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Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri)

Year 2007, Volume: 26 Issue: 1-2, 7 - 10, 01.06.2007

Murat Cengiz H.hüseyin Oruç İlknur Uzunoğlu Songül Sonal

Abstract

Keywords

-

References

  • ABRAMSON D, RICHTER W, RINTELEN J, SINHA RN, SCHUSTER M. Ochratoxin A pro- duction in Bavarian cereal grains stored at 15 and 19 % moisture content. Arch. Environ. Con. Tox. 1992; 23:259-265.
  • AL-ANATI L, PETZINGER E. Immunotoxic activity of ochratoxin A. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 2006; 29:79-90.
  • AZIZ N H, MOUSSA LA. Influence of white light, near-UV irradiation and other environ- mental conditions on production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus flavus and ochratoxin A by Asper- gillus ochraceus. Nahrung 1997; 41:150-154.
  • BAYDAR T, ENGIN AB, GIRGIN G, AYDIN S, SAHIN G. Aflatoxin and ochratoxin in varius types of commonly consumed retail ground sam- ples in Ankara, Turkey. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2005;12:193-197.
  • BENNETT JW, KLICH M. Mycotoxins. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2003;16:497-516.
  • CCFAC. Revised position paper on ochratoxin A. Codex Committee on Food Additives and Con- taminants (CCFAC), Thirtieth Session, Codex Alimentarius Commission, World Health Organi- zation, CX/FAC 98/16, 1997.
  • COMMISSION REGULATION (EC). No 123/2005 of 26 January 2005 amending Regula- tion (EC) No 466/2001 as regards ochratoxin A, 2005.
  • KANISAWA M, SUZUKI S, MOROI K. The mode of action of ochratoxin A in acute enteritis in rats. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 1990;10:56-63.
  • KUBENA LF, PHILLIPS TD, WITZEL DA, HEIDELBAUGH ND. Toxicity of ochratoxin A and penicillic acid to chicks. Bull. Environ. Con- tam. Toxicol. 1984; 32:711-716.
  • MAAROUFI K, ACHOUR A, BETBEDER AM, HAMMAMI M, ELLUOZ F, CREPPY EE, BACHA H. Foodstuffs and human blood con- tamination by the mycotoxin ochratoxin A: corre- lation with chronic interstitial nephropaty in Tuni- sia. Arch. Toxicol. 1995;69:522-558.
  • MARESCA M, MAHFOUD R, PFOHL- LESZKOWICZ A, FANTINI J. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A alters intestinal barrier and ab- sorbtion functions but has no effect on chloride secretion. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 2001;176:54-63.
  • PETZINGER E, ZIEGLER K. Ochratoxin A from a toxicological perspective. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 2000; 23:91-98.
  • R-BIOPHARM. RIDASCREEN® Ochratoxin A- Test kits (Art. No.: R1301), GmbH, Darmstad, Germany, 2006.
  • RINGOT D, CHANGO A, SCHNEIDER YJ, LARONDELLE Y. Toxicokinetix and toxicody- namics of ochratoxin A, an update Chem-Biol. Interact. 2006 ;159:18-46.
  • SCUDAMORE KA, BANKS J, GUY RC. Fate of ochratoxin A in the processing of whole wheat grains during extrusion. Food Addit. Contam. 2003;21:488-497.
  • SCUDAMORE KA, BANKS J. MACDONALD SJ. Fate of ochratoxin A in the processing of whole wheat grains during milling and bread pro- duction. Food Addit. Contam. 2004;20(12):1153- 1163.
  • TURKEY’S STATISTICAL YEAR BOOK. State Institute of Statistics, Prime Ministry, Republic of Turkey, ISSN0082-691X, pp. 166, 2004.
  • TURKISH FOOD CODEX. Microbial toxins
  • (Ek-1) sevk: 2003/2, cilt XXI/2, no. 2002/63, pp. 2168, Lebib Yalkin Press, Istanbul, 2003.

Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri)

Year 2007, Volume: 26 Issue: 1-2, 7 - 10, 01.06.2007

Murat Cengiz H.hüseyin Oruç İlknur Uzunoğlu Songül Sonal

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, 132 adet farklı tip un ve ekmek örneğindeki (34 beyaz un, 14 kepekli un, 10 mısır unu, 36 beyaz ekmek, 28 kepek ekmeği ve 10 mısır ekmeği) okratoksin A (OTA) düzeyleri belirlenmiştir. Örnekler, Bursa’daki farklı fırın ve marketler ile Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinin farklı birliklerinden, Şubat 2005-Mayıs 2006 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Örneklerdeki OTA düzeyleri ELISA tekniği ile tespit edilmiştir. Örnekler arasında en yüksek değer 9.30 µg/kg olarak kepek ununda saptanmıştır. Örneklerin %83’nde (110 örnek) OTA tespit edilmiş ve %70’nde (92 örnek) toksin düzeylerinin tolerans limitinin (3 µg/kg) üzerinde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Un ve ekmek örneklerinde tespit edilen OTA miktarları, halk sağlı açısından risk oluşturabilecek düzeylerdedir

Keywords

Okratoksin A Un Ekmek

References

  • ABRAMSON D, RICHTER W, RINTELEN J, SINHA RN, SCHUSTER M. Ochratoxin A pro- duction in Bavarian cereal grains stored at 15 and 19 % moisture content. Arch. Environ. Con. Tox. 1992; 23:259-265.
  • AL-ANATI L, PETZINGER E. Immunotoxic activity of ochratoxin A. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 2006; 29:79-90.
  • AZIZ N H, MOUSSA LA. Influence of white light, near-UV irradiation and other environ- mental conditions on production of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus flavus and ochratoxin A by Asper- gillus ochraceus. Nahrung 1997; 41:150-154.
  • BAYDAR T, ENGIN AB, GIRGIN G, AYDIN S, SAHIN G. Aflatoxin and ochratoxin in varius types of commonly consumed retail ground sam- ples in Ankara, Turkey. Ann. Agric. Environ. Med. 2005;12:193-197.
  • BENNETT JW, KLICH M. Mycotoxins. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2003;16:497-516.
  • CCFAC. Revised position paper on ochratoxin A. Codex Committee on Food Additives and Con- taminants (CCFAC), Thirtieth Session, Codex Alimentarius Commission, World Health Organi- zation, CX/FAC 98/16, 1997.
  • COMMISSION REGULATION (EC). No 123/2005 of 26 January 2005 amending Regula- tion (EC) No 466/2001 as regards ochratoxin A, 2005.
  • KANISAWA M, SUZUKI S, MOROI K. The mode of action of ochratoxin A in acute enteritis in rats. J. Environ. Pathol. Toxicol. Oncol. 1990;10:56-63.
  • KUBENA LF, PHILLIPS TD, WITZEL DA, HEIDELBAUGH ND. Toxicity of ochratoxin A and penicillic acid to chicks. Bull. Environ. Con- tam. Toxicol. 1984; 32:711-716.
  • MAAROUFI K, ACHOUR A, BETBEDER AM, HAMMAMI M, ELLUOZ F, CREPPY EE, BACHA H. Foodstuffs and human blood con- tamination by the mycotoxin ochratoxin A: corre- lation with chronic interstitial nephropaty in Tuni- sia. Arch. Toxicol. 1995;69:522-558.
  • MARESCA M, MAHFOUD R, PFOHL- LESZKOWICZ A, FANTINI J. The mycotoxin ochratoxin A alters intestinal barrier and ab- sorbtion functions but has no effect on chloride secretion. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 2001;176:54-63.
  • PETZINGER E, ZIEGLER K. Ochratoxin A from a toxicological perspective. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 2000; 23:91-98.
  • R-BIOPHARM. RIDASCREEN® Ochratoxin A- Test kits (Art. No.: R1301), GmbH, Darmstad, Germany, 2006.
  • RINGOT D, CHANGO A, SCHNEIDER YJ, LARONDELLE Y. Toxicokinetix and toxicody- namics of ochratoxin A, an update Chem-Biol. Interact. 2006 ;159:18-46.
  • SCUDAMORE KA, BANKS J, GUY RC. Fate of ochratoxin A in the processing of whole wheat grains during extrusion. Food Addit. Contam. 2003;21:488-497.
  • SCUDAMORE KA, BANKS J. MACDONALD SJ. Fate of ochratoxin A in the processing of whole wheat grains during milling and bread pro- duction. Food Addit. Contam. 2004;20(12):1153- 1163.
  • TURKEY’S STATISTICAL YEAR BOOK. State Institute of Statistics, Prime Ministry, Republic of Turkey, ISSN0082-691X, pp. 166, 2004.
  • TURKISH FOOD CODEX. Microbial toxins
  • (Ek-1) sevk: 2003/2, cilt XXI/2, no. 2002/63, pp. 2168, Lebib Yalkin Press, Istanbul, 2003.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Murat Cengiz This is me

H.hüseyin Oruç This is me

İlknur Uzunoğlu This is me

Songül Sonal This is me

Publication Date June 1, 2007
Published in Issue Year 2007 Volume: 26 Issue: 1-2

Cite

APA Cengiz, M., Oruç, H., Uzunoğlu, İ., Sonal, S. (2007). Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri). Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 26(1-2), 7-10.
AMA Cengiz M, Oruç H, Uzunoğlu İ, Sonal S. Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri). Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. June 2007;26(1-2):7-10.
Chicago Cengiz, Murat, H.hüseyin Oruç, İlknur Uzunoğlu, and Songül Sonal. “Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek Ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri)”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 26, no. 1-2 (June 2007): 7-10.
EndNote Cengiz M, Oruç H, Uzunoğlu İ, Sonal S (June 1, 2007) Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri). Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 26 1-2 7–10.
IEEE M. Cengiz, H. Oruç, İ. Uzunoğlu, and S. Sonal, “Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri)”, Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 1-2, pp. 7–10, 2007.
ISNAD Cengiz, Murat et al. “Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek Ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri)”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 26/1-2 (June 2007), 7-10.
JAMA Cengiz M, Oruç H, Uzunoğlu İ, Sonal S. Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri). Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2007;26:7–10.
MLA Cengiz, Murat et al. “Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek Ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri)”. Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 1-2, 2007, pp. 7-10.
Vancouver Cengiz M, Oruç H, Uzunoğlu İ, Sonal S. Ochratoxin a Levels in Different Types of Bread and Flour (Farklı Tip Ekmek ve Unlarda Okaratoksin A Düzeyleri). Uludağ Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi. 2007;26(1-2):7-10.