Türkiye’de Ergen Bağlılığı: Okul Psikolojik Danışmanlığı ve Eğitimin Gelişimi İçin T-MAC’in Geçerlik Çalışması

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Hemingway Ergen Bağlılık Ölçeği'nin Türkçe formunun (T-MAC) yapısal geçerliğini doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ile, cinsiyete ve gelişimsel yaş gruplarına göre ölçme değişmezliğini çok-gruplu analizlerle ve alt boyutların iç tutarlığını güncel psikometrik yöntemlerle değerlendirmektir. Araştırma, 5–12. sınıfa devam eden 851 ergen (Kız = 443, Erkek = 408; M_yaş = 14.21, SD = 2.22) üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Veri seti rastgele ikiye bölünerek keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı analizler için bağımsız örneklemler oluşturulmuştur. Açımlayıcı faktör analizi polikorik korelasyon matrisi üzerinden temel eksen faktörleştirmesi ve promax döndürme ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi ve ölçme değişmezliği testleri WLSMV ve MLR tahmin yöntemleriyle yapılmıştır. Güvenirlik Cronbach alfa ve McDonald omega katsayılarıyla incelenmiştir. On faktörlü birinci derece model kabul edilebilir uyum göstermiş (CFI = .911, TLI = .905, RMSEA = .050, SRMR = .076) ve tek faktörlü taban modeline kıyasla belirgin biçimde daha güçlü desteklenmiştir (ΔCFI = .303). Cinsiyete göre tam skaler değişmezlik sağlanmıştır. Yaş gruplarında metrik değişmezlik desteklenirken, kısmi skaler değişmezlik elde edilmiştir. T-MAC, Türk ergenlerinde bağlılığın çok boyutlu yapısını değerlendirmede geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracıdır. Ölçek puanları kız ve erkek ergenler arasında karşılaştırılabilir niteliktedir.

Keywords

• ergen bağlılığı
• Hemingway ölçeği
• doğrulayıcı faktör analizi
• ölçme değişmezliği
• Türk Ergenler

Ethical Statement

Bu araştırmanın verileri toplanmadan önce Uşak Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırma ve Yayın Etiği Kurulundan 20 Kasım 2025 tarihli ve 13 sayılı karar ile etik kurul izni alınmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan tüm katılımcılardan "Bilgilendirilmiş Onam Formu" aracılığıyla gönüllü katılım onayları elde edilmiştir. Çalışma süresince bilimsel, etik ve alıntı kurallarına titizlikle uyulmuştur.

Thanks

Yazar, ölçeğin Türkçeye kazandırılmasındaki öncü çalışması ve bu araştırma sürecindeki desteği için Dr. Yasir Kurt'a; Hemingway Ergen Bağlılık Ölçeği'nin geliştiricisi olarak sağladığı katkı ve yönlendirmeler için Dr. Michael J. Karcher'a teşekkür eder.

Adolescent Connectedness in Turkiye: Validation of the T-MAC for School Counseling and Education Development

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the structural validity of the Turkish form of the Hemingway Measure of Adolescent Connectedness (T-MAC) through confirmatory factor analysis, to examine its measurement invariance across gender and developmental age groups using multi-group analyses, and to assess the internal consistency of its subscales with contemporary psychometric methods. The study was conducted with 851 adolescents (Female = 443, Male = 408) enrolled in grades 5–12. The dataset was randomly split into two independent samples for exploratory and confirmatory analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was performed on the polychoric correlation matrix using principal axis factoring with promax rotation. Confirmatory factor analysis and measurement invariance tests were conducted using WLSMV and MLR estimation methods. Reliability was examined through Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients. The ten-factor first-order model demonstrated acceptable fit (CFI = .911, TLI = .905, RMSEA = .050, SRMR = .076) and received substantially stronger support compared to the single-factor baseline model (ΔCFI = .303). Full scalar invariance was established across gender. Metric invariance was supported across age groups, while partial scalar invariance was attained. The T-MAC is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the multidimensional structure of connectedness in Turkish adolescents.

Keywords

• Adolescent Connectedness
• Turkish adolescents
• Condirmatory Factor Analysis
• Measurement İnvariance
• Hemingway Scale

Thanks

The author thanks Dr. Yasir Kurt for his pioneering work in adapting the scale into Turkish and for his support throughout this research, and Dr. Michael J. Karcher, the developer of the Hemingway Measure of Adolescent Connectedness, for his contributions and guidance.

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