Mothers’ opinions on screen exposure in preschool period: The case of Muş province
Year 2025,
Volume: 7 Issue: 13, 481 - 523, 01.10.2025
Nesibe Sinem Aldemir
,
Bengü Türkoğlu
Abstract
This study was conducted to examine the opinions of mothers on screen use of preschool children. In the study, which was based on qualitative research design, data were obtained through semi-structured interview form as a result of interviews with 20 mothers with children aged 0-6 years living in Hasköy district of Muş province. The data obtained were analysed by descriptive analysis method. The findings revealed that mothers mostly tried to limit screen use; however, the effects differed according to the quality of screen content and duration of use. Participants reported that screen exposure negatively affected children’s physical, socio-emotional, and language development, while both positive and negative impacts were observed in cognitive development. It was also stated that screen exposure may weaken the parent-child relationship. The results of the study reveal the multidimensional effects of screen use in early childhood and emphasise the need to provide guidance to families on media literacy and digital parenting.
Ethical Statement
The research was approved in terms of scientific research ethics with the decision of Necmettin Erbakan University Social and Human Sciences Scientific Research Ethics Committee dated 16/02/2024 and numbered 2024/178.
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Gökçe, A. (2021). 0–7 yaş arası çocuklarda mobil ekran maruziyetinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, 54(2), 188–193. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.543807
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Janssen, X., Martin, A., Hughes, A. R., Hill, C. M., Kotronoulas, G., & Hesketh, K. R. (2020). Associations of screen time, sedentary time and physical activity with sleep in under 5s: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 49, 101226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101226
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Kaya, İ., & Mutlu Bayraktar, D. (2021). Türkiye’de yapılan dijital ebeveynlik araştırmalarına yönelik bir içerik analizi çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 1046–1082. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.928805
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Kebir, C., & Özkaya, H. (2023). Investigation of the effect of screen exposure on language development in children between 16–36 months. Turkish Journal of Family Practice, 27(2), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.54308/tahd.2023.21033
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Kerai, S., Almas, A., Guhn, M., Forer, B., & Oberle, E. (2022). Screen time and developmental health: Results from an early childhood study in Canada. BMC Public Health, 22, 310. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12701-3
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Koyuncuoğlu, D., & Akaroğlu, G. (2023). 4–6 yaş çocukların ekran kullanım alışkanlıkları ile öz düzenleme becerileri arasındaki ilişki. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(3), 2599–2620. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1172837
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Linebarger, D. L., & Vaala, S. E. (2010). Screen media and language development in infants and toddlers: An ecological perspective. Developmental Review, 30(2), 176–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2010.03.006
-
Liu, W., Tan, L., Huang, D., Chen, N., & Liu, F. (2021). When preschoolers use tablets: The effect of educational serious games on children’s attention development. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 37(3), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1818999
-
Massaroni, V., Delle Donne, V., Marra, C., Arcangeli, V., & Chieffo, D. P. R. (2023). The relationship between language and technology: How screen time affects language development in early life—A systematic review. Brain Sciences, 14(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010027
-
Merdin, E. (2023). Türkiye’de erken çocukluk döneminde dijital medya kullanımı ile ilgili gerçekleştirilmiş lisansüstü çalışmaların incelenmesi. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 114, 8092–8098. https://doi.org/10.29228/sssj.71556
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Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
-
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
-
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Monteiro, R., Fernandes, S., & Rocha, N. (2022). What do preschool teachers and parents think about the influence of screen-time exposure on children’s development? Challenges and opportunities. Education Sciences, 12(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010052
-
Mustafaoğlu, R., Zirek, E., Yasacı, Z., & Razak Özdinçler, A. (2018). The negative effects of digital technology usage on children’s development and health. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(2), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2018.5.2.0051
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Okul öncesi dönemde ekran maruziyetine yönelik annelerin görüşleri: Muş ili örneği
Year 2025,
Volume: 7 Issue: 13, 481 - 523, 01.10.2025
Nesibe Sinem Aldemir
,
Bengü Türkoğlu
Abstract
Bu araştırma, okul öncesi dönemdeki çocukların ekran kullanımına ilişkin annelerin görüşlerini incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Nitel araştırma desenine dayalı olarak yürütülen çalışmada, veriler yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla Muş ilinin Hasköy ilçesinde yaşayan 0-6 yaş arası çocuğu olan 20 anne ile yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yöntemiyle çözümlenmiştir. Bulgular, annelerin ekran kullanımını çoğunlukla sınırlı tutmaya çalıştıklarını; ancak ekran içeriklerinin niteliğine ve kullanım süresine göre etkilerinin farklılaştığını ortaya koymuştur. Katılımcılar, ekran kullanımının çocukların özellikle fiziksel, sosyal-duygusal ve dil gelişimlerini olumsuz etkilediğini; zihinsel gelişimde ise hem olumlu hem olumsuz etkilerin görülebildiğini ifade etmiştir. Ayrıca ekran maruziyetinin ebeveyn-çocuk ilişkisini zayıflatabileceği de belirtilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçları, erken çocukluk döneminde ekran kullanımının çok boyutlu etkilerini ortaya koymakta ve ailelere yönelik medya okuryazarlığı ile dijital ebeveynlik konularında rehberlik sağlanması gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır.
Ethical Statement
Araştırma, Necmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Bilimsel Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu Başkanlığı’nın 16/02/2024 tarih ve 2024/178 sayılı kararı ile bilimsel araştırma etiği açısından uygun bulunmuştur.
References
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Aral, N., & Doğan Keskin, A. (2018). Examining 0–6 year olds’ use of technological devices from parents’ points of view. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addiction, 5(2), 177–208. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2018.5.2.0054
-
Asqarova, S., & Zengin, T. T. (2022). Ekran maruziyeti bulunan çocuklarda ergoterapinin duyusal etkileri. Pearson Journal, 7(19), 140–145. https://doi.org/10.46872/pj.543
-
Ateş, M., & Durmuşoğlu Saltalı, N. (2019). KKTC’de yaşayan 5–6 yaş çocukların tablet ve cep telefonu kullanımına ilişkin ebeveyn görüşlerinin incelenmesi. Gazi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 5(1), 62–90.
-
Beadini, İ. (2023). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının problemli medya kullanımları ile sosyal becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Trakya Üniversitesi.
-
Bengtsson, M. (2016). How to plan and perform a qualitative study using content analysis. Nursing Plus Open, 2, 8–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npls.2016.01.001
-
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
-
Cohen, L., & Manion, L. (1994). Research methods in education. Routledge.
Council on Communications and Media. (2016). Media and young minds. Pediatrics, 138(5), e20162591. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-2591
-
Courage, M. L., Frizzell, L. M., Walsh, C. S., & Smith, M. (2021). Toddlers using tablets: They engage, play, and learn. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 564479. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.564479
-
Courage, M. L., & Setliff, A. E. (2010). When babies watch television: Attention-getting, attention-holding, and the implications for learning from video material. Developmental Review, 30(2), 220–238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2010.03.003
-
Crabtree, B. F., & Miller, W. L. (1999). Doing qualitative research. Sage.
-
Creswell, J. W., Hanson, W. E., Clark Plano, V. L., & Morales, A. (2007). Qualitative research designs: Selection and implementation. The Counseling Psychologist, 35(2), 236–264. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000006287390
-
Çaylan, N., Yalçın, S. S., Erat Nergiz, M., Yıldız, D., Oflu, A., Tezol, Ö., Çiçek, Ş., & Foto-Özdemir, D. (2021). Associations between parenting styles and excessive screen usage in preschool children. Turkish Archives of Pediatrics, 56(3), 261–266. https://doi.org/10.14744/TurkPediatriArs.2020.43765
-
Çepni, S. (2012). Araştırma ve proje çalışmalarına giriş (6. baskı). Celepler.
-
Digital 2020 Global Overview Report. (2020). Digital 2020: 3.8 billion people use social media. We Are Social. https://wearesocial.com/uk/blog/2020/01/digital-2020-3-8-billion-people-use-social-media/
-
Gath, M., McNeill, B., & Gillon, G. (2023). Preschoolers’ screen time and reduced opportunities for quality interaction: Associations with language development and parent-child closeness. Current Research in Behavioral Sciences, 5, 100140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crbeha.2023.100140
-
Gökçe, A. (2021). 0–7 yaş arası çocuklarda mobil ekran maruziyetinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi, 54(2), 188–193. https://doi.org/10.20492/aeahtd.543807
-
Güngör, M. (2014). Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarının televizyon izleme alışkanlıkları ve anne baba tutumları. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(28), 199–216.
-
Herodotou, C. (2018). Young children and tablets: A systematic review of effects on learning and development. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 34(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcal.12220
-
Hirshkowitz, M., Whiton, K., Albert, S. M., Alessi, C., Bruni, O., DonCarlos, L., Hazen, N., Herman, J., Adams Hillard, P.
J., Katz, E. S., Kheirandish-Gozal, L., Neubauer, D. N., O’Donnell, A. E., Ohayon, M., Peever, J., Rawding, R., Sachdeva, R. C., Setters, B., Vitiello, M. V., & Ware, J. C. (2015). National Sleep Foundation’s updated sleep duration recommendations: Final report. Sleep Health, 1(4), 233–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleh.2015.10.004
-
Janssen, X., Martin, A., Hughes, A. R., Hill, C. M., Kotronoulas, G., & Hesketh, K. R. (2020). Associations of screen time, sedentary time and physical activity with sleep in under 5s: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sleep Medicine Reviews, 49, 101226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101226
-
Kaya, İ., & Mutlu Bayraktar, D. (2021). Türkiye’de yapılan dijital ebeveynlik araştırmalarına yönelik bir içerik analizi çalışması. İnönü Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 1046–1082. https://doi.org/10.17679/inuefd.928805
-
Kebir, C., & Özkaya, H. (2023). Investigation of the effect of screen exposure on language development in children between 16–36 months. Turkish Journal of Family Practice, 27(2), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.54308/tahd.2023.21033
-
Kerai, S., Almas, A., Guhn, M., Forer, B., & Oberle, E. (2022). Screen time and developmental health: Results from an early childhood study in Canada. BMC Public Health, 22, 310. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12701-3
-
Koyuncuoğlu, D., & Akaroğlu, G. (2023). 4–6 yaş çocukların ekran kullanım alışkanlıkları ile öz düzenleme becerileri arasındaki ilişki. Ordu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Sosyal Bilimler Araştırmaları Dergisi, 13(3), 2599–2620. https://doi.org/10.48146/odusobiad.1172837
-
Linebarger, D. L., & Vaala, S. E. (2010). Screen media and language development in infants and toddlers: An ecological perspective. Developmental Review, 30(2), 176–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2010.03.006
-
Liu, W., Tan, L., Huang, D., Chen, N., & Liu, F. (2021). When preschoolers use tablets: The effect of educational serious games on children’s attention development. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 37(3), 234–248. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2020.1818999
-
Massaroni, V., Delle Donne, V., Marra, C., Arcangeli, V., & Chieffo, D. P. R. (2023). The relationship between language and technology: How screen time affects language development in early life—A systematic review. Brain Sciences, 14(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14010027
-
Merdin, E. (2023). Türkiye’de erken çocukluk döneminde dijital medya kullanımı ile ilgili gerçekleştirilmiş lisansüstü çalışmaların incelenmesi. Social Sciences Studies Journal, 114, 8092–8098. https://doi.org/10.29228/sssj.71556
-
Merriam, S. B., & Grenier, R. S. (2019). Qualitative research in practice: Examples for discussion and analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
-
Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook. Sage.
-
Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı. (2013). Okul öncesi eğitim programı. MEB.
-
Monteiro, R., Fernandes, S., & Rocha, N. (2022). What do preschool teachers and parents think about the influence of screen-time exposure on children’s development? Challenges and opportunities. Education Sciences, 12(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12010052
-
Mustafaoğlu, R., Zirek, E., Yasacı, Z., & Razak Özdinçler, A. (2018). The negative effects of digital technology usage on children’s development and health. Addicta: The Turkish Journal on Addictions, 5(2), 227–247. https://doi.org/10.15805/addicta.2018.5.2.0051
-
Neuman, L. W. (2007). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri: Nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar (S. Özge, Çev.). Yayın Odası.
-
Nikken, P., & Schols, M. (2015). How and why parents guide the media use of young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3423–3435. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0144-4
-
Neumann, M. (2015). Young children and screen time: Creating a mindful approach to digital technology. Australian Educational Computing, 30(2). https://journal.acce.edu.au/index.php/AEC/article/view/67
-
Olszewski, L. E. (2015). Screen time exposure and children’s behavioral correlates [Doctoral dissertation, Pace University].
-
Ponti, M. (2023). Le temps d’écran et les enfants d’âge préscolaire: La promotion de la santé et du
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