Impact of Subjective, Mechanical and Physiological Load Parameters on Training Load Planning in Elite Female Volleyball Players

Abstract

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the relationships between internal and external load variables observed during training and competition sessions in elite female volleyball players. The findings are expected to contribute to injury risk reduction and performance enhancement by providing a more holistic approach to load monitoring. Methods: Twelve elite female volleyball players (height=184.3 ± 4.66 cm; age=26.5 ± 4.46 years; body weight=75.2 ± 6.43 kg; body fat percentage=17.9 ± 5.04%) participated in this experimental study. Over a 5-week period, the following variables were measured during training and competition: Training Impulse (TRIMP), Mean Heart Rate (HRmean), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), Jump Count (JC), and Jump Frequency (JF=JC/min). Relationships among variables were analyzed using Spearman correlation coefficients (p<0.05). Group comparisons were conducted using the General Linear Model Univariate Procedure. Results: During training and matches, Training Impulse (TRIMP) was correlated with Jump Count (JC) (training r=0.38; match r=0.72), Jump Frequency (JF) (training r=0.12; match r=0.69), Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) (training r=0.36; match r=0.41), and Mean Heart Rate (HRmean) (training r=0.73; match r=0.92). Setters showed significantly higher Jump Count (JC) and Jump Frequency (JF) values compared to other positions (p<0.001). Training Impulse (TRIMP) and Mean Heart Rate (HRmean) values were higher during matches, whereas Jump Count (JC), Jump Frequency (JF), and Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE) values were higher during training. Conclusion: The relationships between internal and external load parameters emphasize the importance of monitoring both physiological and mechanical loads. Additionally, the positional and session-type differences observed highlight the necessity of individualized load planning and monitoring in elite volleyball players.

Keywords

• Internal Load
• Volleyball
• External Load
• Training Load

Elit Kadın Voleybolcularda Subjektif, Mekanik ve Fizyolojik Yük Parametrelerinin Antrenman Yükü Planlamasına Etkisi

Abstract

Amaç: Bu çalışma, elit kadın voleybolcularda antrenman ve müsabaka süresince gözlemlenen iç ve dış yük değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkileri analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, daha bütüncül bir yaklaşım sunarak sakatlık riskinin azaltılmasına ve performans gelişiminin desteklenmesine katkı sağlaması beklenmektedir. Yöntem: Bu deneysel çalışmaya 12 elit kadın voleybolcu (boy=184,3±4,66 cm; yaş=26,5±4,46 yıl; vücut ağırlığı=75,2±6,43 kg; vücut yağ oranı=17,9±5,04%) katılmıştır. 5 hafta süresince antrenman ve müsabakalarda Eğitim İmpulsu (Training Impulse, TRIMP), Ortalama Kalp Atım Hızı (OKA), Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi (AZD), Sıçrama Sayısı (SS) ve Sıçrama Frekansı (ST=SS/dk) ölçülmüştür. Değişkenler arası ilişkiler Spearman korelasyonu ile incelenmiştir (p<0,05). Gruplar arası karşılaştırmalarda General Lineer Model Univariate Prosedürü kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Antrenman ve müsabakalarda Eğitim İmpulsu (TRIMP), Sıçrama Sayısı (SS) (antrenman r=0,38; müsabaka r=0,72), Sıçrama Frekansı (ST) (antrenman r=0,12; müsabaka r=0,69), Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi (AZD) (antrenman r=0,36; müsabaka r=0,41) ve Ortalama Kalp Atım Hızı (OKA) (antrenman r=0,73; müsabaka r=0,92) ile korelasyon içindedir. Pasörler, en yüksek Sıçrama Sayısı (SS) ve Sıçrama Frekansı (ST) değerleriyle diğer mevkilerden farklıdır (p<0,001). Eğitim İmpulsu (TRIMP) ve Ortalama Kalp Atım Hızı (OKA) müsabakalarda daha yüksek, Sıçrama Sayısı (SS), Sıçrama Frekansı (ST) ve Algılanan Zorluk Derecesi (AZD) ise antrenmanlarda daha yüksek olarak gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç: İç ve dış yük parametreleri arasındaki ilişkiler hem fizyolojik hem de mekanik yük takibinin birlikte yapılmasının önemini vurgulamaktadır. Ayrıca mevkilere ve seans tiplerine göre gözlemlenen farklılıklar, bireyselleştirilmiş yük planlamasının ve takibinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

• Antrenman Yükü
• Dış Yük
• İç Yük
• Trimp

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