Perception of Menstruation among Adolescent Secondary School Girls in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria: An Implication For Sexual Health Education for Secondary School Girls

Year 2015, Volume: 1 Issue: 3, 74 - 80, 01.07.2015

İbanga Eyo Ekong

https://doi.org/10.5455/umj.20150618115909

Abstract

This study is a comparative interventional study which examined the effect of Information Education and Communication IEC on the perception of menstruation among adolescence secondary school girls in Akwa Ibom State, South- South, Nigeria. Adolescents’ perception of menstruation was assessed based on how they perceive the importance of menstrual knowledge, attitude to menstrual problems and menstrual problems that require treatment. Sample size of 600 adolescent females, 300 from rural and 300 from urban areas were selected from a population of 431,293 adolescent females by multi-stage sampling technique. Randomization was done with the use of table of random numbers. Frequencies and percentages were used to analyse categorical variables and descriptive statistics were computed for continuous variables. chi- square test wasused to determine association between socio- demographics of the respondents and their perception of menstruation. The effect of this intervention was evaluated after three months and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 was used to enhance data analysis. Statistical significance was tested at 0.05 level and p

Keywords

Adolescent girls, Health-seeking behaviour, menstrual problems, Urban, Rural

References

• Abe, J. Yamaguchi, T. Isshiki, T; Myocardial reperfusion can be predicated by myoglobin/creatine kinase ratio of a single blood sample obtained at the time of admission. Am. Heart J., : 279- 285, 1993.
• Abramson, J. H; Risk markers for mortality among elderly men community study in Jerusalem, J. Chronic disease; 35: 563- ,1982.
• Allain CC, et al; Clin Chem, 20: 470-475, 1974.
• American Heart Association; Coronary Risk Handbook. Estimating Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in daily practice Bakker, A . J; Koelemay, M. J. W; Gorgels; J. P. Van Vlies, B; admission Lancer, 342, 1220-2, 1993
• Chapelle, J.P., Allaf, M.E; Determination of myoglobin in serum by kinetic turbidimetry using the turbitime system. Clin. Chem., 36: 1193, 1990.
• Drexel, H., Dworzak, E., Kirchmair, W; Myoglobinemia in the early phase of acute myocardial infarction. Am. Heart J., : 642-650, 1983.
• Ellis, A. K., Little, T., Masvil, A. R. Z; Early noninvasive detection of successful reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Circulation, 78: 1352-1357, 1988.
• Gibler, W. B., Lewis, L. M., Erb, R. E; Early detection of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain and non diagnostic ECGs: Serial CK-MB sampling in the emergancy department. Ann. Emerg. Med., 19: 1359-1366
• Gibler, W.B., Gibler, C.D., Weinshenker, E; Myoglobin as an early indicator of acute myocardial infarction. Ann. Emerg. Med., 16: 851-856, 1987.
• Gibler, W.B., Runyon, J.P., Levy, R.C; A rapid diagnostic and treatment center for patients with chest pain in the emergency department. Ann. Emerg. Med. 25: 1-8,1995.
• Griesmacher, A., Grimm, M., Schreiner, R., Müller, M.M; Diagnosis of preoperative myocardial infarction by considering relationship of postoperative electrocardiogram changes and enzyme increases after coronary bypass operation. Clin. Chem., : 883-887, 1990.
• IFCC methods for measurement of catalytic concentration of enzyme. J Clin Chem Clin Biochem, 24: 497-510, 1986.
• IFCC methods for measurement of catalytic concentration of enzyme. JIFCC, 1: 130-139, 1989.
• Katrukha, A.G., Bereznikova, A.V., Esakova, T.V; Troponin I is released in bloodstream of patients with acute myocardial infarction not in free form but as complex. Clin. Chem., 43: 1385, 1997.
• Laperche, T., Steg, P.G., Benessiano, J; Patterns of myoglobin and MM creatine kinase isoform release early after intravenous thrombolysis or direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction, and implications for the early noninvasive diagnosis of reperfusion. Am. J. Cardiol., 70: 1129-1134, 1992.
• Lee, TH; Serum enzyme assays in diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction. Ann. Intern. Med., 105: 221-233, 1986.
• Leung, F.T., Galbraith, L.V., Jablonsky, G., Henderson, A.R; Re-evaluation of the diagnostic utility of serum total creatine kinase and creatine kinase-2 in myocardial infarction. Clin Chem., 35: 1435-1440, 1989.
• Lindahl. B, Venge. P, Wallentin. L; Early diagnosis and exclusion of acute Myocardial Infarction using biochemical monitoring. The BIOMACS study group, biochemical markers of acute coronory syndrome. Coron Artery Dis, 6: 321-8, 1995.
• Lin, L. Sylven, C., Santonyi, p; Lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzyme activities in different parts of normal human heart. Cardiovasc. Res., 23: 601-606, 1989.
• Mair. S, Morandell. D; Equivalent early sensitivities of Myoglobin, CK-MB, CK isoform ratios and cardiac Troponins I and T for acute MI. Clin. Chem. 41: 1266-72, 1995.
• Newby, L. K; Gibler, W. B. Ohman, E. M; Biochemical markers in suspected acute MI the need for early assessment. Clin. Chem. 41: 1263-5, 1995.
• Ravkidle, J., Nissen, H., Horder, M., Thygesen, K; Independent prognostic value of serum creatine kinase isoenzyme MB mass, cardiac troponin T and myosin light chain levels in suspected acute myocardial infarction. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., 25: 574-581, 1995.
• Vaananen, H. K., Syrjala, H., Rahkila, P; Serum carbonic anhydrase III and myoglobin concentrations in acute myocardial infarction. Clin. Chem., 36: 635-638, 1990.
• Wu, A.H.B., Gorent, T.G., Harker, C.C; Role of rapid immunoassay for urgent determinations of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB. Clin. Chem., 35: 1752-1756, 1989.
• Zabel M, Hohnloser, S.H., Koster, W; Analysis of creatine.kinase, CK-2, myoglobin, and troponin T time-activity curves for early assessment of coronary artery reperfusion after intravenous thrombolysis. Circulation, 87: 1542-1550, 1993.