Bizans Pavlikyanları: İnanç ve Pratikler

Year 2020, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 45 - 68, 06.08.2020

Canan Seyfeli

Abstract

Makalenin konusu Bizans Pavlikyanları, inanç ve uygulamalarıdır. Pavlikyanlar Bizans topraklarında VII.-XII. Yüzyıllar arasında etkili olmuş farklı Hıristiyan öğretisine sahip yarı gizli bir harekettir. Ortodokslar tarafından sapkın kabul edilmeleri nedeniyle gizlidirler. Ancak, güçlü oldukları dönemde Bizans’ı ve Ortodoks Kilise’yi uğraştırmışlarsa da Anadolu’dan kaybolma nedenleri de Bizans’tır. İlk liderleri olan Konstantinos’un 655 tarihinde didaskalos olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Sonra ikiye bölünen hareket IX. Yüzyılın ilk yarısında Anadolu’da gücünü kaybetmiştir. Konstantinos ve sonraki liderler kendilerini Hıristiyan olarak tanımlamışlardır. Pavlikyan öğretisi Yeni Antlaşma’dan bazı metinleri kabul eder. Ancak, onları, İsa Mesih’i ve vaftiz, evharistiya gibi ayinleri Hıristiyanlardan farklı yorumlarlar. Çoklukla düalist öğretilerle ilişkilendirilseler de ne örgütlenme biçimleri ne de emir ve yasakları onlarınki gibidir. Hıristiyanlıkla ilişkilendirme ise daha açık verilere dayanır. Bununla birlikte teslis, İsa’nın tanrı olarak konumu gibi merkezi hususlarda farklı fikirlere sahiplerdir. Pavlikyanlar Yeni Ahit metinlerinin önemli bir kısmını, özellikle İnciller ve Pavlus’un mektuplarını kabul etmişlerdir. Böylece yeni bir Hıristiyanlık yorumu ortaya çıkarmışlardır. Farklı düşünmeleri, özellikle Hıristiyanlığın temel kabullerinden farklı inanmaları onlar hakkında olumsuz verilerin ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Farklı yorumları nedeniyle tarih boyunca özellikle resmi Bizans Kilisesi tarafından heretik ilan edilmişlerdir. Bu, onlar hakkında kovuşturmalar, idamlar, göçler, dejenerasyon gibi sonuçları doğurmuştur. Bu durum sürekli gizlenmelerine, dolayısıyla haklarında gerçek dışı bilgilerin çoğalmasına yol açmıştır.

Keywords

Dinler Tarihi, Pavlikyanlar, Bizans, Ortodoks Kilise, Hıristiyanlık, İnanç

Byzantine Paulicians: Beliefs and Practices

Abstract

The subject of the article is the Byzantine Paulicians, their beliefs and practices. The Paulicians are a semi-secret movement with different Christian teachings that had influenced the Byzantine territory between the seventh and the twelfth centuries. They remained in secrecy due to their heretic acceptance by the Orthodox. However, even though they were a problem for the Byzantine and Orthodox Church when they were strong, the reasons for disappearance from Anatolia were the Byzantine and Orthodox Churches. It is estimated that their first leader, Constantinos, was didaskalos in 655. Then, the movement, which was divided into two, lost its power in Anatolia in the first half of the IX century. Constantinos and later leaders identified themselves as Christians. The Paulician doctrine accepts some texts from the New Testament. However, the Paulicians interpret the Scriptures, Jesus Christ and rituals such as baptism and eucharist (holy communion) differently from Christians. Although they are often associated with dualist doctrines, neither their form of the organization nor their commends and prohibitions are similar to theirs. The association with Christianity is based on more explicit data. However, they have different ideas about central issues such as the Trinity and the position of Jesus as God. The Paulicians adopted a significant number of New Testament texts, especially the Gospels and the Epistles of Paul. Thus, they revealed a new interpretation of Christianity. Thinking differently, especially believing different from the basic admissions of Christianity, led to the emergence of negative data about them. Due to their different interpretations, the Paulicians were declared heretic throughout history, especially by the official Byzantine Church. This situation led to prosecutions, executions, migrations, and degeneration of Paulicians, which caused their constant concealment and thus to the increase of unreal information about them.

Keywords

Paulicians, Byzantine, Orthodox Church, History of Religions, Christianity, Faith

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