Domestic Violence and Related Factors During Pregnancy

Year 2016, , 12 - 19, 01.01.2016

Gulay Yilmazel Zeynep Baykan Fevziye Cetinkaya

https://doi.org/10.5455/umj.20151222120903

Abstract

Introduction: This study was aimed to reveal violence, the risk factors during pregnancy, and to compare it with pre-pregnancy preiod. Method: This descriptive study was conducted in a maternity polyclinic in a Government Hospital during May 2012. We interviewed interviewed by face-to-face method with 109 volunteer women. The data was evaluated by using Chi-Square and Fisher’s Exact Tests. Results: The 62.4% of women stated that they were exposed to violence during this pregnancy. Verbal violence was the most frequent kind in pregnant women. Physical violence was found in 29.4% of the women. The factors affecting this violence during pregnancy have been found to be; the spouses’ educational level, number of children, the presence of violence before pregnancy and the presence of violence in the spouses’ past lives. Conclusion: The results from our study verified that violence was a quite common issue in pregnancy and pregnancy was’nt a barrier for domestic violence. Therefore, during antenatal follows counselling services should be given carefully to screen violence.

Keywords

Women, pregnancy, antenatal, domestic violence

References

• Baddour World Health Organization. Women and health: Today's evidence tomorrow's agenda 2009. (http://www. who.int/gender/ women_health_report).
• World Health Organization. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy. Information sheet (http://whqlibdoc. who.int/hq/ 2011/ WHO_RHR_11.35_eng.pdf ).
• Valladares E, Pena R, Persson LA, Högberg U. Violence against pregnant women: prevalence and characteristics. A population-based study in Nicaragua. BJOG 2005; 112: 1243–1248.
• Perales MT, Cripe SM, Lam N, Sanchez SE, Sanchez E, Williams MA. Prevalence, Types, and Pattern of Intimate Partner Violence among Pregnant Women in Lima, Peru. Violence Against Women 2009; 15 (2): 224-250.
• Nasir K, Hyder AA. Violence against pregnant women in developing countries. European J of Public Health 2003; 13:105-107.
• McMahon S, Armstrong DY. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: best practices for social workers. Health Soc Work. 2012;37(1):9-17.
• Bailey BA. Partner violence during pregnancy: prevalence, effects, screening, and management. Int J Womens Health 2010; 9: 183–197.
• Tiwari A, Chan KL, et al. The impact of psychological abuse by an intimate partner on the mental health of pregnant women. BJOG 2008;115:377–384.
• Ibiloglu Okan A. Aile ici siddet. Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2012; 4(2):204-222.
• Ahmed S, Koenig MA, Stephenson R. Effects of domestic violence on perinatal and early-childhood mortality: Evidence from north India. Am J Public Health 2006; 96: 1423–1428.
• Boy A, Salihu HM. Intimate partner violence and birth outcomes: A systematic review. Int J Fertil Womens Med 2004;49: 159– 164.
• Jasinski JL. Pregnancy and Domestic Violence: A Review of the literature. Trauma Violence Abuse 2004;5: 47-64.
• Ramsay J, Rutterford C, Gregory A, et al. Domestic violence: knowledge, attitudes, and clinical practice of selected UK primary healthcare clinicians. Br Jen Gen 2012; 62: 647-655.
• Martin SL, Harris-Britt A, Li Y, Moracco KE, Kupper LL, Campbell JC. Changes in intimate partner violence during pregnancy. J Fam Violence 2004;19: 201-210.
• Ayrancı U, Gunay Y, Unluoglu I. Spouse violence during pregnancy: a research among women attending to primary health care. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2002;3: 75-87.
• Ergonen AT, Ozdemir MH, Can IO, et al. Domestic violence on pregnant women in Turkey. J Forensic Leg Med 2009;16: 125-129.
• Arslantas H, Adana F, Ergin F, Gey N, Bicer N, Kiransal N. Domestic violence during pregnancy in an eastern city of Turkey: a field study. Interpers Violence 2012;27:1293-313. 18. Deveci SE, Acik Y, Gulbayrak C, Tokdemir M, Ayar A. Prevalence of domestic violence during pregnancy in a Turkish community. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 2007;38: 754-60.
• Karaoglu L, Celbis O, Ercan C, et al. Physical, emotional and sexual violence during pregnancy in Malatya, Turkey. Eur J Public Health 2005;16: 149–156.
• Hacettepe University Institute of Population Studies. Research on Domestic Violence Against Women in Turkey 2009 (http://www.hips.hacettepe.edu.tr/TKAA2008- AnaRapor.pdf)
• The Official Journal of Turkey. The Law on family protection and prevention of domestic violence against women. ( http: //www. resmigazete. gov.tr //2012/03/ 20120320-16.htm).
• Karal D, Aydemir E. Violence to women in Turkey. (Report No: 12-01). Location: International Strategic Research Organization. USAK Publisher, 2012.
• Iliyasu Z, Abubakar IS, Galadanci HS, Hayatu Z, Aliyu MH. Prevalence and risk factors for domestic violence among pregnant women in Northern Nigeria. J Interpers Violence 2012; 28: 868-883.
• Daoud N, Urquia ML, O' Campo P, et al. Prevalence of abuse and violence before, during, and after pregnancy in a national sample of Canadian women. Am J Public Health 2012;102:1893-901.
• Makayoto LA, Omolo J, Kamweya AM. Prevalence and Associated Factors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Pregnant Women Attending Kisumu District Hospital, Kenya. Matern Child Health J 2013; 17: 441-447.
• Salazar-Pousada D, Astudillo C, Gonzaga M, Hidalgo L, Pérez-López FR, Chedraui P. Intimate partner violence and psychoemotional disturbance among pregnant women admitted to hospital with prenatal complications. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2012; 118:194-197.
• Devries KM, et al. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: analysis of prevalence data from 19 countries. Reproductive Health Matters 2010; 18: 158–170.
• Kiely M, El-Mohandes A, El-Khorazaty MN, Gantz MG. An integrated intervention to reduce intimate partner violence in pregnancy: A randomized trial. Obstet Gynecol 2010; 115: 273–283.
• Helmuth JC, Gordon KC, Stuart GL, Moore TM. Women’s intimate partner violence perpetration during pregnancy and postpartum. Matern Child Health J 2013;17: 1405-13.
• Giray H, Keskinoglu P, Sonmez Y, et al. Domestic violence and associations during pregnancy. Sted 2005; 14: 217-220. 31. Efe S & Ayaz S. Domestic violence against women and women's opinions related to domestic violence. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2010; 11: 23-29.
• Castro R, Peek-Asa C, Ruiz A. Violence against women in Mexico: A study of abuse before and during pregnancy. Am J Public Health 2003; 93: 1110–1116.
• Silva EP, Ludermir AB, Barreto de Araşjo TV, Valongueiro SA. Frequency and pattern of intimate partner violence before, during and after pregnancy. Rev Saşde Pşblica 2011; 45: 1-9.
• Guler N. Physical, emotional, sexual, and economic violence by spouse during pregnancy and associated factors. Nursing School Education Journal 2010;3:72-77.
• Sir A, Kaya CM, Bez Y. Society, family and violence. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry- Special Topics 2011; 4: 26-31.
• Lau Y. Influence of intimate partner violence during pregnancy and early postpartum depressive symptoms on breastfeeding among chinese women in Hong Kong. J Midwifery Womens Health 2007; 52: 15–20.