Political Requisite of a Republic Apropos of Classical and Modern Theorist of Mixed Government

Abstract

Many political scholars believe that a powerful political-administrative is obligatory for a good political system/government as a legislature responsive to well-accepted demand. They also note that the accurate form of government is where the many, or the one, or the few, can govern the political system which is based on common interest, which forms mixed political system/government. This paper will explain: the concept and political philosophy of the government by highlighting the role of a mixed political system/government as a central point between both classical and modern theories of political system/government within these eras of republican practice. The first part of this research paper will explain the concept of a mixed political system or government by highlighting its probable consequence in the contemporary political system/thought. The next part of this paper covers the argument-based analysis of different theorists: Cicero, Guicciardini, Aristotle, Aquinas, Mosca and Machiavelli.

Keywords

• Mixed government
• separation of powers
• republic

References

1. Agha, H. A. (2011). Contribution of Muslim Landed Elite in Politics in Punjab from 1906-1947 (Doctoral dissertation, GC UNIVERSITY LAHORE). http://173.208.131.244:9060/xmlui/handle/123456789/3661 Accessed: 11th June 2021
2. Aquinas, T., Roos, H., Aquineren, T., & Roos, H. (2000). Thomas Aquinas. Rosinante. https://hymnsandchants.com/Texts/Fiat/Saints/0128Thomas%20Aquinas.pdf Last Accessed: 10th Jun. 2021
3. Aristotle, D. (1998). Politics. Translated by C.D. C. Reeve. Indianapolis and Cambridge. Hackett Publishing Company
4. Saint Thomas Aquinas. (n.d.). Aquinas College, https://www.aquinas.edu/campus-ministry/saint-thomas-aquinas Last Accessed: 04th Jun. 2021
5. Saint Thomas Aquinas. (n.d.). Metaphysics. Internet encyclopedia of philosophy. https://iep.utm.edu/aq-meta/ Last Accessed: 08th Jun. 2021
6. Cicero, M. T. (1829). On the Commonwealth. in The Republic of Cicero, translated and edited by G. W. Featherstonhaugh, 33–148. New York: G. & C. Carwill. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t2r49sh44&view=1up&seq=9 Last Accessed: 22ndDec. 2020
7. Duignan, B. (Ed.). (2012). Political Systems, Structures, and Functions. Britannica Educational Publishing. https://books.google.com.pk/books?id=3fScAAAAQBAJ&printsec=frontcover#v=onepage&q&f=false Accessed: 06th Jun.2021
8. Featherstonhaugh, G. W. Introduction to The Republic of Cicero, translated and edited by G. W. Featherstonhaugh, 2–31. New York: G. & C.Carwill. https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc2.ark:/13960/t2r49sh44&view=1up&seq=9 Last Accessed: 20thDec.2020

9. Gaetano Mosca (n.d.). Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Gaetano-Mosca Accessed: 07th Jun.2021
10. Kuehnelt-Leddihn, E. V. (1952). Liberty or Equality Challenge of our time. Edited: John P. Hughes. The Caxton Printers Ltd.
11. Machiavelli, N. (1996). Discourses on Livy. Translated by Harvey C. Mansfield and Nathan Tarcov. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
12. Matić, I. (2016). The concept of mixed government in classical and early modern republicanism. Belgrade Philosophical Annual, (29), pp.179-197. https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0353-3891/2016/0353-38911629179M.pdf Last Accessed: 18thDec. 2020
13. McCormick, J.P. (2001). Machiavellian democracy: controlling elites with ferocious populism. American Political Science Review, 95(2), pp.297-313. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055401002027 Last Accessed: 19thDec. 2020
14. Mingardi, A. (2017). Classical liberalism in Italian economic thought, from the time of unification. Econ Journal Watch, 14(1), 22. https://econjwatch.org/file_download/963/MingardiJan2017.pdf. Last Accessed: 09th Jun. 2021
15. Moulakis, A. & Guicciardini, F. (1998). Republican Realism in Renaissance Florence: Francesco Guicciardini’sDiscorso Di Logrogno. Rowman & Littlefield.
16. Murphy, M. (2002). The Natural Law Tradition in Ethics. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/natural-law-ethics/ Last Accessed: 09th Jun. 2021 Oxford Reference (n.d.). Oxford University Press. https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095420769 Last Accessed: 07th Jun. 2021
17. Pinelli, C. (2016). History and Theory of Mixed Governments. The Max Planck Foundation for International Peace and the Rule of Law. https://oxcon.ouplaw.com/view/10.1093/law:mpeccol/law-mpeccol-e384#law-mpeccol-e384-div1-1 Last Accessed: 24thDec. 2020
18. Wright, T. E. F., Kerr, A., & Wright, E. (Eds.). (2015). A dictionary of world history. Oxford Quick Reference. https://books.google.com.pk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=POAwBwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=A+Dictionary+of+World+History&ots=yQIMurDvUf&sig=BYqJJDZcMT5uGdlHT3gUtcV3gHk&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=A%20Dictionary%20of%20World%20History&f=false Last Accessed: 08th Jun. 2021