan emüljel formülasyonlarının iyi fiziksel ve kimyasal stabilite sergilediğini göstermiştir. Bunlar arasında, %10 metanolik ekstre içeren formülasyon en yüksek inhibisyon etkisini göstermiştir; C. acnes’e karşı 10,00 mm ve S. epidermidis’e karşı 10,17 mm’lik inhibisyon zonları oluşturmuştur. Bu bulgular, H. apicalis propolis emüljelinin %10 konsantrasyonunun fiziksel ve kimyasal stabilite gereksinimlerini karşıladığını ve güçlü antibakteriyel aktivite gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Sonuç olarak, H. apicalis propolis emüljeli etkili bir topikal anti-akne preparatı olarak geliştirilmeye uygundur.

Keywords

Değerlendirme , Topikal formülasyon , Anti-akne , Formülasyon stabilitesi , İğnesiz arı propolisi

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