Doping in sports: athletes’ and coaches’ views

Abstract

Aim: This research aims to determine athletes' and coaches' views on the use and effects of doping and to make suggestions for the prevention of doping.

Methods: The research group consisted of athletes and coaches with various branches selected by purposeful sampling technique. Twelve males participated in the study (8 athletes and 4 coaches). The age of the participants was between 22 and 40 years and graduated. In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the data, the opinions of three experts working in the field of sports sciences were consulted. The data were first described systematically and explicitly, and then codes, and then the themes were determined by interpreting these descriptions. 

Results: Participants showed three main reasons for using doping: "to provide rapid muscle development", "to increase sport performance" and "to have a better physical appearance". Participants indicated that they are knowledgeable about doping damages but it is very difficult to prevent it from being used. However, as long as the opponents continue to use doping, they have stated that they will continue to use them as well. Participants who stated that they obtained doping materials mostly through "coaches", "pharmacies" and "intermediaries from abroad" stated that it would be possible to prevent the use of these substances only with the increase of the control and punishment across the country.

Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it has been observed that the athletes who use doping do not have sufficient knowledge about the ingredients or effects of the substances. Also, participants in the study indicated that legal regulations and inspections about the prevention of doping use were inadequate.

Keywords

• doping,Athlete,Coach,Planned Behaviour Theory

Sporda doping: antrenör ve sporcu görüşleri

Abstract

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı sporcu ve antrenörlerin, doping kullanımına ve etkilerine ilişkin görüşlerini tespit etmek ve dopingin önlenmesine yönelik önerilerde bulunmaktır.

Materyal ve Metot: Araştırma grubu, amaçlı örnekleme tekniği ile seçilen çeşitli branşlara sahip sporcu ve antrenörlerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmaya 12 kişi (8 sporcu ve 4 antrenör) katılmıştır. Araştırma grubunun tamamı erkek katılımcılardan oluşmaktadır. Katılımcılar 22-40 yaş aralığında olup, en az lise mezunudur. Verilerin geçerliğini ve güvenirliğini sağlamak için spor bilimleri alanında çalışan üç uzmanın görüşlerine başvurulmuştur. Veriler önce sistematik ve açık bir biçimde betimlenmiş, daha sonra yapılan bu betimlemeler yorumlanarak, önce kodlar, daha sonra temalar saptanmıştır. 

Bulgular: Katılımcılar, doping kullanma nedenleri olarak, “hızlı kas gelişimi sağlamak”, “sportif performans artışı sağlamak” ve “daha iyi bir fiziki görünüme sahip olmak” şeklinde üç ana neden göstermişlerdir. Katılımcılar doping maddelerinin zararları konusunda bilgileri olduğunu, ancak kullanılmasının önüne geçilmesinin çok zor olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ancak rakipleri doping kullanmaya devam ettiği sürece bu maddeleri kendilerinin de kullanmaya devam edeceklerini belirtmişlerdir. Doping maddelerini çoğunlukla “antrenörlerinden”, “eczanelerden” ve “yurtdışından aracılar yolu” ile elde ettiklerini belirten katılımcılar, bu maddelerin kullanılmasının önlenebilmesinin ancak ülke çapında yapılan denetim ve cezaların artırılması ile mümkün olabileceğini belirtmişlerdir. Katılımcılardan bazıları; bilinçli kullanılması, yeterli alım gücüne sahip olunması ve yarışmaya girilmesi durumunda doping maddelerini çevrelerindeki kişilere önerebileceklerini belirtirken, bazı katılımcılar ise bu maddelerin kullanılmamasını önereceklerini belirtmişlerdir.

Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, doping kullanan sporcuların, maddelerin içeriği veya etkileri hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca araştırmaya katılanlar, doping kullanımının önlenmesine ilişkin yasal düzenlemelerin ve denetimlerin yetersiz olduğunu belirtmişlerdir.

Keywords

• Doping,Sporcu,Antrenör,Planlanmış Davranış Teorisi

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