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THE OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLANGES OF COMMONS-BASED PEER PRODUCTION

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 100 - 117, 31.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.54961/uobild.1138051

Abstract

This article examines the opportunities and challanges of commons-based peer production. While this model emerged among hacker communities as a result of the development of the internet, on the other hand, the internet became widespread thanks to the products developed by volunteers. The article addresses the use and exchange values of products developed through digital commons and peer production. It is claimed that capitalism today creates a new hyper-exploitation system by using voluntary labor. In particular, due to the blurring of the boundaries between work time and free time, the products developed by volunteers in their spare time are used by technology cartels to create value in the market. The seizure of this produced value by cartels is not considered as exploitation by some researchers. This article discusses why this process should be characterized as hyperexploitation. In addition, the structure of online communities and the difficulties that community members face in decision-making processes are expressed.

References

  • Aliskan, Y. (2021). Free and open hardware: a critical and tematic analysis of free and open hardware communities RepRap and Arduino. Doctoral thesis (PhD), University of Sussex.
  • Bauwens, M. (2009). ‘Class and capital in peer production’, Capital & Class, 33(1), 121-141.
  • Bell, D. (1999) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. New York: Basic Books.
  • Benkler, Y. (2006). The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. United States: Yale University Press.
  • Cambridge Dictionary (2022) Meritocracy. Erişim: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/meritocracy Castells, M. (2013) Communication power. 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Debian Voting Information. (2022). Erişim: https://www.debian.org/vote/
  • Drahos, P. and Braithwaite, J. (2002). Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? Ebbw Vale: Earthscan Publications.
  • Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital Labour and Karl Marx. London: Routledge.
  • Galloway, A.R. (2004). Protocol: How control exists after decentralization. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Hardt, M. & Negri, A. (2017). Assembly. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2015). Neoliberalizmin Kısa Tarihi. (A. Onacak, Çev.) İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Harvey, D. (2017). Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason. London: Profile Books.
  • Hesmondhalgh, D. (2010). ‘User-Generated Content, Free Labour and the Cultural Industries’, Ephemera, 10, (3/4), 267-284.
  • Mackie, K. (2018, 17 Eylül). Microsoft's Open Source Journey: From Calling It a 'Cancer' to Buying GitHub. Visual Studio Magazine. [Online] Available at: https://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2018/09/17/microsoft-open-source.aspx
  • Marks, K. & Engels, F. (2016). Komünist Manifesto. (N. Satlıgan, Çev.) 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Marks, K. (2017). Gotha ve Enfurt Programları Üzerine. (E. Özalp, Çev.) İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Marks, K. (2015). Kapital: Ekonomi Politiğin Eleştirisi. (M. Selik & N. Satlıgan, Çev.) İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Raymond, E. S. (2001). The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. O’Reilly: Cambridge.
  • Stallman, R. M. (2002). Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman. Boston: GNU Press.
  • Still, J. (2021, 18 Eylül). What is open-source software? Understanding the non- proprietary software that allows you to modify its code. Bussinessinsider. Erişim:https://bussinessinsider.com/what-is-open-source-software
  • Wenger-¬Trayner, E. and Wenger-¬Trayner, B. (2015, 26 Mayıs). Introduction to Communities of Practice: A brief overview of the concept and its uses. Wenger Trayner. Erişim: https://wenger-trayner.com/introduction-to-communities-of-practice/ (Accessed: 2 December 2020).
  • Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society. New York: Oxford University Press.

MÜŞTEREĞE DAYALI EŞ ÜRETİMİN (COMMONS-BASED PEER PRODUCTION) OLANAKLARI VE ZORLUKLARI

Year 2022, Volume: 22 Issue: 1, 100 - 117, 31.07.2022
https://doi.org/10.54961/uobild.1138051

Abstract

Bu makalede müştereğe dayalı eş üretim modelinin olanakları ve zorlukları sorgulanmaktadır. Bu model bir taraftan internetin gelişimi sonucunda hacker toplulukları arasında ortaya çıkarken diğer taraftan gönüllü katılımcıların ürettiği ürünler sayesinde internetin yaygınlaşması da sağlanmıştır. Makalede dijital müşterek ve eş üretim vasıtasıyla üretilen ürünlerin kullanım ve mübadele değerleri ele alınmaktadır. Kapitalizmin günümüzde gönüllü emeğini kullanarak yeni bir hiper-sömürü sistemi yarattığı öne sürülmektedir. Özellikle iş zamanı ve boş zaman arasındaki sınırların bulanıklaşması ile gönüllülerin boş zamanda ürettikleri ürünler teknoloji kartelleri tarafından pazarda değer yaratmak için kullanılmaktadır. Üretilen bu değerin patronlar tarafından el konulması kimi araştırmacılar tarafından sömürü olarak nitelendirilmemektedir. Bu makale bu sürecin neden hiper-sömürü olarak nitelendirilmesi gerektiğini tartışmaktadır. Ayrıca çevrimiçi toplulukların yapısı ve topluluk üyelerinin karar alma süreçlerinde karşılaştıkları zorluklar dile getirilmektedir.

References

  • Aliskan, Y. (2021). Free and open hardware: a critical and tematic analysis of free and open hardware communities RepRap and Arduino. Doctoral thesis (PhD), University of Sussex.
  • Bauwens, M. (2009). ‘Class and capital in peer production’, Capital & Class, 33(1), 121-141.
  • Bell, D. (1999) The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. New York: Basic Books.
  • Benkler, Y. (2006). The wealth of networks: How social production transforms markets and freedom. United States: Yale University Press.
  • Cambridge Dictionary (2022) Meritocracy. Erişim: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/meritocracy Castells, M. (2013) Communication power. 2nd edn. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
  • Debian Voting Information. (2022). Erişim: https://www.debian.org/vote/
  • Drahos, P. and Braithwaite, J. (2002). Information Feudalism: Who Owns the Knowledge Economy? Ebbw Vale: Earthscan Publications.
  • Fuchs, C. (2014). Digital Labour and Karl Marx. London: Routledge.
  • Galloway, A.R. (2004). Protocol: How control exists after decentralization. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
  • Hardt, M. & Negri, A. (2017). Assembly. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Harvey, D. (2015). Neoliberalizmin Kısa Tarihi. (A. Onacak, Çev.) İstanbul: Sel Yayıncılık.
  • Harvey, D. (2017). Marx, Capital and the Madness of Economic Reason. London: Profile Books.
  • Hesmondhalgh, D. (2010). ‘User-Generated Content, Free Labour and the Cultural Industries’, Ephemera, 10, (3/4), 267-284.
  • Mackie, K. (2018, 17 Eylül). Microsoft's Open Source Journey: From Calling It a 'Cancer' to Buying GitHub. Visual Studio Magazine. [Online] Available at: https://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2018/09/17/microsoft-open-source.aspx
  • Marks, K. & Engels, F. (2016). Komünist Manifesto. (N. Satlıgan, Çev.) 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Marks, K. (2017). Gotha ve Enfurt Programları Üzerine. (E. Özalp, Çev.) İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Marks, K. (2015). Kapital: Ekonomi Politiğin Eleştirisi. (M. Selik & N. Satlıgan, Çev.) İstanbul: Yordam Kitap.
  • Raymond, E. S. (2001). The Cathedral and the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary. O’Reilly: Cambridge.
  • Stallman, R. M. (2002). Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman. Boston: GNU Press.
  • Still, J. (2021, 18 Eylül). What is open-source software? Understanding the non- proprietary software that allows you to modify its code. Bussinessinsider. Erişim:https://bussinessinsider.com/what-is-open-source-software
  • Wenger-¬Trayner, E. and Wenger-¬Trayner, B. (2015, 26 Mayıs). Introduction to Communities of Practice: A brief overview of the concept and its uses. Wenger Trayner. Erişim: https://wenger-trayner.com/introduction-to-communities-of-practice/ (Accessed: 2 December 2020).
  • Williams, R. (1983). Keywords: A vocabulary of culture and society. New York: Oxford University Press.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Yılmaz Alışkan 0000-0002-2761-6740

Publication Date July 31, 2022
Submission Date June 29, 2022
Acceptance Date July 18, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 22 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Alışkan, Y. (2022). MÜŞTEREĞE DAYALI EŞ ÜRETİMİN (COMMONS-BASED PEER PRODUCTION) OLANAKLARI VE ZORLUKLARI. Ufkun Ötesi Bilim Dergisi, 22(1), 100-117. https://doi.org/10.54961/uobild.1138051