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Prejudice and Equality – In Search of Purpose- Driven Interdisciplinary Methodologies in Academia

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 351 - 360, 01.10.2021

Abstract

Prejudice is conceived as a distorted appropriation of reality, in which characteristics that are not accepted in oneself are projected on another human being, group, or society. Prejudice is present in actions, language and attitudes much before being crystalized in adult perceptions. This article aims to highlight the fact that prejudiced-biased relationships – the other person is as the object of this relationship (Frankfurt School), and not an active subject capable of responding in equal terms to it. The object of prejudice uses the other person’s definition even to oneself. The methodology used in this research shows how science may produce biased knowledge. Two researches are used in Social Psychology to show how creating categories to define others - without consent or negotiation - may result in prejudice in science. Biased information can indirectly lead to conclusions, which relate to others as non-humans – e.g., holocaust, slavery, gender-gap. Science is not neutral. In result, it is much necessary to question the methodologies and ideologies used in research practice. In conclusion, it is necessary to create new approaches that are inclusive and take action towards a more compromised science with promoting changes.

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References

  • Ackerman, N.W. & Jahoda, M. (1969). Emotional disorders and anti-Semitism. SP: Perspectiva.
  • Adorno, T.W. (1986). Education after Auschwitz. In: Sociology. SP: Ática.
  • Adorno, T.W. (1969). Opinion, madness, society. In: Interventions. Caracas: Monte Ávila Editores.
  • Adorno, T.W. & Horkheimer, M. (1985). Dialectic of enlightenment. RJ: Jorge Zahar.
  • Banaji M.R.; Greenwald A.G. (1995) Implicit gender stereotyping in judgments of fame. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Feb;68(2):181-98. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.68.2.181. PMID:7877095.
  • Carone, I. (1995). Critical theory and social psychology: the impact of the Social Research Institute on psychosocial research. In: Psychology and politics. SP: Cortez.
  • Crochik, J. L. (1995). Prejudice: individual and culture. SP: Robe Editorial.
  • Crochik, J. L. (1996). Notes on the psychology of TW Adorno. In: Psychology & Society, v. 8, n. 1, Jan./Jun. 1996. Magazine of the Brazilian Association of Social Psychology - ABRAPSO.
  • Garth, T. R. (1930). A review of race psychology. Psychological Bulletin. 27 (5): 329–56. Doi:10.1037/h0075064
  • Greenwald, A.G. & Schuh, E.S. (1994). An ethnic bias in scientific citations. European Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 24,623439
  • Hosbawn, E. (1995). The era of extremes: the brief twentieth century - 1914-1991. SP: Companhia das Letras.
  • Kant, I. (1992). Answer to the question: what is Enlightenment? In: Perpetual peace and other pamphlets. Lisbon: 70.
  • Kundera, M. (1995). The slowness. RJ: Nova Fronteira.
  • Lasch, C. (1987). The minimum I: psychic survival in difficult times. SP: Brasiliense.
  • Legault, L. & Green-Demers, I. & Eadie, A. L. (2009). Motivation and Emotion Vol. 33, Iss. 1, (Mar 2009): 10-24.
  • Marcuse, H. (1972). Authority and family study. In: Ideas about a critical theory of society. RJ: Zahar. Swan, M. (1978). Spectrum. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Prejudice and Equality – In Search of Purpose- Driven Interdisciplinary Methodologies in Academia

Year 2021, Volume: 3 Issue: 5, 351 - 360, 01.10.2021

Abstract

Prejudice is conceived as a distorted appropriation of reality, in which characteristics that are not accepted in oneself are projected on another human being, group, or society. Prejudice is present in actions, language and attitudes much before being crystalized in adult perceptions. This article aims to highlight the fact that prejudiced-biased relationships – the other person is as the object of this relationship (Frankfurt School), and not an active subject capable of responding in equal terms to it. The object of prejudice uses the other person’s definition even to oneself. The methodology used in this research shows how science may produce biased knowledge. Two researches are used in Social Psychology to show how creating categories to define others - without consent or negotiation - may result in prejudice in science. Biased information can indirectly lead to conclusions, which relate to others as non-humans – e.g., holocaust, slavery, gender-gap. Science is not neutral. In result, it is much necessary to question the methodologies and ideologies used in research practice. In conclusion, it is necessary to create new approaches that are inclusive and take action towards a more compromised science with promoting changes.

References

  • Ackerman, N.W. & Jahoda, M. (1969). Emotional disorders and anti-Semitism. SP: Perspectiva.
  • Adorno, T.W. (1986). Education after Auschwitz. In: Sociology. SP: Ática.
  • Adorno, T.W. (1969). Opinion, madness, society. In: Interventions. Caracas: Monte Ávila Editores.
  • Adorno, T.W. & Horkheimer, M. (1985). Dialectic of enlightenment. RJ: Jorge Zahar.
  • Banaji M.R.; Greenwald A.G. (1995) Implicit gender stereotyping in judgments of fame. J Pers Soc Psychol. 1995 Feb;68(2):181-98. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.68.2.181. PMID:7877095.
  • Carone, I. (1995). Critical theory and social psychology: the impact of the Social Research Institute on psychosocial research. In: Psychology and politics. SP: Cortez.
  • Crochik, J. L. (1995). Prejudice: individual and culture. SP: Robe Editorial.
  • Crochik, J. L. (1996). Notes on the psychology of TW Adorno. In: Psychology & Society, v. 8, n. 1, Jan./Jun. 1996. Magazine of the Brazilian Association of Social Psychology - ABRAPSO.
  • Garth, T. R. (1930). A review of race psychology. Psychological Bulletin. 27 (5): 329–56. Doi:10.1037/h0075064
  • Greenwald, A.G. & Schuh, E.S. (1994). An ethnic bias in scientific citations. European Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 24,623439
  • Hosbawn, E. (1995). The era of extremes: the brief twentieth century - 1914-1991. SP: Companhia das Letras.
  • Kant, I. (1992). Answer to the question: what is Enlightenment? In: Perpetual peace and other pamphlets. Lisbon: 70.
  • Kundera, M. (1995). The slowness. RJ: Nova Fronteira.
  • Lasch, C. (1987). The minimum I: psychic survival in difficult times. SP: Brasiliense.
  • Legault, L. & Green-Demers, I. & Eadie, A. L. (2009). Motivation and Emotion Vol. 33, Iss. 1, (Mar 2009): 10-24.
  • Marcuse, H. (1972). Authority and family study. In: Ideas about a critical theory of society. RJ: Zahar. Swan, M. (1978). Spectrum. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Monica Mastrantonio 0000-0002-3299-501X

Publication Date October 1, 2021
Submission Date May 7, 2021
Acceptance Date June 21, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 3 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Mastrantonio, M. (2021). Prejudice and Equality – In Search of Purpose- Driven Interdisciplinary Methodologies in Academia. Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Ve Eğitim Dergisi, 3(5), 351-360.

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