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al-Māturīdī and Atomism

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 223 - 264, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3601659

Abstract

This study aims to shed light on the position of Imām al-Māturīdī (d. 333/944) on atomism. It consists of three sections. The first section will delineate some theories of matter along with the meaning of certain pertinent terms, which were widely accepted during al-Māturīdī’s time. The following section will discuss whether Imām al-Māturīdī understood such notions as body (jism), substance (jawhar), and accident (ʿaraḍ) within the frame of traditional Islamic atomism. Moreover, this section will give some information on how al-Māturīdī approached the issues pertaining to physics and cosmology. The last section will cover the development of atomism in the Māturīdiyya kalām school after Imām al-Māturīdī.

Thanks

I want to thank Zeliha Uluyurt and Ertul Ortabas for their contribution to the translation of the article into English.

References

  • ’Abd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādī. Uṣūl al-dīn. Istanbul: Maṭbaʿat al-Dawla, 1928.
  • ʿAbd al-Jabbār, al-Qāḍī. Kitāb al-Majmūʿ fi al-Muḥīṭ bi al-taklīf. ed. J. J. Houben. Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1986.
  • Abū Zayd, Muna Ahmad. al-Tasawwur al-zarri. Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Jāmiiyya, 1414/1994.
  • Adamson, Peter. Philosophy in the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  • Alper, Hülya. İmam Mâtürîdî’de Akıl-Vahiy İlişkisi. İstanbul: İz Publication, 2009.
  • al-Ᾱmidī, Sayf al-Dīn. Abkār al-Afkār fī Uṣūl al-Dīn. ed. A. al-Mahdī. 3 Vol. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub, 2002.
  • Anawati, G. C. “Kalam”. Encyclopedia of Religion. Second edition ed. Lindsay Jones. 8: 5059. USA: Macmillan 2005.
  • al-Ashʿarī, Abu’l-Ḥasan. Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn wa ikhtilāf al-muṣallīn. ed. Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahḍah al-Miṣriyyah, 2000.
  • al-Bazdawī, Abu’l-Yusr. Uṣūl al-dīn. ed. Hans Peter Linss Cairo: Dār Ihyā al-kutub al-ʿArabiya, 1963.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. “Klasik Dönem Kelâmında Dakiku’l-Kelâmın Yeri ve Rolü”. Turkish Journal of Islamic Studies 33 (2015), 39-72.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. Kelâm Atomculuğu ve Modern Kozmoloji = Kalām Atomism and Modern Cosmology. Ankara: TDV Publication, 2018.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. Klasik İslâm Düşüncesinde Atomculuk Eleştirileri = Criticisms of Atomism in Classical Islamic Thought. İstanbul: İFAV Publication, 2017.
  • Dhanani, Alnoor. “al-Māturīdī and al-Nasafī on Atomism and the Tabā’ī”. Büyük Türk Bilgini İmâm Mâtürîdî ve Mâtürîdîlik: Milletler Arası Tartışmalı İlmi Toplantı (İstanbul, 22-24 Mayıs 2009). İstanbul: İFAV Publication, 2009.
  • Dhanani, Alnoor. “V/XI. Yüzyıl Kelâm Fiziğinin Problemleri”. trans. Mehmet Bulğen. KADER 13/2 (2015), 862-885.
  • Dhanani, Alnoor. The Physical Theory of Kalām: Atoms, Space and Void in Baṣra Muʿtazilî Cosmology, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994.
  • Fakhry, Majid. A History of Islamic Philosophy. Second Edition London: Longman, 1983.
  • al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr. Iḥṣāʾ al-ʿulūm. ed. 'Uthman Amin. Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, 1949.
  • Frank, Richard M. “Bodies and Atoms: The Ashʿarite Analysis”. Islamic Theology and Philosophy. ed. Michael E. Marmura. 39-54. Albany: State University of New York Press,1984.
  • Frank, Richard M. “Notes and Remarks on the Tabāʿi in the Teaching of al-Māturīdī”. Melanges D'islamologie. Ed. Pierre Salmon. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1974.
  • Grant, Edward. A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Gutas, Dimitri. Greek Thought Arabic Culture. New York: Routledge, 1999.
  • Heinen, Anton M.. “Mutakallimūn and Mathematicians”. Der Islam 55/1 (1978), 57-73.
  • Ibn al-Murtaḍā, “Riyāḍat al-afhām fī laṭīf al-kalām” in Al-Baḥr al-Zakhkhār al-Jāmiʿ li-Madhāhib ʿUlamāʾ al-Amṣār. ed. Muḥammad Tamir. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2001.
  • Ibn Fūrak, Abū Bakr Muḥammad. Mujarrad Maqālāt al-Shaykh Abī al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī. ed. Daniel Gimert. Beirut: Dar al-Mashriq, 1987.
  • Ibn Mattawayh. al-Tadhkirah fī aḥkām al-jawāhir wa-al-aʻrāḍ. ed. Daniel Gimaret. Cairo: Institut Français d’Archélogie Orientale, 2009.
  • Ibn Sīnā. Kitāb al-shifāʾ: Fizik II. Ed. and Trans. Muhittin Macit - Ferruh Özpilavcı. Istanbul: Litera Publication, 2005.
  • al-Juwaynī, Imāmu’l-Ḥaramayn Abu’l-Maʿālī. al-Shāmil fī uṣūl al-dīn. Ed. ʻAlī Sāmī Nashshār - Fayṣal Budayr ʻAwn - Suhayr Muḥammad Mukhtār. Alexandria: Munshaʾāt al-Maʿārif, 1969.
  • al-Juwaynī, Imāmu’l-Ḥaramayn Abu’l-Maʿālī. Kitāb al-Irshād. ed. Muḥammad Yūsuf Musa - Al Abdulḥāmid. Cairo: Maktaba al-Hanci 1950.
  • al-Kaʿbī, Abu’l-Qāsim al-Balkhī. Kitāb al-Maqālāt wa ma‘ahu ʿUyūn al-masāʾil wa al-jawābāt. ed. Hüseyin Hansu - Rājih Abdulhamīd Kurdī. Istanbul, Amman: KURAMER - Dār al-Fath, 2018.
  • Karadaş, Cağfer. "The New Approach to The Source of Kalām Atomism". ULUM 1 / 2 (December 2019), 225-244.
  • al-Khayyāṭ. Kitāb al-Intiṣār. ed. Albert Nasri Nader. Beirut: al-Matbaat al-l-Katulikiyya, 1957.
  • al-Kindī. “Fī al-Falsafah al-Ūlā (İlk Felsefe Üzerine)”. Felsefî Risâleler ed. and transl. Mahmut Kaya. Istanbul: Klasik Publication, 2013.
  • Macdonald, D. B.. “Klasik Dönem Kelâmında Atomcu Zaman ve Sürekli Yeniden Yaratma”. Trans. Mehmet Bulğen. KADER 14/1 (2016), 279-297.
  • al-Mâtürîdî, Abū Manṣūr. Kitāb al-tawḥīd. ed. Bekir Topaloğlu - Muhammed Aruçi. Ankara: TDV Publication, 2017, 2005.
  • al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Kitāb al-tawḥīd. Trans. Bekir Topaloğlu. Ankara: İSAM Publication, 2015.
  • al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt al-Qurʾān. ed. Ahmed Vanlıoğlu - Bekir Topaloğlu. 1 Vol. Istanbul: Dār al-Mīzān, 2005.
  • al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt al-Qurʾān. ed. Ertuğrul Boynukalın - Bekir Topaloğlu, 5 Vol. Istanbul: Dār al-Mīzān, 2006.
  • al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt al-Qurʾān. ed. Halil İbrahim Kaçar - Bekir Topaloğlu. 10 Vol. Istanbul: Dār al-Mīzān, 2007.
  • Muhtaroğlu, Nazif. “Al-Māturīdī’s View of Causality”. Occasionalism Revisited: New Essays from the Islamic and Western Philosophical Traditions. ed. Nazif Muhtaroglu. Abu Dhabi: Kalam Research and Media, 2017, 3-21.
  • Mūsā b. Maymūn. Dalālat al-ḥā’irīn. ed. Hüseyin Atay Ankara: Ankara University Publication, 1979.
  • al-Nasafī, Abu’l-Mu’īn. Tabṣira al-adilla fī uṣūl al-dīn. ed. Hüseyin Atay. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Publication, 2004.
  • Nasr, S. H. Islamic Philosophy from its Origin to the Present. New York: State University of New York Press, 2006.
  • al-Nīsābūrī, Abū Rashīd. Masā’il fī al-Khilāf bayn al-Basriyyīn wa al-Baghdādiyyīn. ed. Ma‘n Ziyada - Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: Ma‘had al-Inma’ al-‘Arabi, 1979.
  • Pines, Shlomo. İslâm Atomculuğu. trans. Osman Demir. İstanbul: Klasik Publication, 2018.
  • Rashed, Marwan. “Natural Philosophy”. The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy ed. Peter Adamson, Richard C. Taylor, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Rudolph, Ulrich. Al-Māturīdī and the Development of Sunnī Theology in Samarqand. Trans. Rodrigo Adem. Leiden, Boston: Brill. 2015.
  • Sabra, A. I.. “Kalâm Atomism as an Alternative Philosophy to Hellenizing Falsafa”. Arabic Theology, Arabic Philosophy: Essays in Celebration of Richard M. Frank. Ed. James E. Montgomery. 152. Leuven: Orientalia Lovaniencia Analecta, 2006.
  • Şenharputlu, Ahmet. Klasik Kelâm Döneminde Arazların Bekası Sorunu. MA Thesis, Marmara University, 2017.
  • al-Shaykh al-Mufīd. Awāil al-Maqālāt. ed. Ibrāhim al-Anṣārī Mashad: al-Muʿtamar al-ʿālam li Alfiyyah Al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413/2000
  • Türcan, Galip. “Klasik Kelâm’ın Apolojetik Değeri”. Turkish Journal of Islamic Studies 17/4 (2004).
  • Türker, Ömer. “Kelâm İlminin Metafizikleşme Süreci”. Dîvân: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12/23 (2007/2), 75-92.
  • Uluç, Tahir. İmâm Mâtürîdî’nin Âlemin Ontolojik Yapısı Hakkında Filozofları Eleştirisi. İstanbul: İnsan Publication, 2017.
  • Van Ess, Josef. “Muʿtazilite Atomism”. Flowering Muslim Theology. trans. Jane Marie Toldd. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006, 79-115.
  • Van Ess, Josef. “The Beginnings of Islamic Theology”. The Cultural Context of Medieval Learning. ed. J. E. Murdoch and E. D. Sylla. 87–111. Dordrecht and Boston: Reidel, 1975.
  • Van Ess, Josef. Theology and Science: The Case of Abū Isḥaq al-Naẓẓām. Ann Arbor: Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, University of Michigan, 1978.
  • Wolfson, Harry Austryn. The Philosophy of the Kalam. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976.
  • Yavuz, Yusuf Şevki. “İmâm Mâtürîdî’nin Tabiat ve İlliyyete Bakışı”. Büyük Türk Bilgini İmâm Mâtürîdî ve Mâtürîdîlik: Milletler Arası Tartışmalı İlmi Toplantı (İstanbul, 22-24 Mayıs 2009). İstanbul: İFAV 2009.

İmam Mâtüridî ve Atomculuk

Year 2019, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 223 - 264, 31.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3601659

Abstract

İmam Mâtürîdî’nin (ö. 333/944) atomculukla ilişkisini ortaya koymayı hedefleyen bu çalışma, üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde İmam Mâtürîdî döneminde yaygın kabul gören madde teorileri ve bunlarla ilişkili cisim, cüz, cevher ve araz gibi kavramların anlamları açıklanacaktır. İkinci bölümde İmam Mâtürîdî’nin cisim, cüz, cevher ve araz gibi kavramları atomculuk ekseninde anlayıp anlamadığı tartışılacaktır. Ayrıca bu bölümde İmam Mâtürîdî’nin fizik ve kozmolojiye dair meselelere nasıl bir yöntemle yaklaştığı hakkında bilgi verilecektir. Üçüncü bölümde ise İmam Mâtürîdî sonrasında atomculuğun Mâtürîdiyye kelâmındaki gelişimi ele alınacaktır.

References

  • ’Abd al-Qāhir al-Baghdādī. Uṣūl al-dīn. Istanbul: Maṭbaʿat al-Dawla, 1928.
  • ʿAbd al-Jabbār, al-Qāḍī. Kitāb al-Majmūʿ fi al-Muḥīṭ bi al-taklīf. ed. J. J. Houben. Beirut: Dār al-Mashriq, 1986.
  • Abū Zayd, Muna Ahmad. al-Tasawwur al-zarri. Beirut: al-Muassasa al-Jāmiiyya, 1414/1994.
  • Adamson, Peter. Philosophy in the Islamic World. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016.
  • Alper, Hülya. İmam Mâtürîdî’de Akıl-Vahiy İlişkisi. İstanbul: İz Publication, 2009.
  • al-Ᾱmidī, Sayf al-Dīn. Abkār al-Afkār fī Uṣūl al-Dīn. ed. A. al-Mahdī. 3 Vol. Cairo: Dār al-Kutub, 2002.
  • Anawati, G. C. “Kalam”. Encyclopedia of Religion. Second edition ed. Lindsay Jones. 8: 5059. USA: Macmillan 2005.
  • al-Ashʿarī, Abu’l-Ḥasan. Maqālāt al-Islāmiyyīn wa ikhtilāf al-muṣallīn. ed. Muḥammad Muḥyī al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Ḥamīd Cairo: Maktabat al-Nahḍah al-Miṣriyyah, 2000.
  • al-Bazdawī, Abu’l-Yusr. Uṣūl al-dīn. ed. Hans Peter Linss Cairo: Dār Ihyā al-kutub al-ʿArabiya, 1963.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. “Klasik Dönem Kelâmında Dakiku’l-Kelâmın Yeri ve Rolü”. Turkish Journal of Islamic Studies 33 (2015), 39-72.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. Kelâm Atomculuğu ve Modern Kozmoloji = Kalām Atomism and Modern Cosmology. Ankara: TDV Publication, 2018.
  • Bulgen, Mehmet. Klasik İslâm Düşüncesinde Atomculuk Eleştirileri = Criticisms of Atomism in Classical Islamic Thought. İstanbul: İFAV Publication, 2017.
  • Dhanani, Alnoor. “al-Māturīdī and al-Nasafī on Atomism and the Tabā’ī”. Büyük Türk Bilgini İmâm Mâtürîdî ve Mâtürîdîlik: Milletler Arası Tartışmalı İlmi Toplantı (İstanbul, 22-24 Mayıs 2009). İstanbul: İFAV Publication, 2009.
  • Dhanani, Alnoor. “V/XI. Yüzyıl Kelâm Fiziğinin Problemleri”. trans. Mehmet Bulğen. KADER 13/2 (2015), 862-885.
  • Dhanani, Alnoor. The Physical Theory of Kalām: Atoms, Space and Void in Baṣra Muʿtazilî Cosmology, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1994.
  • Fakhry, Majid. A History of Islamic Philosophy. Second Edition London: Longman, 1983.
  • al-Fārābī, Abū Naṣr. Iḥṣāʾ al-ʿulūm. ed. 'Uthman Amin. Cairo: Dār al-Fikr al-ʿArabī, 1949.
  • Frank, Richard M. “Bodies and Atoms: The Ashʿarite Analysis”. Islamic Theology and Philosophy. ed. Michael E. Marmura. 39-54. Albany: State University of New York Press,1984.
  • Frank, Richard M. “Notes and Remarks on the Tabāʿi in the Teaching of al-Māturīdī”. Melanges D'islamologie. Ed. Pierre Salmon. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1974.
  • Grant, Edward. A History of Natural Philosophy: From the Ancient World to the Nineteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
  • Gutas, Dimitri. Greek Thought Arabic Culture. New York: Routledge, 1999.
  • Heinen, Anton M.. “Mutakallimūn and Mathematicians”. Der Islam 55/1 (1978), 57-73.
  • Ibn al-Murtaḍā, “Riyāḍat al-afhām fī laṭīf al-kalām” in Al-Baḥr al-Zakhkhār al-Jāmiʿ li-Madhāhib ʿUlamāʾ al-Amṣār. ed. Muḥammad Tamir. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyah, 2001.
  • Ibn Fūrak, Abū Bakr Muḥammad. Mujarrad Maqālāt al-Shaykh Abī al-Ḥasan al-Ashʿarī. ed. Daniel Gimert. Beirut: Dar al-Mashriq, 1987.
  • Ibn Mattawayh. al-Tadhkirah fī aḥkām al-jawāhir wa-al-aʻrāḍ. ed. Daniel Gimaret. Cairo: Institut Français d’Archélogie Orientale, 2009.
  • Ibn Sīnā. Kitāb al-shifāʾ: Fizik II. Ed. and Trans. Muhittin Macit - Ferruh Özpilavcı. Istanbul: Litera Publication, 2005.
  • al-Juwaynī, Imāmu’l-Ḥaramayn Abu’l-Maʿālī. al-Shāmil fī uṣūl al-dīn. Ed. ʻAlī Sāmī Nashshār - Fayṣal Budayr ʻAwn - Suhayr Muḥammad Mukhtār. Alexandria: Munshaʾāt al-Maʿārif, 1969.
  • al-Juwaynī, Imāmu’l-Ḥaramayn Abu’l-Maʿālī. Kitāb al-Irshād. ed. Muḥammad Yūsuf Musa - Al Abdulḥāmid. Cairo: Maktaba al-Hanci 1950.
  • al-Kaʿbī, Abu’l-Qāsim al-Balkhī. Kitāb al-Maqālāt wa ma‘ahu ʿUyūn al-masāʾil wa al-jawābāt. ed. Hüseyin Hansu - Rājih Abdulhamīd Kurdī. Istanbul, Amman: KURAMER - Dār al-Fath, 2018.
  • Karadaş, Cağfer. "The New Approach to The Source of Kalām Atomism". ULUM 1 / 2 (December 2019), 225-244.
  • al-Khayyāṭ. Kitāb al-Intiṣār. ed. Albert Nasri Nader. Beirut: al-Matbaat al-l-Katulikiyya, 1957.
  • al-Kindī. “Fī al-Falsafah al-Ūlā (İlk Felsefe Üzerine)”. Felsefî Risâleler ed. and transl. Mahmut Kaya. Istanbul: Klasik Publication, 2013.
  • Macdonald, D. B.. “Klasik Dönem Kelâmında Atomcu Zaman ve Sürekli Yeniden Yaratma”. Trans. Mehmet Bulğen. KADER 14/1 (2016), 279-297.
  • al-Mâtürîdî, Abū Manṣūr. Kitāb al-tawḥīd. ed. Bekir Topaloğlu - Muhammed Aruçi. Ankara: TDV Publication, 2017, 2005.
  • al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Kitāb al-tawḥīd. Trans. Bekir Topaloğlu. Ankara: İSAM Publication, 2015.
  • al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt al-Qurʾān. ed. Ahmed Vanlıoğlu - Bekir Topaloğlu. 1 Vol. Istanbul: Dār al-Mīzān, 2005.
  • al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt al-Qurʾān. ed. Ertuğrul Boynukalın - Bekir Topaloğlu, 5 Vol. Istanbul: Dār al-Mīzān, 2006.
  • al-Māturīdī, Abū Manṣūr. Taʾwīlāt al-Qurʾān. ed. Halil İbrahim Kaçar - Bekir Topaloğlu. 10 Vol. Istanbul: Dār al-Mīzān, 2007.
  • Muhtaroğlu, Nazif. “Al-Māturīdī’s View of Causality”. Occasionalism Revisited: New Essays from the Islamic and Western Philosophical Traditions. ed. Nazif Muhtaroglu. Abu Dhabi: Kalam Research and Media, 2017, 3-21.
  • Mūsā b. Maymūn. Dalālat al-ḥā’irīn. ed. Hüseyin Atay Ankara: Ankara University Publication, 1979.
  • al-Nasafī, Abu’l-Mu’īn. Tabṣira al-adilla fī uṣūl al-dīn. ed. Hüseyin Atay. Ankara: Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı Publication, 2004.
  • Nasr, S. H. Islamic Philosophy from its Origin to the Present. New York: State University of New York Press, 2006.
  • al-Nīsābūrī, Abū Rashīd. Masā’il fī al-Khilāf bayn al-Basriyyīn wa al-Baghdādiyyīn. ed. Ma‘n Ziyada - Ridwan al-Sayyid. Beirut: Ma‘had al-Inma’ al-‘Arabi, 1979.
  • Pines, Shlomo. İslâm Atomculuğu. trans. Osman Demir. İstanbul: Klasik Publication, 2018.
  • Rashed, Marwan. “Natural Philosophy”. The Cambridge Companion to Arabic Philosophy ed. Peter Adamson, Richard C. Taylor, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  • Rudolph, Ulrich. Al-Māturīdī and the Development of Sunnī Theology in Samarqand. Trans. Rodrigo Adem. Leiden, Boston: Brill. 2015.
  • Sabra, A. I.. “Kalâm Atomism as an Alternative Philosophy to Hellenizing Falsafa”. Arabic Theology, Arabic Philosophy: Essays in Celebration of Richard M. Frank. Ed. James E. Montgomery. 152. Leuven: Orientalia Lovaniencia Analecta, 2006.
  • Şenharputlu, Ahmet. Klasik Kelâm Döneminde Arazların Bekası Sorunu. MA Thesis, Marmara University, 2017.
  • al-Shaykh al-Mufīd. Awāil al-Maqālāt. ed. Ibrāhim al-Anṣārī Mashad: al-Muʿtamar al-ʿālam li Alfiyyah Al-Shaykh al-Mufīd, 1413/2000
  • Türcan, Galip. “Klasik Kelâm’ın Apolojetik Değeri”. Turkish Journal of Islamic Studies 17/4 (2004).
  • Türker, Ömer. “Kelâm İlminin Metafizikleşme Süreci”. Dîvân: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies 12/23 (2007/2), 75-92.
  • Uluç, Tahir. İmâm Mâtürîdî’nin Âlemin Ontolojik Yapısı Hakkında Filozofları Eleştirisi. İstanbul: İnsan Publication, 2017.
  • Van Ess, Josef. “Muʿtazilite Atomism”. Flowering Muslim Theology. trans. Jane Marie Toldd. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2006, 79-115.
  • Van Ess, Josef. “The Beginnings of Islamic Theology”. The Cultural Context of Medieval Learning. ed. J. E. Murdoch and E. D. Sylla. 87–111. Dordrecht and Boston: Reidel, 1975.
  • Van Ess, Josef. Theology and Science: The Case of Abū Isḥaq al-Naẓẓām. Ann Arbor: Center for Near Eastern and North African Studies, University of Michigan, 1978.
  • Wolfson, Harry Austryn. The Philosophy of the Kalam. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1976.
  • Yavuz, Yusuf Şevki. “İmâm Mâtürîdî’nin Tabiat ve İlliyyete Bakışı”. Büyük Türk Bilgini İmâm Mâtürîdî ve Mâtürîdîlik: Milletler Arası Tartışmalı İlmi Toplantı (İstanbul, 22-24 Mayıs 2009). İstanbul: İFAV 2009.
There are 57 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Religious Studies
Journal Section Translation
Translators

Mehmet Bulğen

Publication Date December 31, 2019
Submission Date October 30, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

ISNAD , trans.Bulğen, Mehmet. “Al-Māturīdī and Atomism”. ULUM 2/2 (December 2019), 223-264. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3601659.