Surface roughness research methods in dentistry: A review article

Abstract

Providing smooth surfaces in dental practice is of great importance for the individual's oral rehabilitation and aesthetic needs. There is a direct relationship between the surface roughness of restorations and plaque retention, discoloration and aesthetics. It has been stated that when restorations have a smooth surface, plaque accumulation decreases and gingival problems, surface discoloration and patient complaints can be prevented. The purpose of this review is to give information about the importance of surface roughness and the methods of measuring surface roughness.

Keywords

• Restoration
• surface roughness
• composite resin
• dental materials

Diş hekimliğinde yüzey pürüzlülüğü araştırma yöntemleri: derleme makalesi

Abstract

Diş hekimliği pratiğinde pürüzsüz yüzeylerin sağlanması, bireyin ağız rehabilitasyonu ve estetik gereksinimler için büyük önem arz etmektedir. Restorasyonların yüzey pürüzlülüğü ile plak retansiyonu, renklenme ve estetiğin doğrudan ilişkisi vardır. Restorasyonlarda pürüzsüz bir yüzey olduğunda plak birikimi azalmakta ve dişeti sorunlarının, yüzey renklenmelerinin ve hasta şikayetlerinin de önlenebileceğini belirtilmiştir Bu derlemenin amacı, yüzey pürüzlülüğünün önemi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü ölçme yöntemleri hakkında bilgi vermektir.

Keywords

• Restorasyon
• yüzey pürüzlülüğü
• kompozit rezin
• dental materyaller

References

1. Carrillo-Marcos A, Salazar-Correa G, Castro-Ramirez L, vd. The Microhardness and Surface Roughness Assessment of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites Treated with and without the Application of an Oxygen-Inhibited Layer and a Polishing System: An In Vitro Study. Polymers (Basel). 2022;14(15). doi:10.3390/polym14153053
2. Oral F. Dental Seramiklerde Yüzey Pürüzlülüğü Surface Roughness in Dental Ceramics. ADO Klinik Bilimler Dergisi. 2022; 11(1) :103–107.
3. Yadav RD, Jindal D, Mathur R. A Comparative Analysis of Different Finishing and Polishing Devices on Nanofilled, Microfilled, and Hybrid Composite: A Scanning Electron Microscopy and Profilometric Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2016; 9(3) :201–208. doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1364
4. Nasoohi N, Hoorizad M, Tabatabaei SF. Effects of Wet and Dry Finishing and Polishing on Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Composite Resins. 2017;14(2).
5. Gönülol N, Yilmaz F. The effects of finishing and polishing techniques on surface roughness and color stability of nanocomposites. J Dent. 2012;40:64–70. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2012.07.005
6. Costa G de FA da, Fernandes ACB de CJ, Carvalho LA de O, de Andrade AC, de Assunção IV, Borges BCD. Effect of additional polishing methods on the physical surface properties of different nanocomposites: SEM and AFM study. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81(12):1467–1473. doi:10.1002/jemt.23147.
7. Avsar A, Yuzbasioglu E, Sarac D. The effect of finishing and polishing techniques on the surface roughness and the color of nanocomposite resin restorative materials. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2015;24(5):881–890. doi:10.17219/acem/23971
8. Babina K, Polyakova M, Sokhova I, Doroshina V, Arakelyan M, Novozhilova N. The effect of finishing and polishing sequences on the surface roughness of three different nanocomposites and composite/enamel and composite/cementum interfaces. Nanomaterials. 2020;10(7):1–14. doi:10.3390/nano10071339

9. Ölmez A, Kisbet S. Kompozit Rezin Restorasyonlarda Bitirme Ve Polisaj İşlemlerindeki Yeni gelişmeler.Acta Odontol Turc. 2013;30(2):115–122. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/gaziaot/issue/6536/86666.
10. Ferraris, Federico, Conti A. No Title. Int J Esthet Dent. 2014;9(1):70–89.
11. Küçükeşmen, H. Cenker, Küçükeşmen, Çiğdem, Üşümez A. Yaşlandırma prosedürünün farklı restoratif materyallerin yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkisi.Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Enstitüsü Derg. Published online 2010.
12. Erdemir U, Yildiz E, Eren MM, Ozsoy A, Topcu FT. Effects of polishing systems on the surface roughness of tooth-colored materials. J Dent Sci. 2013;8(2):160–169. doi:10.1016/j.jds.2012.05.007
13. Baseren M. Surface Roughness Of Nanofill and Nanohybrid Composite Resin And Ormocer-Based Tooth-Colored Restorative Materials After Severel Finishing And Polishing Procedures. J Biomater Appl. 2004;19(2). Doi:0885328204044011
14. Chour RG, Moda A, Arora A, Arafath MY, Shetty VK, Rishal Y. Comparative evaluation of effect of different polishing systems on surface roughness of composite resin: An in vitro study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2016;6:166-70. doi:10.4103/2231-0762.189761
15. Checketts MR, Turkyilmaz I, Asar NV. An investigation of the effect of scaling-induced surface roughness on bacterial adhesion in common fixed dental restorative materials. J Prosthet Dent. 2014;112(5):1265–1270. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2014.04.005
16. Kelly JR, Benetti P. Ceramic materials in dentistry: Historical evolution and current practice. Aust Dent J. 2011;56 :84–96. doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01299.x
17. Fasbinder DJ. Materials for chairside CAD/CAM restorations. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2010;31(9).
18. Wolfart S, Eschbach S, Scherrer S, Kern M. Clinical outcome of three-unit lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic fixed dental prostheses: Up to 8 years results. Dent Mater. 2009;25(9):63–71. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2009.05.003
19. Zarone F, Di Mauro MI, Ausiello P, Ruggiero G, Sorrentino R. Current status on lithium disilicate and zirconia: A narrative review. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/s12903-019-0838-x
20. Kakaboura A, Fragouli M, Rahiotis C, Silikas N. Evaluation of surface characteristics of dental composites using profilometry, scanning electron, atomic force microscopy and gloss-meter. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2007;18(1):155–163. doi:10.1007/s10856-006-0675-8
21. Joniot S, Salomon JP, Dejou J, Grégoire G. Use of two surface analyzers to evaluate the surface roughness of four esthetic restorative materials after polishing. Oper Dent. 2006;31(1):39–46. doi:10.2341/04-166
22. Eliades T, Gioka C, Eliades G, Makou M. Enamel surface roughness following debonding using two resin grinding methods. Eur J Orthod. 2004;26(3):333–338. doi:10.1093/ejo/26.3.333
23. Çökük D. N. Tam Seramik Sistemlerine Uygulanan Farklı Polisaj Metotlarının Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Etkisinin İncelenmesi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi. 2009,(2), 98-104.
24. Şahin C, Gülay U.Z.U.N. Cad/Cam Bloklardan Elde Edilen Restorasyonlarda Bitim İşlemlerinin Yüzey Pürüzlülüğüne Ve Sitotoksisiteye Etkisi. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği Fakültesi Dergisi.2020, 30,(4), 633-638.
25. Yanikoglu ND, Sakarya RE. Test methods used in the evaluation of the structure features of the restorative materials: A literature review. J Mater Res Technol. 2020;9(5):9720–9734. doi:10.1016/j.jmrt.2020.06.049
26. Rodriguez JM, Curtis R V., Bartlett DW. Surface roughness of impression materials and dental stones scanned by non-contacting laser profilometry. Dent Mater. 2009;25(4):500–505. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2008.10.003
27. de Groot P. Interferometric laser profilometer for rough surfaces. Opt Lett. 1991;16(6):357. doi:10.1364/ol.16.000357
28. Endo T, Finger WJ, Kanehira M, Utterodt A, Komatsu M. Surface texture and roughness of polished nanofill and nanohybrid resin composites. Dent Mater J. 2010;29(2):213–223. doi:10.4012/dmj.2009-019
29. Curd M. L. Bollenl, Paul Lambrechts MQ.Comparison-of-surface-roughness-of-.pdf. Dent Mater. Published online 1997:258–269.
30. Park JW, An JS, Lim WH, Lim BS, Ahn SJ. Microbial changes in biofilms on composite resins with different surface roughness: An in vitro study with a multispecies biofilm model. J Prosthet Dent. 2019;122(5):493.1-493.8. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.08.009
31. Jones CS, Billington RW, Pearson GJ. The in vivo perception of roughness of restorations. Br Dent J. 2004;196(1):42–45. doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.4810881
32. Gadegaard N. Atomic force microscopy in biology: Technology and techniques. Biotech Histochem. 2006;81(2–3):87–97. doi:10.1080/10520290600783143
33. V T. Restoratif dental materyallerin yüzey mekanik özellikleri. Atatürk Üniversitesi Diş Hekim Fakültesi Derg. Published online 2014:77–82.
34. Çelik Ümit. Sıvıda Çalışan Atomik Çözünürlüklü Yüzeye Değmeyen Atomik Kuvvet Mikroskobu. İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü. 2011.
35. Salerno M, Giacomelli L, Derchi G, Patra N, Diaspro A. Atomic force microscopy in vitro study of surface roughness and fractal character of a dental restoration composite after air-polishing. Biomed Eng Online. 2010;9:1–11. doi:10.1186/1475-925X-9-59
36. Karan S, Kircelli BH, Tasdelen B. Enamel surface roughness after debonding : Comparison of two different burs. Angle Orthod. 2010;80(6):1081–1088. doi:10.2319/012610-55.1
37. Francis LW, Lewis PD, Wright CJ, Conlan RS. Atomic force microscopy comes of age. Biol Cell. 2010;102(2):133–143. doi:10.1042/bc20090127
38. Abdullah A, Mohammed A. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM): A Review. Proc 2018 Int Conf Hydraul Pneum - HERVEX. Published online 2019:77–85.
39. Bansal. Effect of Different Finishing and Polishing Systems on the Surface Roughness of Resin Composite and Enamel : An In vitro Profilometric and Scanning Electron Microscopy Study. Published online 2019:154–158. doi:10.4103/ijabmr.IJABMR
40. Aykent F, Yondem I, Ozyesil AG, Gunal SK, Avunduk MC, Ozkan S. Effect of different finishing techniques for restorative materials on surface roughness and bacterial adhesion. J Prosthet Dent. 2010;103(4):221–227. doi:10.1016/S0022-3913(10)60034-0
41. Papathanasiou I, Zinelis S, Papavasiliou G, Kamposiora P. Effect of aging on color, gloss and surface roughness of CAD/CAM composite materials. J Dent. 2023;130:104423. doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2023.104423
42. Karatas O, Gul P, Gündoğdu M, Iskenderoglu DT. An evaluation of surface roughness after staining of different composite resins using atomic force microscopy and a profilometer. Microsc Res Tech. 2020;83(10):1251–1259. doi:10.1002/jemt.23519
43. Alhabdan A. Comparison of Surface Roughness of Ceramics after Polishing with Different Intraoral Polishing Systems using Profilometer and SEM. J Dent Heal Oral Disord Ther. 2015;2(3):1–11. doi:10.15406/jdhodt.2015.02.00050
44. Varol, O. Ağız gargaralarının farklı porselen sistemlerinin renk stabilitesi ve yüzey pürüzlülüğü üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi Cumhurı̇yet Ünı̇versı̇tesı̇ Dı̇ş Hekı̇mlı̇ğı̇ Fakültesı̇, Protetı̇k Dı̇ş Tedavı̇sı̇ Anabı̇lı̇m Dalı. 2016
45. Tholt B, Miranda WG, Prioli R, Thompson J, Oda M. Surface roughness in ceramics with different finishing techniques using atomic force microscope and profilometer. Oper Dent. 2006;31(4):442–449. doi:10.2341/05-54
46. Guler S, Unal M. The Evaluation of Color and Surface Roughness Changes in Resin based Restorative Materials with Different Contents After Waiting in Various Liquids: An SEM and AFM study. Microsc Res Tech. 2018;81(12):1422–1433. doi:10.1002/jemt.23104