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Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 61 - 68, 01.06.2010

Metin Petek Justin Lee Mckınstry

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • Abrahamsson, P., Tauson, R,, Elwinger, K., 1996. Effects on production, health and egg qual- ity of varying proportions of wheat and barley in diets for two hybrids of laying hens kept in dif- ferent housing systems. Acta Agriculture Scandi- navia Section A Animal Science 46, 173-182.
  • Anonymous, 2009. White brown-egg layer prov- ing popular with free-range farmers. Farmers Weekly Interactive, 18/02.
  • Appleby, M.C., Duncan, I.J.H., McRae, H.E., 1988. Perching and floor laying by domestic hens-experimental results and their commercial application. Br. Poult. Sci. 29, 351–357.
  • Bestman, M.W.P., Wagenaar, J.P., 2003. Farm level factors associated with feather pecking in organic laying hens. Livestock Prod. Sci. 80, 133- 140.
  • Bilcik, B., Keeling, B., 1999. Changes in feather condition in relation to feather pecking and ag- gressive behaviour in laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 40, 444–451.
  • Blokhuis, H.J., Arkes, J.G., 1984. Some observa- tions on the development of feather-pecking in poultry. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 12, 145–157.
  • Blokhuis, H.J., 1986. Feather-pecking in poultry: its relation with ground-pecking. Appl. Anim. Be- hav. Sci. 16, 63–67.
  • Blokhuis, H.J., 1989. The effect of a sudden change in floor type on pecking behaviour in chicks. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 22, 65–73.
  • Blokhuis, H.J., van der Haar, J.W., 1992. Effects of pecking incentives during rearing on feather pecking of laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 33, 17–24.
  • Bright, A., Jones, T.A., Dawkins, M.S., 2006. A non-intrusive method of assessing plumage con- dition in commercial flocks of laying hens. Spring Meeting-WPSA,UK.
  • Bright, A. 2007. Plumage colour and feather pecking in laying hens, a chicken perspective? British Poultry Science 48, 3, 253-263
  • D'Eath, R.B., Keeling, L.J., 2003. Social dis- crimination and aggression by laying hens in large groups: from peck orders to social toler- ance. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 84, 197-212.
  • Defra, 2005. A guide to the practical manage- ment of feather pecking & cannibalism in free range laying hens, UK.
  • Dixon, G. Nicol, C.J., 2008. The effect of diet change on the behaviour of layer pullets. Anim. Welfare. 17, 101-109.
  • EC Council Directive 1999/74/EC of 19 July 1999 laying down minimum standards for the protection of laying hens [Official Journal L 203 of 3 August 1999.
  • FAWC, 2007. Opinion on beak trimming of laying hens. November, London, UK.
  • Gentle, M.J., Hunter, L.N., 1990. Physiological and behavioural responses associated with feather removal in Gallus Gallus var domesticus. Res. Vet. Sci. 50, 95-101.
  • Green, L. E., Lewis, K., Kimpton, A., Nicol, C. J., 2000. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of feather pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its associations with management and disease. Vet. Record. 147, 233-238.
  • Hetland, H., Choct, M., Svihus, B., 2004. Role of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides in poultry. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 60,415-422.
  • Huber-Eicher, B.,Wechsler, B., 1997. Feather pecking in domestic chicks: its relation to dust- bathing and foraging. Anim. Behav. 54, 757–768.
  • Huber-Eicher, B., Wechsler, B., 1998. The effect of quality and availability of foraging materials on feather pecking in laying hen chicks. Anim. Behav. 55, 861–873.
  • Huber-Eicher, B. Sebo, F., 2001. The Prevalence of feather pecking and development in commer- cial flocks of laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 74, 223-231.
  • Jensen,A.B.,Palme,R.,Forkman,B., 2006. Effect of brooders on feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl(Gallus Gallus domesti- cus).Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.99,287-300.
  • Johnsen, P.E., Vestergaard, K.S., Norgaard Niel- sen, G. 1998. Influence of early rearing condi- tions on the development of feather pecking and canibalism in the domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Be- hav. Sci. 60, 25-41.
  • Kjaer, J.B., Vestergaard, K.S., 1999. Develop- ment of feather pecking in relation to light inten- sity. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 62, 243–254.
  • Kjaer, J.B., Sorensen, P., 2002. Feather pecking and cannibalism in free-range laying hens as af- fected by genotype, dietary level of methionine plus cystine, light intensity during rearing and age at first access to the range area. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 76, 21-39.
  • Lampton, S.L., Knowles, T.G., Yorke, C., Nicol, C.J., 2010. The risk factors affecting the devel- opment of gentle and severe feather pecking in loose housed laying hens. Appl.Anim.Behav. Sci., 123:32-42.
  • Lindberg, A.C., Nicol, C.J., 1994. An evaluation of the effect of operant feeders on welfare of hens maintained on litter. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 41, 211-227.
  • McAdie, T.M., Keeling, L.J., 2000. Effect of manipulating feathers of laying hens on the inci- dence of feather pecking and cannibalism. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 68, 215-229.
  • McAdie, T.M., Keeling, L.J., Blokhuis, H.J, Jones, R.B., 2005. Reduction in feather pecking and improvement of feather condition with the presentation of a string device to chickens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 93, 67-80.
  • Morris, H.J., 2007. Environmental Management of Injurious Pecking in Turkeys. PhD Thesis in Clinical Veterinary Science, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Science, Bristol University, UK.
  • Nicol, C.J., Gregory, N.G., Knowles, T.G., Parkman, I.D., Wilkins, L.J., 1999. Differential effects of increased stocking density, mediated by increased flock size, on feather pecking and ag- gression in laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 65, 137–152.
  • Nicol, C.J., Pötzsch, C., Lewis, K., Gren, L.E., 2003. Matched concurrent case-control study of risk factors for feather pecking in hens on free- range commercial farms in the UK. Br. Poult. Sci. 44, 515-523.
  • Picket H (2008) Controlling Feather Pecking & Cannibalism In Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming. A Compassion in World Farming Re- port. July 2008 Registered Charity No. 1095050 www.rufford.
  • Pötzsch, C., Lewis, K., Nicol, C.J., Gren, L.E., 2001.A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of vent pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its associations with feather pecking, man- agement and disease. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 74, 259-272.
  • Rodenburg, T.B., van Hierden, Y.M., Buitenhuis, A.J., Riedstra, B., Koene, P., Korte, S.M., van der Poel, J.J., Groothuis, T.G.G., Blokhuis, H., 2004. Feather pecking in laying hens: new insights and directions for research? Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 86, 291–298.
  • SAC 2003. Organic farming technical summary. OFT 35.
  • Savory, C. J. 1995. Feather pecking and cannibal- ism. Worlds Poult Sci. J. 51, 215-219.
  • Savory, C.J., Mann, J.S., 1997. Behavioural de- velopment in groups of pen-housed pullets in re- lation to genetic strain, age and food form. Br. Poult. Sci. 38, 38–47.
  • Sedlackova, M., Bilcik, B., Kostal, L. 2004. Feather pecking in laying hens: environmental and endogenous factors. Acta Vet. Brno. 73, 521- 531.
  • Sorensen, P. Christensen, L. G. (1997) Laying hens may have lost important genes. Animal Ge- netic Resources Information. 1997. No. 21, 81.
  • Su, G,. Kjaer, J.B., Sorensen, P. 2005. Variance components and selection response for feather- pecking behavior in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 84, 14-21.
  • Tauson, R., Kjaer, J., Maria, G.A., Cepero, R., Holm, K.E. 2005. Applied scoring of integument and health in laying hens. On internet basis homepage http://www.laywel.eu/web/pdf/deliverables%203 1-33%20health.pdf. adres:
  • Van Krimpen, M.M., Kwakkel, R.P., Reu- vekamp, B.F.J., Van Der Peet-Schweing, C.M.C., Den Hartog, L.A., Verstegen, M.W.A. 2005. Im- pact of feeding management on feather pecking in laying hens. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 61, 663- 685.
  • Vestergaard, K.S., Kruijt, J.P., Hogan, J.A., 1993. Feather pecking and chronic fear in groups of red junglefowl: their relation to dustbathing, rearing environment and social status. Anim. Behav. 45, 1127–1140.
  • Zeltner, E., Hirt, H., 2003. Effect of artificial structuring on the use of laying hen runs in a free-range system. Br. Poult. Sci. 44, 533-537.

Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming

Yıl 2010, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1, 61 - 68, 01.06.2010

Metin Petek Justin Lee Mckınstry

Öz

Yumurtacı tavuklarda tüyler, kloaka ve kanibalistik gagalama ile kuyruk tüyü çekme davranışlarını tanımlamak için kullanılan yaralayıcı gagalamaların şiddeti çok hafif birkaç tüy çekiminden kanibalizm ve ölüme yol açacak kadar önemli olabilir. Kafeste yetiştirilen tavuklarda görülse de, kanibalizm ve buna bağlı ölümler derin altlık, ızgara altlık gibi kapalı sistemler ile kuşluklu ve serbest dolaşımlı-free range gibi alternatif sistemlerde daha fazla karşılaşılmaktadır. Kötü huylu yaralayıcı gagalama davranışları acı, ağrı, stres ve yaralanmalara yol açıp hastalıklara yakalanma riskini artırmaktadır. Aynı zamanda yumurta verimi ve yemden yararlanma yeteneğini düşürdüğünden yaralayıcı gagalamalar hayvan refahı ve üretim ekonomisini olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Günümüz yumurta üretiminde tavuklarda tüy çekme ve gagalamayı önlemek için gaga kesimi ve düşük aydınlatma yoğunluğu yaygın olarak kullanılsa da her iki yöntemde hayvan refahına uygun olmadıkları için eleştirilmektedir. Gaga kesimi bazı Avrupa ülkelerinde hali hazırda yasak olup, diğerlerinde ise 2011 yılında yasaklanması beklenmektedir. Gaga kesimi yasağı ve 2012 yılında başlayacak kafeste yumurta üretimi yasağı ile birlikte tavukçulukta yaralayıcı tüy çekme ve kanibalizm vakalarında önemli bir artış beklenmektedir. Bundan dolayı tavuklarda yaralayıcı gagalama vakalarını önlemek acilen alternatif yöntemlerin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yaralayıcı gagalamalar risk faktörleri önleyici tedbirler yumurtacı tavuk

Kaynakça

  • Abrahamsson, P., Tauson, R,, Elwinger, K., 1996. Effects on production, health and egg qual- ity of varying proportions of wheat and barley in diets for two hybrids of laying hens kept in dif- ferent housing systems. Acta Agriculture Scandi- navia Section A Animal Science 46, 173-182.
  • Anonymous, 2009. White brown-egg layer prov- ing popular with free-range farmers. Farmers Weekly Interactive, 18/02.
  • Appleby, M.C., Duncan, I.J.H., McRae, H.E., 1988. Perching and floor laying by domestic hens-experimental results and their commercial application. Br. Poult. Sci. 29, 351–357.
  • Bestman, M.W.P., Wagenaar, J.P., 2003. Farm level factors associated with feather pecking in organic laying hens. Livestock Prod. Sci. 80, 133- 140.
  • Bilcik, B., Keeling, B., 1999. Changes in feather condition in relation to feather pecking and ag- gressive behaviour in laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 40, 444–451.
  • Blokhuis, H.J., Arkes, J.G., 1984. Some observa- tions on the development of feather-pecking in poultry. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 12, 145–157.
  • Blokhuis, H.J., 1986. Feather-pecking in poultry: its relation with ground-pecking. Appl. Anim. Be- hav. Sci. 16, 63–67.
  • Blokhuis, H.J., 1989. The effect of a sudden change in floor type on pecking behaviour in chicks. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 22, 65–73.
  • Blokhuis, H.J., van der Haar, J.W., 1992. Effects of pecking incentives during rearing on feather pecking of laying hens. Br. Poult. Sci. 33, 17–24.
  • Bright, A., Jones, T.A., Dawkins, M.S., 2006. A non-intrusive method of assessing plumage con- dition in commercial flocks of laying hens. Spring Meeting-WPSA,UK.
  • Bright, A. 2007. Plumage colour and feather pecking in laying hens, a chicken perspective? British Poultry Science 48, 3, 253-263
  • D'Eath, R.B., Keeling, L.J., 2003. Social dis- crimination and aggression by laying hens in large groups: from peck orders to social toler- ance. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 84, 197-212.
  • Defra, 2005. A guide to the practical manage- ment of feather pecking & cannibalism in free range laying hens, UK.
  • Dixon, G. Nicol, C.J., 2008. The effect of diet change on the behaviour of layer pullets. Anim. Welfare. 17, 101-109.
  • EC Council Directive 1999/74/EC of 19 July 1999 laying down minimum standards for the protection of laying hens [Official Journal L 203 of 3 August 1999.
  • FAWC, 2007. Opinion on beak trimming of laying hens. November, London, UK.
  • Gentle, M.J., Hunter, L.N., 1990. Physiological and behavioural responses associated with feather removal in Gallus Gallus var domesticus. Res. Vet. Sci. 50, 95-101.
  • Green, L. E., Lewis, K., Kimpton, A., Nicol, C. J., 2000. Cross-sectional study of the prevalence of feather pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its associations with management and disease. Vet. Record. 147, 233-238.
  • Hetland, H., Choct, M., Svihus, B., 2004. Role of insoluble non-starch polysaccharides in poultry. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 60,415-422.
  • Huber-Eicher, B.,Wechsler, B., 1997. Feather pecking in domestic chicks: its relation to dust- bathing and foraging. Anim. Behav. 54, 757–768.
  • Huber-Eicher, B., Wechsler, B., 1998. The effect of quality and availability of foraging materials on feather pecking in laying hen chicks. Anim. Behav. 55, 861–873.
  • Huber-Eicher, B. Sebo, F., 2001. The Prevalence of feather pecking and development in commer- cial flocks of laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 74, 223-231.
  • Jensen,A.B.,Palme,R.,Forkman,B., 2006. Effect of brooders on feather pecking and cannibalism in domestic fowl(Gallus Gallus domesti- cus).Appl.Anim.Behav.Sci.99,287-300.
  • Johnsen, P.E., Vestergaard, K.S., Norgaard Niel- sen, G. 1998. Influence of early rearing condi- tions on the development of feather pecking and canibalism in the domestic fowl. Appl. Anim. Be- hav. Sci. 60, 25-41.
  • Kjaer, J.B., Vestergaard, K.S., 1999. Develop- ment of feather pecking in relation to light inten- sity. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 62, 243–254.
  • Kjaer, J.B., Sorensen, P., 2002. Feather pecking and cannibalism in free-range laying hens as af- fected by genotype, dietary level of methionine plus cystine, light intensity during rearing and age at first access to the range area. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 76, 21-39.
  • Lampton, S.L., Knowles, T.G., Yorke, C., Nicol, C.J., 2010. The risk factors affecting the devel- opment of gentle and severe feather pecking in loose housed laying hens. Appl.Anim.Behav. Sci., 123:32-42.
  • Lindberg, A.C., Nicol, C.J., 1994. An evaluation of the effect of operant feeders on welfare of hens maintained on litter. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 41, 211-227.
  • McAdie, T.M., Keeling, L.J., 2000. Effect of manipulating feathers of laying hens on the inci- dence of feather pecking and cannibalism. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 68, 215-229.
  • McAdie, T.M., Keeling, L.J., Blokhuis, H.J, Jones, R.B., 2005. Reduction in feather pecking and improvement of feather condition with the presentation of a string device to chickens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 93, 67-80.
  • Morris, H.J., 2007. Environmental Management of Injurious Pecking in Turkeys. PhD Thesis in Clinical Veterinary Science, Faculty of Medicine and Veterinary Science, Bristol University, UK.
  • Nicol, C.J., Gregory, N.G., Knowles, T.G., Parkman, I.D., Wilkins, L.J., 1999. Differential effects of increased stocking density, mediated by increased flock size, on feather pecking and ag- gression in laying hens. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 65, 137–152.
  • Nicol, C.J., Pötzsch, C., Lewis, K., Gren, L.E., 2003. Matched concurrent case-control study of risk factors for feather pecking in hens on free- range commercial farms in the UK. Br. Poult. Sci. 44, 515-523.
  • Picket H (2008) Controlling Feather Pecking & Cannibalism In Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming. A Compassion in World Farming Re- port. July 2008 Registered Charity No. 1095050 www.rufford.
  • Pötzsch, C., Lewis, K., Nicol, C.J., Gren, L.E., 2001.A cross-sectional study of the prevalence of vent pecking in laying hens in alternative systems and its associations with feather pecking, man- agement and disease. Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 74, 259-272.
  • Rodenburg, T.B., van Hierden, Y.M., Buitenhuis, A.J., Riedstra, B., Koene, P., Korte, S.M., van der Poel, J.J., Groothuis, T.G.G., Blokhuis, H., 2004. Feather pecking in laying hens: new insights and directions for research? Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. 86, 291–298.
  • SAC 2003. Organic farming technical summary. OFT 35.
  • Savory, C. J. 1995. Feather pecking and cannibal- ism. Worlds Poult Sci. J. 51, 215-219.
  • Savory, C.J., Mann, J.S., 1997. Behavioural de- velopment in groups of pen-housed pullets in re- lation to genetic strain, age and food form. Br. Poult. Sci. 38, 38–47.
  • Sedlackova, M., Bilcik, B., Kostal, L. 2004. Feather pecking in laying hens: environmental and endogenous factors. Acta Vet. Brno. 73, 521- 531.
  • Sorensen, P. Christensen, L. G. (1997) Laying hens may have lost important genes. Animal Ge- netic Resources Information. 1997. No. 21, 81.
  • Su, G,. Kjaer, J.B., Sorensen, P. 2005. Variance components and selection response for feather- pecking behavior in laying hens. Poult. Sci. 84, 14-21.
  • Tauson, R., Kjaer, J., Maria, G.A., Cepero, R., Holm, K.E. 2005. Applied scoring of integument and health in laying hens. On internet basis homepage http://www.laywel.eu/web/pdf/deliverables%203 1-33%20health.pdf. adres:
  • Van Krimpen, M.M., Kwakkel, R.P., Reu- vekamp, B.F.J., Van Der Peet-Schweing, C.M.C., Den Hartog, L.A., Verstegen, M.W.A. 2005. Im- pact of feeding management on feather pecking in laying hens. World’s Poult. Sci. J. 61, 663- 685.
  • Vestergaard, K.S., Kruijt, J.P., Hogan, J.A., 1993. Feather pecking and chronic fear in groups of red junglefowl: their relation to dustbathing, rearing environment and social status. Anim. Behav. 45, 1127–1140.
  • Zeltner, E., Hirt, H., 2003. Effect of artificial structuring on the use of laying hen runs in a free-range system. Br. Poult. Sci. 44, 533-537.
Toplam 46 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Metin Petek Bu kişi benim

Justin Lee Mckınstry Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Haziran 2010
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2010 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Petek, M., & Mckınstry, J. L. (2010). Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 29(1), 61-68.
AMA Petek M, Mckınstry JL. Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. Haziran 2010;29(1):61-68.
Chicago Petek, Metin, ve Justin Lee Mckınstry. “Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking N Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 29, sy. 1 (Haziran 2010): 61-68.
EndNote Petek M, Mckınstry JL (01 Haziran 2010) Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 29 1 61–68.
IEEE M. Petek ve J. L. Mckınstry, “Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 29, sy. 1, ss. 61–68, 2010.
ISNAD Petek, Metin - Mckınstry, Justin Lee. “Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking N Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 29/1 (Haziran 2010), 61-68.
JAMA Petek M, Mckınstry JL. Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010;29:61–68.
MLA Petek, Metin ve Justin Lee Mckınstry. “Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking N Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, c. 29, sy. 1, 2010, ss. 61-68.
Vancouver Petek M, Mckınstry JL. Reducing The Prevalence And Severity Of Injurious Pecking n Laying Hens Without Beak Trimming. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2010;29(1):61-8.