Neighborhood context and juvenile delinquency: A review study

Abstract

Previous studies have emphasized the importance of the social and physical contexts in which children grows up on their development for many years. The neighborhood, as an environment in which the child grows up, directly and indirectly affects the child's development. Although there has been a noticeable increase in the number of studies on how the neighborhood context affects juvenile delinquency in recent years, it is still emphasized that there is a need for further research. When social scientists examine the relationship between neighborhoods and juvenile delinquency, they tend to focus on a single characteristic such as the location or psychosocial features of the neighborhood. However, the structural and social features of the neighborhood are interrelated; therefore it is critical to investigate all of these features as a whole. The purpose of the current study was to review the relationship between various neighborhood characteristics and juvenile delinquency. In this review study, factors associated with the neighborhood which are examined in relation to juvenile delinquency are categorized under three headings: the location, socio-demographic characteristics, and psychosocial characteristics of the neighborhood. A comprehensive examination of these characteristics will guide future research. Deepening our knowledge on this topic will lead to the development and implementation of prevention and intervention programs as well as social policies that contribute multidimensionally to the child's development.

Keywords

• juvenile delinquency
• neighborhood
• social disorganization
• community violence
• collective efficacy

Mahalle ve çocuk suçluluğu: Bir derleme çalışması

Abstract

Çocukların büyüdükleri sosyal ve fiziksel bağlamların önemi uzun yıllardır vurgulanmaktadır. Mahalle, çocuğun büyüdüğü mekan olarak, çocuğun gelişimini doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak etkiler. Son yıllarda mahalle bağlamının çocuk suçluluğunu nasıl etkilediği üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sayısında fark edilir bir artış olmasına rağmen, daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç olduğu vurgulanmaktadır. Sosyal bilimciler mahalle ve çocuk suçluluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelerken, genellikle mahallenin konumu ya da psikososyal özellikleri gibi tek bir özelliğine odaklanmaktadır. Ancak, mahallenin yapısal ve sosyal özellikleri birbiriyle ilişkilidir, bu nedenle tüm bu özelliklerin bir bütün olarak ele alınması önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, çeşitli mahalle özellikleri ile çocuk suçluluğu arasındaki ilişkiyi gözden geçirmektir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, çocuk suçluluğu ile ilişkisi incelenen mahalle ile ilgili faktörler üç başlık altında toplanmıştır: mahallenin konumu, sosyodemografik özellikleri ve psikososyal özellikleri. Bu özelliklerin kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alınması gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalara rehberlik edecektir. Bu konudaki bilgimizi derinleştirmek, önleme ve müdahale programları ile sosyal politikaların geliştirilip uygulanmasına yol açacak ve çocuğun gelişimine çok boyutlu olarak daha iyi katkı sunacaktır.

Keywords

• çocuk suçluluğu
• mahalle
• sosyal düzensizlik
• toplum şiddeti
• kolektif etkililik

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