Research Article

A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn

Volume: 3 Number: 2 December 31, 2020
EN TR

A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to critically approach the thoughts of causality and rational knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn, who is one of the greatest names of Islamic philosophy. Ibn Khaldūn, who is a tremendously competent sociologist, historian, and politician, constituted his work entitled Muqaddima in a way exhibiting the science of ʿumrān. One of the fundamentals of science undoubtedly is the theory of causality. We see that Ibn Khaldūn, who construed everything in the universe in the light of the causality, does not use the same theory when miracles and supernatural events are in question. This differentiation basing on the distinction of the human intellect and divine revelation has not eliminated any contradiction coming out in the context of the causality. Another matter we examine in this study is the critique of Ibn Khaldūn about rational knowledge against philosophers. According to him, it is not a correct method reaching the universals with abstractions made from the particulars. It is because such universals have not been compatible with the facts. Ibn Khaldūn criticizes the philosophers in the context of metaphysical knowledge. But, if we consider the science of ʿumrān to be a kind of metaphysics, we might say that his method contains some contradictions.

Keywords

Islamic Philosophy, Ibn Khaldūn, Causality, Rational Knowledge, Critical Approach

References

  1. Akyol, Aygün. “İbn Haldun’un İlim Anlayışında Felsefe ve Tarih Tasavvuru”. Hitit Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 10/20 (2011), 29–59.
  2. Alon, Ilai. “Al-Ghazālī on Causality”. Journal of the American Oriental Society 100/4 (1980), 397–405.
  3. Arslan, Ahmet. İbn Haldun. Istanbul: İstanbul Bilgi Üniversitesi Yayınları, 4th Ed., 2019.
  4. Bedir, Murteza. “İslâm Düşünce Geleneğinde Naklî İlim Kavramı ve İbn Haldun”. İbn Haldun: Güncel Okumalar. ed. Recep Şentürk. 23–57. Istanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 4th Ed., 2017.
  5. Çaksu, Ali. “Ibn Khaldun and Hegel on Causality in History: Aristotelian Legacy Reconsidered”. Asian Journal of Social Science 35 (2007), 47–83. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853107X170169
  6. Canatan, Kadir. İbn Haldun Perspektifinden Bilgi Sosyolojisi. Istanbul: Açılım Kitap, 2013.
  7. Ceyhan, Semih. “İbn Haldun’un Sûfîlere ve Tasavvufa Bakışı: Umranda Tasavvuf İlmi”. İbn Haldun: Güncel Okumalar. ed. Recep Şentürk. 81–120. Istanbul: İz Yayıncılık, 2017.
  8. Ebû Bekir er-Râzî. “Et-Tıbbu’r-Rûhânî: Ahlâkın İyileştirilmesi”. trans. Mahmut Kaya. Felsefe Risâleleri. 82–195. Istanbul: Türkiye Yazma Eserler Kurumu Başkanlığı Yayınları, 2016.
  9. Fārābī, Abū Naṣr Muḥammad. el-Medînetü’l-Fâzıla: Tanrı-Âlem-İnsan. trans. Yaşar Aydınlı. Istanbul: Litera Yayıncılık, 2nd Ed., 2019.
  10. Ghazzālī, Abū Ḥāmid. Tahāfut al-Falāsifa. ed. Sulaimān Dunyā. Cairo: Dār al-maʿrifa, 1966.
APA
Kaya, E. (2020). A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn. ULUM, 3(2), 241-261. https://doi.org/10.54659/ulum.798914
AMA
1.Kaya E. A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn. ULUM. 2020;3(2):241-261. doi:10.54659/ulum.798914
Chicago
Kaya, Emrah. 2020. “A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn”. ULUM 3 (2): 241-61. https://doi.org/10.54659/ulum.798914.
EndNote
Kaya E (December 1, 2020) A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn. ULUM 3 2 241–261.
IEEE
[1]E. Kaya, “A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn”, ULUM, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 241–261, Dec. 2020, doi: 10.54659/ulum.798914.
ISNAD
Kaya, Emrah. “A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn”. ULUM 3/2 (December 1, 2020): 241-261. https://doi.org/10.54659/ulum.798914.
JAMA
1.Kaya E. A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn. ULUM. 2020;3:241–261.
MLA
Kaya, Emrah. “A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn”. ULUM, vol. 3, no. 2, Dec. 2020, pp. 241-6, doi:10.54659/ulum.798914.
Vancouver
1.Emrah Kaya. A Critical Approach to Causality and Rational Knowledge in Ibn Khaldūn. ULUM. 2020 Dec. 1;3(2):241-6. doi:10.54659/ulum.798914