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Control and Elimination of Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus in a Dairy Herd

Year 2012, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 11 - 17, 01.06.2012

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus creates economically important concerns due to infection of gastrointestinal, respiratory and reproductive systems. One important target of modern animal husbandry is control and elimination of BVD virus infections in the herd. Several countries controlled and eradicated the disease by performing different strategies. Identification and elimination of BVD virus carriers (persistently infected animals), vaccination, biosecurity and monitoring are the main steps of control and eradication programmes. In this study, disease control and elimination were applied on newly established-BVDV infected dairy herd. Screening of the animals was performed by antigen ELISA and virus isolation was achieved from the antigen positive animals. For that purpose, blood samples from 400 animals were tested and antigen positive individuals were retested with 21 days intervals for identification of persistent infection animals. Although 1,27 %(3/236) of the heifers and cows were identified as acutely infected, no persistent infection was detected among those of animals. Calves were screened using blood samples either in precolostral stage or after 3 months of age. The rate of persistently infected calves born in the herd was 4.84% (8/164). Due to the urgent elimination of persistently infected calves and implementation of vaccination schedule, no PI hatchling was identified at the next calving period. In this study it was showed that BVDV elimination is successfully obtainable at herd level in Turkey by removal of PI animals concordantly applied with herd vaccination practices. 

References

  • Baker, J .C., 1990. Clinical aspects of bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. İnt. Epiz., 9 (1), 25-41.
  • Barrett, D., 2012. BVDV eradication: lessons from pilot scheme. Vet. Rec., 170, 71-72.
  • Burgu, İ., Alkan, F., Yeşilbağ, K. 1999. Türki
  • ye’de sığırlarda persiste BVD virus enfeksiyonu. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 46 , 169-177.
  • Burgu,İ., Alkan, F., Özkul, A., Yeşilbağ, K.,
  • Karaoğlu, T., Güngör, B., 2003. Türkiye'de süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) enfeksiyonunun epidemiyolojisi ve kontrolü. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg, 50, 127-133.
  • Houe, H., 1999. Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Vet. Mic., 64, 89-107.
  • Houe, H., 2003. Economic impact of BVDV infection in dairies. Biologicals, 31, 137-143.
  • Houe, H., Baker, J.C., Maes R.K., Ruegg P.L., Lloyd J.W., 2005. Application of antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) as a measure to detect herds with cattle persistently infected with BVDV. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 7, 3327-332.
  • Hult, L., Lindberg, A., 2005. Experiences from BVDV control in Sweden. Prev Vet. Med., 72,143-148.
  • Karaoglu, T., Burgu, I., Ozkul, A., 2003. Bioty- pic characterisation of bovine viral diarrhoea vi- rus (BVDV) using reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT_PCR) in clinical samples. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 51, 425– 431.
  • Laureyns, J., Ribbens, S., Kruif, A., 2010. Cont- rol of bovine virus diarrhoea at the herd level: Reducing the risk of false negatives in the detec- tion of persistently infected cattle. Vet. J., 184, 21-26.
  • Lindberg, A. L.E., Alenius, S., 1999. Principles for eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle populations. Vet. Microbiol., 64, 197-222.
  • Moennig, V., Houe, H., Lindberg,A., 2005. BVD control in Europe: current status and pers- pectives. Animal Health Research Reviews, 6, 63-74.
  • Oğuzoğlu, T.C., Muz, D., Yılmaz, D., Timurkan,
  • M.O., Alkan, F., Akça, Y., Burgu, İ., 2012. Mo- lecular characteristics of bovine virus diarrhoea virus 1isolates from Turkey: Approaches for an eradication programme, TransboundEmergDis., 59, 303–310.
  • Ozer, E., Duman, R., 2011. Study of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in diary cattle. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 10, 1557-1560.
  • Patel, J.R., Shilleto, R.W., Williams, J., Alexan- der, D.C., 2002. Prevention of transplacental in- fection of bovine foetus by bovine viral diarrhoea virus through vaccination. Arch. Virol., 147, 2453-63.
  • Peterhans, E., Jungi, T.W., Schweizer, M., 2003. BVDV and innate immunity. Biologcials, 31, 107-112.
  • Presi, P., Struchen, R., Knight-Jones, T., Scholl, S., Heim, D., 2011. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) eradication in Switzerland–Experiences of the first two year. Prev. Vet. Med., 99, 112-121.
  • Reinecke, S. 1993. Isolation, purification and epitope characterisation of cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic biotype clones of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVD) (in German). Inaugural Dissertation, Veterinary High School, Hannove.
  • Renshaw, R.W., Ray, R., Dubovi, E.J., 2000. Comparison of virus isolation and reverse transc- ription polymerase chain reaction assay for detec- tion of bovine viral diarrhea virus in bulk milk tank samples. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 12, 184– 186.
  • Rüfenacht, J., Schaller, P., Audigé, L., Knutti, B., Küpfer, 2001. U., Peterhans E. The effect of in- fection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on the fertility of Swiss dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 56,199-210.
  • Sandvik, T., 2005. Selection and use of labora- tory diagnostic assays in BVD control program- mes. Prev. Vet. Med., 72, 3-6.
  • Schefers, J. M., Collins, J. E., Goyal, S.M., Ames T.R. 2009. Detection, characterization, and control of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a large commercial dairy herd. Can. Vet. J., 50, 1075-1079.
  • Stahl, K., Alenius, S., 2012. BVDV control and eradication in Europe —an update. Jpn J Vet Res, 60, S31-S39.
  • Stokstad,M., Loken, T., 2002. Pestivirus in cattle: Experimentally induced persistent infection in calves. J. Vet. Med., 49, 494–501.
  • Tan, M.T., Karaoğlu, M.T., Erol, N., Yıldırım,
  • Y., 2006. Serological and virological investigati- ons of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in- fection in dairy cattle herds in Aydın province. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 30, 299-304.
  • Taylor, L. F., Janzen, E. D., Ellis, J. A., Van den Hurk, J. V., Ward, P., 1997. Performance, sur- vival, necropsy, and virological findings from calves persistently infected with the bovine viral diarrhea virus originating from a single Saskatch- ewan beef herd. Can Vet J., 38, 29–37.
  • Tutuncu, M., Duz, E., Karaca, M., Akkan, H.A., Keles, I., Bakir B., Tasal, I. 2011. A serological investigation of pestiviruses in sheep in eastern border of Turkey. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 43,1467-1469.
  • Valle, P.S., Skjerve, E., Martin, S.W., Larssen, R.B., Osteras, O., Nyberg, O., 2005. Ten years of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) control in Norway: a cost-benefit analysis. Prev. Vet. Med., 72, 189-207.
  • Walz, P.H., Grooms, D.L., Passler, T., Ridpath, J.F., Tremblay, R., Step, D.L., Callan, R.J., Gi- vens, M.D., 2010. Control of bovine viral diarr- hea virus in ruminants. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 24, 476-486.
  • Wilke, G. I., Grummer, B., Moennig, V., 2003. Bovine viral diarrhoea eradication and control programmes in Europe, Biologicals, 31,13-118.
  • Yesilbag, K., Alpay, G., Karakuzulu, H.A., 2011. Serologic survey of viral infections in captive ungulates in turkish zoos. J. Zoo. Wildl. Med., 42,44-48.
  • Yesilbag, K., Gungor, B., 2009. Antibody preva- lence against respiratory viruses in sheep and go- ats in North-Western Turkey. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 41, 421-425.
  • Yesilbag, K., Förster, C., Bank-Wolf, B., Yılmaz, Z., Alkan, F., Ozkul, A., Burgu, I., Rosales, S.C., Thiel, H.J., König, M., 2008. Genetic hete- rogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoeavirus (BVDV) isolates from Turkey: Identification of a new subgroup in BVDV-1. Vet. Mic.., 130, 258–267.
  • Yilmaz, H., Atan, E., Ridpath, J., Turan, N., 2012. Genetic diversity and frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) detected in cattle in Turkey. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 35, 411-6.
  • Zimmer, G.M., Van Maanen, C., De Goey, I., Wentink, G.H., Brinkhof, J., 2004. The effect of maternal antibodies on the detection of bovine vi- rus diarrhoea virus in peripheral blood samples. Vet. Microbiol., 100,145–149.

Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol ve Eliminasyonu

Year 2012, Volume: 31 Issue: 1, 11 - 17, 01.06.2012

Abstract

Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) sindirim, solunum ve reprodüktif sistem enfeksiyonlarına neden olması sebebiyle ekonomik önemi olan bir hastalıktır. Modern hayvancılık uygulamalarının temel hedeflerinden birisi de sürüde BVD virus enfeksiyonlarını kontrol altına almak ve elimine etmektir. Farklı yöntemler kullanılarak BVD’nin ülke çapında kontrol altına alındığı ya da eradike edildiği birçok örnek bulunmaktadır. BVD virus taşıyıcılarının (persiste enfekte hayvanlar) elimine edilmesi, aşılama, biyogüvenlik ve monitoring sistemlerinin uygulanması hastalığın kontrol ve eradikasyonunda takip edilen başlıca yöntemlerdir. Bu çalışmada, yeni kurulan ve BVDV enfeksiyonu saptanan süt sığırcılığı bir işletmede hastalık kontrol programının oluşturulması ve eliminasyon çalışmaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sürü taramalarında ticari bir antijen ELISA yöntemi kullanılmış, pozitif olduğu belirlenen hayvanlardan virus izolasyonu yapılmıştır. Bu kapsamda toplam 400 hayvandan alınan kan örnekleri test edilmiş, pozitif sonuç veren hayvanlar 21 gün arayla ikinci kez örneklenerek persiste enfeksiyon yönünden kontrol edilmiştir. Çalışma sürecinde taranan düve ve erişkin sığırlarda % 1,27 (3/236) oranında akut enfeksiyon varlığı saptanırken persiste enfeksiyon belirlenememiştir. İşletmede doğan buzağıların takibinde prekolostral veya 3 aylık yaşta alınan kan örnekleri kullanılarak %4.84 (8/164) oranında persiste enfekte buzağı doğumu belirlenmiştir. Persiste enfekte buzağıların ivedilikle sürüden ayrılması ve aşılama programının uygulanmasına bağlı olarak bir sonraki doğum döneminde sürüde persiste enfekte buzağı doğumlarının görülmediği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma ile persiste enfekte buzağıların takip edilerek ayıklanması ve aşılama çalışmalarının birlikte yürütülmesiyle sürü bazında BVDV eliminasyonunun başarıyla sağlanabildiği gösterilmiştir

References

  • Baker, J .C., 1990. Clinical aspects of bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. İnt. Epiz., 9 (1), 25-41.
  • Barrett, D., 2012. BVDV eradication: lessons from pilot scheme. Vet. Rec., 170, 71-72.
  • Burgu, İ., Alkan, F., Yeşilbağ, K. 1999. Türki
  • ye’de sığırlarda persiste BVD virus enfeksiyonu. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg., 46 , 169-177.
  • Burgu,İ., Alkan, F., Özkul, A., Yeşilbağ, K.,
  • Karaoğlu, T., Güngör, B., 2003. Türkiye'de süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) enfeksiyonunun epidemiyolojisi ve kontrolü. Ankara Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg, 50, 127-133.
  • Houe, H., 1999. Epidemiological features and economical importance of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections. Vet. Mic., 64, 89-107.
  • Houe, H., 2003. Economic impact of BVDV infection in dairies. Biologicals, 31, 137-143.
  • Houe, H., Baker, J.C., Maes R.K., Ruegg P.L., Lloyd J.W., 2005. Application of antibody titers against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) as a measure to detect herds with cattle persistently infected with BVDV. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 7, 3327-332.
  • Hult, L., Lindberg, A., 2005. Experiences from BVDV control in Sweden. Prev Vet. Med., 72,143-148.
  • Karaoglu, T., Burgu, I., Ozkul, A., 2003. Bioty- pic characterisation of bovine viral diarrhoea vi- rus (BVDV) using reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT_PCR) in clinical samples. Acta Veterinaria Hungarica, 51, 425– 431.
  • Laureyns, J., Ribbens, S., Kruif, A., 2010. Cont- rol of bovine virus diarrhoea at the herd level: Reducing the risk of false negatives in the detec- tion of persistently infected cattle. Vet. J., 184, 21-26.
  • Lindberg, A. L.E., Alenius, S., 1999. Principles for eradication of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infections in cattle populations. Vet. Microbiol., 64, 197-222.
  • Moennig, V., Houe, H., Lindberg,A., 2005. BVD control in Europe: current status and pers- pectives. Animal Health Research Reviews, 6, 63-74.
  • Oğuzoğlu, T.C., Muz, D., Yılmaz, D., Timurkan,
  • M.O., Alkan, F., Akça, Y., Burgu, İ., 2012. Mo- lecular characteristics of bovine virus diarrhoea virus 1isolates from Turkey: Approaches for an eradication programme, TransboundEmergDis., 59, 303–310.
  • Ozer, E., Duman, R., 2011. Study of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection in diary cattle. J. Anim. Vet. Adv., 10, 1557-1560.
  • Patel, J.R., Shilleto, R.W., Williams, J., Alexan- der, D.C., 2002. Prevention of transplacental in- fection of bovine foetus by bovine viral diarrhoea virus through vaccination. Arch. Virol., 147, 2453-63.
  • Peterhans, E., Jungi, T.W., Schweizer, M., 2003. BVDV and innate immunity. Biologcials, 31, 107-112.
  • Presi, P., Struchen, R., Knight-Jones, T., Scholl, S., Heim, D., 2011. Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) eradication in Switzerland–Experiences of the first two year. Prev. Vet. Med., 99, 112-121.
  • Reinecke, S. 1993. Isolation, purification and epitope characterisation of cytopathogenic and noncytopathogenic biotype clones of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVD) (in German). Inaugural Dissertation, Veterinary High School, Hannove.
  • Renshaw, R.W., Ray, R., Dubovi, E.J., 2000. Comparison of virus isolation and reverse transc- ription polymerase chain reaction assay for detec- tion of bovine viral diarrhea virus in bulk milk tank samples. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest., 12, 184– 186.
  • Rüfenacht, J., Schaller, P., Audigé, L., Knutti, B., Küpfer, 2001. U., Peterhans E. The effect of in- fection with bovine viral diarrhea virus on the fertility of Swiss dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 56,199-210.
  • Sandvik, T., 2005. Selection and use of labora- tory diagnostic assays in BVD control program- mes. Prev. Vet. Med., 72, 3-6.
  • Schefers, J. M., Collins, J. E., Goyal, S.M., Ames T.R. 2009. Detection, characterization, and control of bovine viral diarrhea virus infection in a large commercial dairy herd. Can. Vet. J., 50, 1075-1079.
  • Stahl, K., Alenius, S., 2012. BVDV control and eradication in Europe —an update. Jpn J Vet Res, 60, S31-S39.
  • Stokstad,M., Loken, T., 2002. Pestivirus in cattle: Experimentally induced persistent infection in calves. J. Vet. Med., 49, 494–501.
  • Tan, M.T., Karaoğlu, M.T., Erol, N., Yıldırım,
  • Y., 2006. Serological and virological investigati- ons of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in- fection in dairy cattle herds in Aydın province. Turk. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 30, 299-304.
  • Taylor, L. F., Janzen, E. D., Ellis, J. A., Van den Hurk, J. V., Ward, P., 1997. Performance, sur- vival, necropsy, and virological findings from calves persistently infected with the bovine viral diarrhea virus originating from a single Saskatch- ewan beef herd. Can Vet J., 38, 29–37.
  • Tutuncu, M., Duz, E., Karaca, M., Akkan, H.A., Keles, I., Bakir B., Tasal, I. 2011. A serological investigation of pestiviruses in sheep in eastern border of Turkey. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 43,1467-1469.
  • Valle, P.S., Skjerve, E., Martin, S.W., Larssen, R.B., Osteras, O., Nyberg, O., 2005. Ten years of bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) control in Norway: a cost-benefit analysis. Prev. Vet. Med., 72, 189-207.
  • Walz, P.H., Grooms, D.L., Passler, T., Ridpath, J.F., Tremblay, R., Step, D.L., Callan, R.J., Gi- vens, M.D., 2010. Control of bovine viral diarr- hea virus in ruminants. J. Vet. Intern. Med., 24, 476-486.
  • Wilke, G. I., Grummer, B., Moennig, V., 2003. Bovine viral diarrhoea eradication and control programmes in Europe, Biologicals, 31,13-118.
  • Yesilbag, K., Alpay, G., Karakuzulu, H.A., 2011. Serologic survey of viral infections in captive ungulates in turkish zoos. J. Zoo. Wildl. Med., 42,44-48.
  • Yesilbag, K., Gungor, B., 2009. Antibody preva- lence against respiratory viruses in sheep and go- ats in North-Western Turkey. Trop. Anim. Health Prod., 41, 421-425.
  • Yesilbag, K., Förster, C., Bank-Wolf, B., Yılmaz, Z., Alkan, F., Ozkul, A., Burgu, I., Rosales, S.C., Thiel, H.J., König, M., 2008. Genetic hete- rogeneity of bovine viral diarrhoeavirus (BVDV) isolates from Turkey: Identification of a new subgroup in BVDV-1. Vet. Mic.., 130, 258–267.
  • Yilmaz, H., Atan, E., Ridpath, J., Turan, N., 2012. Genetic diversity and frequency of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) detected in cattle in Turkey. Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis., 35, 411-6.
  • Zimmer, G.M., Van Maanen, C., De Goey, I., Wentink, G.H., Brinkhof, J., 2004. The effect of maternal antibodies on the detection of bovine vi- rus diarrhoea virus in peripheral blood samples. Vet. Microbiol., 100,145–149.
There are 39 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Kadir Yeşilbağ This is me

Gizem Alpay This is me

Pelin Tuncer This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 31 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yeşilbağ, K., Alpay, G., & Tuncer, P. (2012). Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol ve Eliminasyonu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 31(1), 11-17.
AMA Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Tuncer P. Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol ve Eliminasyonu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. June 2012;31(1):11-17.
Chicago Yeşilbağ, Kadir, Gizem Alpay, and Pelin Tuncer. “Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol Ve Eliminasyonu”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 31, no. 1 (June 2012): 11-17.
EndNote Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Tuncer P (June 1, 2012) Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol ve Eliminasyonu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 31 1 11–17.
IEEE K. Yeşilbağ, G. Alpay, and P. Tuncer, “Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol ve Eliminasyonu”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 11–17, 2012.
ISNAD Yeşilbağ, Kadir et al. “Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol Ve Eliminasyonu”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 31/1 (June 2012), 11-17.
JAMA Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Tuncer P. Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol ve Eliminasyonu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;31:11–17.
MLA Yeşilbağ, Kadir et al. “Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol Ve Eliminasyonu”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 31, no. 1, 2012, pp. 11-17.
Vancouver Yeşilbağ K, Alpay G, Tuncer P. Bir Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmesinde Bovine Viral Diarrhoea (BVD) Virus Enfeksiyonunun Kontrol ve Eliminasyonu. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2012;31(1):11-7.