Kardiyovasküler Düzenlemede Nükleus Traktus Solitarius'un Rolü

Year 2011, Volume: 30 Issue: 1, 53 - 58, 01.06.2011

Rüveyde Köktentürk Murat Yalçın

Abstract

Keywords

-

Kardiyovasküler Düzenlemede Nükleus Traktus Solitarius'un Rolü

Abstract

Kardiyovasküler sistem, merkezi mekanizmalar tarafından sürekli olarak düzenlenmektedir. Baro- ve kemoreseptör afferentlerinin sonlandığı yer olan nükleus traktus solitarius (NTS) kardiyovasküler düzenlemede önemli katkıları olan beyin sapındaki bir nükleustur. NTS, kardiyovasküler sistem ile ilgili aldığı uyarımları, merkezi sinir sistemindeki yine kardiyovasküler düzenlemeye karışan diğer beyin bölgelerine ileterek, o beyin bölgelerinin uyarılmasını ve inhibe edilmesini sağlar ve böylece kardiyovasküler hemostasize katkıda bulunur. Bu etkilerinde, NTS’da birçok nörotransmitter ve nöromodulatör madde rol oynamaktadır. Bu derlemede baro- ve kemoreseptörlerin alınan uyarımların ilk sinaps yaptığı beyin bölgesi olan NTS’un kardiyovasküler düzenlemedeki rolü ve bu düzenlemede aracılık yapan nörotransmitter ve nöromodülatör maddeler hakkında bilgi sunulması amaçlanmıştır

Keywords

Nükleus Traktus Solitarius, Kardiyovasküler Düzenleme, Baro- Kemoreseptör, Glutamat

References

• Antunes, F., Cadenas, E., 2000. Estimation of H2O2 gradients across biomembranes. FEBS Lett., 475: 121–126 .
• Averill, D.B., Diz, D.I., 2000.Angiotensin peptides and baroreflex control of sympathetic outflow:Pathways and mechanisms of the medulla oblongata. Brain Researc Bulletin., 51(2): 119-128.
• Bienert, G.P., Schjoerring, J.K., Jahn, T.P., 2006. Membrane transport of hydrogen peroxide. Biochim Biophys Acta., 1758: 994–1003.
• Boscan, P., Allen, A.M., Paton, J.F., 2001. Baroreflex inhibition of cardiac sympathetic outflow is attenuated by angiotensin II in the nucleus of the solitary tract. Neuroscience., 103: 153–160.
• Buijs, R.M., Van der Beek, E.M., Renaud, L.P.,
• Day, T.A., Jhamandas, J.H. 1990. Oxytocin localization and function in the A1 noradrenergic cell group: ultrastructural and electrophysiological studies. Neuroscience., 39(3): 717-725.
• Callahan, M.F., Kirby, R.F., Cunningham,J.T., et al., 1989. Central oxytocin systems may mediate a cardiovascular response to acute stress in rats. Am J Physiol., 256(5 Pt 2): H1369- H1377.
• Cardoso, L.M., Colombari, D. S.A., Menani, J. V., Toney, G.M., Chianca Jr, D. A., Colombari E., 2009. Cardiovascular responses to hydrogen peroxide into the nucleus tractus solitarius. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol., 297: R462– R469.
• Casto, R., Phillips, M.I., 1986. Angiotensin II attenuates baroreflexes at nucleus tractus solitarius of rats. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol., 250: R193–R198.
• Colombari, E., Sato, M.A., Cravo, S.L., Bergamaschi, C.T., Campos, R.R., Lopes, O.U., 2001. Role of Medulla Oblongata in hypertension. Hypertension., 38: 549-561.
• Conte, M.R., 2003. Gender differences in the neurohumoral control of the cardiovascular system. Italian Heart Journal: OfficialJournal of the Italian Federation of Cardiology., 4 (6): 367- 370.
• Dampney, R.A.L., Coleman, M.J., Fontes, M.A.P., Hirooka, Y., Horiuchi, J., Polson, J.W., Potts, P.D., Tagawa, T., 2001. Central mechanisms underlying short-term and long-term regulation of thecardiovascular system. Proceedings of the Australian Physiological and Pharmacological Society., 32 (1): 111.
• Harada, S., Tokunaga, S., Momohara, M., Masaki, H., Tagawa, T., Imaizumi, T., Tcakeshita, A., 1993. Inhibition of nitric oxide formation in the nucleus tractus solitarius increases renal sympathetic nerve activity in rabbits. Circ. Res., 72, 511-516.
• Higa, K.T., Mori, E., Viana, F.F., Morris, M., Michelini, L.C., 2002. Baroreflex control of heart rate by oxytocin in the solitaryvagal complex. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol., 282(2): R537-R545.
• King, M.S., 2007. The Role of the Nucleus of the Solitary Tract in Gustatory Processing. In: Bradley RM Editor, Chapter 2, PRC Press Boca Raton, FL, USA.
• Kiss, A., Mikkelsen, J.D., 2005. Oxytocin- anatomy and functional assignments: a minireview. Endocr Regul., 39(3):97-105.
• Li-Hsien, L., 2009. Glutamatergic neurons say NO in the nucleus tractus solitarii. J Chem Neuroanat., Nov;38(3):154-65.
• Machado, B.H., Bonagamba, L.G.H., 1992. Microinjection of S-nitrosocysteine into the nucleus tractus solitarii of conscious rats decreases arterial pressure but Lglutamate does not. Eur. J. Pharmacol., 221, 179–182.
• Maier, T., Dai, W.J., Csikos, T., Jirikowski, G.F., Unger, T., Culman, J., 1998. Oxytocin pathways mediate the cardiovascular and behavioral responses to substance P in the rat brain. Hypertension., 31(1 Pt 2): 480-486.
• Matsuguchi, H., Sharabi, F.M., Gordon, F.J., Johnson, A.K., Schmid, P.G., 1982. Blood pressure and heart rate responses to microinjection of vasopressin into the nucleus tractus solitarius region of the rat. Neuropharmacology, 21: 687-693.
• Matsumura, K., Takuya T., Shuntaro, K., Isao,A., Masatoshi, F., 1999. Subtypes of metabotropic glutamate receptors in the nucleus of the solitary tract of rats. Brain Research ., 842, 461–468
• Michelini, L.C., 2007. Differential effects of vasopressinergic and oxytocinergic pre- autonomic neurons on circulatory control: reflex mechanisms and changes during exercise. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol., 34(4): 369-376.
• Michelini, L.C., Marcelo, M.C., Amico,J., Morris, M., 2003. Oxytocinergic regulation of cardiovascular function: studies in oxytocin- deficient mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol., 284(6): H2269-H2276.
• Miura, M., Reis D.J., 1969. Terminations and secondary projections of carotid sinus nerve in the cat brain stem. American J Physiology., 217:142-153.
• Morris, M., Callahan, M.F., Li P., Lucion, A.B., 1995. Central oxytocin mediates stress-induced tachycardia. J Neuroendocrinol., 7(6): 455-459.
• Olufsen, M., Tran, H., Ottesen, J., 2004. Modeling cerebral blood flow control during posture change from sitting to standing. Cardiovascular Engineering., 4 (1): 47-58.
• Ogawa, H., Mizusawa, A., Kikuchi, Y., Hida, W.,Miki, H., Shirato, K., 1995. Nitric oxide as a retrograde messenger in the nucleus tractus solitarii of rats during hypoxia. J. Physio.,. (Lond.) 486, 495–504.
• Petty, MA., Lang, RE., Unger, T., 1984. Differential effects of vasopressin (AVP) and oxytocin (OXT) on the baroreceptor reflex in conscious rats. Clin Exp Hypertens., 6(10-11): 1943-1946.
• Pilowsky, PM, Goodchild, AK., 2002. Baroreceptor reflex pathways and neurotransmitters: 10 years on. J Hypertens., 20: 1675–1688.
• Polson, J. W., Dampney, R. A. L., Boscan, P., Pickering, A. E., Paton, J. F. R. 2007. Differential baroreflex control of sympathetic drive by angiotensin II in the nucleus tractus solitarii. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 293: R1954–R1960.
• Rinaman, L., 1998. Oxytocinergic inputs to the nucleus of the solitary tract and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus in neonatal rats. J Comp Neurol., 399(1): 101-109.
• Rogers, R.C., Hermann, G.E., 1985. Dorsal medullary oxytocin, vasopressin, oxytocin anta- gonist, and TRH effects on gastric acid secretion and heart rate. Peptides., 6(6): 1143-1148.
• Spyer, K.M., 1981.Neural organization and control of the baroreceptor reflex. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, 88: 23-4.
• Spyer, K.M., 1990. The central organization of reflex circulatory control. Central Regulation of Autonomic Functions New York: Oxford University PressLoewy D., 168-8
• Spyer, K.M., 1992. Central nervous control of the cardiovascular system. Autonomic Failure Oxford-New York-Tokyo: Oxford University PressBannister R, Mathias C., 54-77.
• Strahlendorf, J.C., Strahlendorf, H.K., 1980. Brain stem and cerebellar mechanisms of cardiovascular control. Neural Control of Circulation New York: Academic PressHughes MJ, Barnes CD, 23-50
• Sved, A. F., Ito, S., 1999. Pharmacological profi- le of the depressor response elicited by injection of SarThran into the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla. FASEB J., 13:A213.
• Talman,W.T., Granata,A.R., Reis, D.J., 1984. Glutamatergic mechanisms in the nucleus tractus solitarius in blood pressure control. Fed. Proc., 43(1):39-44.
• Vela, C., Diaz-Cabiale, Z., Parrado C., Narvaez, M., Covenas, R., Narvaez, J.A., 2010. Involvement of Oxytocin in tha Nucleus Tractus Solitarii on Central Carduovascular Control: Interactions with Glutamate. Journal of Physiology and PharmaCcolOogy, 61, 1, 59-65
• Verbalis, JG., 1999. The brain oxytocin receptor(s). Front Neuroendocrinol., 20(2): 146- 156.
• Yalcin, M., Savcı, V., 2004. Restoration of blood pressure by centrally injected U-46619, athromboxane A(2) analog, in hermorrhaged hypotensive rats: investigation of different brain areas. Pharmacology, 70(4):177-87.
• Young, WS., Gainer, H., 2003. Transgenesis and the study of expression, cellular targeting and function of oxytocin, vasopressin and their receptors. Neuroendocrinology.,78(4): 185-203.
• Zanutto, B.S., Valentinuzzi, M.E., Segura, E.T., 2010. Neural set point for the control of arterial pressure: role of the nucleus tractus solitarius. Zanutto et al. BioMedical Engineering OnLine., 9-4.
• Wsol, A., Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska, A., Szczepanska-Sadowska, E., Kowalewski, S., Puchalska, L., 2008. Oxytocin in the cardiovascular responses to stress. J Physiol Pharmacol., 59: 123-127.