Research Article
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Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association with Social Media Anxiety

Year 2023, , 153 - 169, 29.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.9.16.123

Abstract

The common usage of social media has raised some concerns over the psychological well-being of users in recent years. Thus, examining the role of social media on the well-being of individuals has gained more importance. The goal of the present study is twofold. Firstly, it aims to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Social Media Rumination Scale. Secondly, it aims to test the link between social media anxiety and social media rumination, which are two psychological phenomena observed in social media. This study was conducted with 467 university students (female 69%, Mage = 21.90, and SD = 2.88). Findings showed that the single-factor structure of the original scale was not verified. However, according to Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the two-factor structure of the scale has good psychometric properties. Moreover, shared content anxiety and privacy concern anxiety, the subscales of the Social Anxiety Scale for Social Media Users predicted subfactors of social media rumination controlling for sex and the average social media use duration. Given the limited research to measure rumination and anxiety with specially designed tools in social media contexts, this study provided the first direct Evidence that social media rumination is related to social media anxiety.

References

  • Aktan, E. (2018). Sosyal medya ve sosyal kaygı: Sosyal medya kullanıcıları üzerine bir araştırma. Selçuk İletişim, 11(2), 35-53.
  • Alkis, Y., Kadirhan, Z., & Sat, M. (2017). Development and validation of social anxiety scale for social media users. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 296-303.
  • Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center. http://publicservicesalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ Teens-Social-Media-Technology-2018-PEW.pdf
  • Auxier, B., & Anderson, M. (2021). Social media use in 2021. Pew Research Center.https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/
  • Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 815-824.
  • Blanke, E. S., Neubauer, A. B., Houben, M., Erbas, Y., & Brose, A. (2021). Why do my thoughts feel so bad? Getting at the reciprocal effects of rumination and negative affect using dynamic structural equation modeling. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000946
  • Boyes, M. E., Hasking, P. A., & Martin, G. (2016). Adverse life experience and psychological distress in adolescence: Moderating and mediating effects of emotion regulation and rumination. Stress and Health, 32(4), 402-410.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (multivariate applications series). New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 396, 73-84.
  • Cheng, C., Wang, H. Y., Sigerson, L., & Chau, C. L. (2019). Do the socially rich get richer? A nuanced perspective on social network site use and online social capital accrual. Psychological Bulletin, 145(7), 734-764.
  • Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment. Guilford Press.
  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to Nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16-29.
  • Dibb, B., & Foster, M. (2021). Loneliness and Facebook use: the role of social comparison and rumination. Heliyon, 7(1), e05999.
  • Faelens, L., Hoorelbeke, K., Soenens, B., Van Gaeveren, K., De Marez, L., De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. (2021). Social media use and well-being: A prospective experience-sampling study. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106510.
  • Feinstein, B. A., Hershenberg, R., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. (2013). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(3), 161-170.
  • Harrington, R., & Loffredo, D. A. (2010). Insight, rumination, and self-reflection as predictors of well-being. The Journal of Psychology, 145(1), 39-57.
  • Jiang, Y. (2021). Problematic social media usage and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of academic burnout. Frontiers in Psychology, 76.
  • Kubiak, T., Zahn, D., Siewert, K., Jonas, C., & Weber, H. (2014). Positive beliefs about rumination are associated with ruminative thinking and affect in daily life: Evidence for a metacognitive view on depression. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 42(5), 568-576.
  • Lannin, D. G., Parris, L. N., Yazedjian, A., & Hynes, K. (2021). Youth online activity and distress: The role of social media rumination. The Social Science Journal, 1-12.
  • Lenhart, A., Duggan, M., Perrin, A., Stepler, R., Rainie, H., & Parker, K. (2015). Teens, social media & technology overview 2015. Pew Research Center. https://pewresearch.org/internet/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology2015
  • Liu, C., & Ma, J. (2020). Social media addiction and burnout: The mediating roles of envy and social media use anxiety. Current Psychology, 39(6), 1883-1891.
  • Manuoğlu, E., & Uysal, A. (2020). Motivation for different Facebook activities and well-being: A daily experience sampling study. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(4), 456-464.
  • Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1989). Toward a motivational and structural theory of ruminative thought. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 306–326). The Guilford Press.
  • Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer (Ed.), Ruminative thoughts: Advances in social cognition (Vol. 9, pp. 1–47). Erlbaum.
  • Mitra, R., & Rangaswamy, M. (2019). Excessive social media use and its association with depression and rumination in an Indian young adult population: A mediation model. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 14(1), 223-231.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the durationof depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424.
  • O'Day, E. B., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021). Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3, 100070.
  • Parris, L., Lannin, D. G., Hynes, K., & Yazedjian, A. (2020). Exploring social media rumination: associations with bullying, cyberbullying, and distress. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-20.
  • Rachman, S., Grüter-Andrew, J., & Shafran, R. (2000). Post-event processing in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(6), 611-617.
  • Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Dew, M. A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., & Primack, B. A. (2018). Social media use and depression and anxiety symptoms: A cluster analysis. American Journal of Health Behavior, 42(2), 116-128.
  • Vannucci, A., Flannery, K. M., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2017). Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 163-166.
  • Wang, P., Wang, X., Zhao, M., Wu, Y., Wang, Y., & Lei, L. (2019). Can social networking sites alleviate depression? The relation between authentic online self-presentation and adolescent depression: A mediation model of perceived social support and rumination. Current Psychology, 38(6), 1512-1521.
  • Wuensch, K. L. (2008). Conducting a path analysis with SPSS/AMOS. Greenville East Carolina University.
  • Zou, J. B., & Abbott, M. J. (2012). Self-perception and rumination in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(4), 250-257.

Sosyal Medya Ruminasyon Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye Uyarlanması ve Sosyal Medya Kaygısı ile İlişkisi

Year 2023, , 153 - 169, 29.06.2023
https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.9.16.123

Abstract

Sosyal medyanın yaygın kullanımı, son yıllarda kullanıcıların psikolojik esenlik hallerine ilişkin bazı endişeleri artırmıştır. Buna bağlı olarak, sosyal medyanın bireylerin refahı üzerindeki rolünü anlamak daha fazla önem kazanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı iki yönlüdür. İlk olarak Sosyal Medya Ruminasyon Ölçeği'nin Türkçe formunun geçerlik ve güvenirliğini test etmeyi amaçlanmaktadır. İkinci olarak, bu calışma sosyal medyaya özgü iki psikolojik fenomen olan sosyal medya kaygısı ile sosyal medya ruminasyonu arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışmaya 467 üniversite öğrencisi katılmıştır (kadın %69, ORTyaş = 21,90 ve SS = 2,88). Bulgular, orijinal ölçeğin tek faktörlü yapısının doğrulanmadığını göstermiştir. Ancak Açımlayıcı ve Doğrulayıcı Faktör Analizine göre ölçeğin iki faktörlü yapısı yeterli psikometrik özelliklere sahiptir. Ayrıca Sosyal Medya Kullanıcıları İçin Sosyal Kaygı Ölçeği'nin alt boyutlarından biri olan paylaşılan içerik kaygısı ve gizlilik endişesi kaygısı, cinsiyet ve ortalama sosyal medya kullanım süresi kontrol edildiğinde sosyal medya ruminasyonunun alt boyutlarını yordamaktadır. Ancak etkileşim ve öz değerlendirme kaygısı sosyal medya ruminasyonunu yordamamıştır. Sosyal medya bağlamında özel olarak geliştirilmiş araçlarla ruminasyon ve kaygıyı ölçmek için yapılmış sınırlı araştırma göz önüne alındığında, bu çalışma sosyal medya ruminasyonunun sosyal medya kaygısı ile ilişkili olduğuna dair doğrudan kanıt sağlamaktadır.

References

  • Aktan, E. (2018). Sosyal medya ve sosyal kaygı: Sosyal medya kullanıcıları üzerine bir araştırma. Selçuk İletişim, 11(2), 35-53.
  • Alkis, Y., Kadirhan, Z., & Sat, M. (2017). Development and validation of social anxiety scale for social media users. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 296-303.
  • Anderson, M., & Jiang, J. (2018). Teens, social media & technology 2018. Pew Research Center. http://publicservicesalliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/ Teens-Social-Media-Technology-2018-PEW.pdf
  • Auxier, B., & Anderson, M. (2021). Social media use in 2021. Pew Research Center.https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2021/04/07/social-media-use-in-2021/
  • Barrett, P. (2007). Structural equation modelling: Adjudging model fit. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(5), 815-824.
  • Blanke, E. S., Neubauer, A. B., Houben, M., Erbas, Y., & Brose, A. (2021). Why do my thoughts feel so bad? Getting at the reciprocal effects of rumination and negative affect using dynamic structural equation modeling. Emotion. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000946
  • Boyes, M. E., Hasking, P. A., & Martin, G. (2016). Adverse life experience and psychological distress in adolescence: Moderating and mediating effects of emotion regulation and rumination. Stress and Health, 32(4), 402-410.
  • Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming (multivariate applications series). New York: Taylor & Francis Group, 396, 73-84.
  • Cheng, C., Wang, H. Y., Sigerson, L., & Chau, C. L. (2019). Do the socially rich get richer? A nuanced perspective on social network site use and online social capital accrual. Psychological Bulletin, 145(7), 734-764.
  • Clark, D. M., & Wells, A. (1995). A cognitive model of social phobia. In R. G. Heimberg, M. R. Liebowitz, D. A. Hope, & F. R. Schneier (Eds.), Social phobia: Diagnosis, assessment and treatment. Guilford Press.
  • Curran, P. J., West, S. G., & Finch, J. F. (1996). The robustness of test statistics to Nonnormality and specification error in confirmatory factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 1(1), 16-29.
  • Dibb, B., & Foster, M. (2021). Loneliness and Facebook use: the role of social comparison and rumination. Heliyon, 7(1), e05999.
  • Faelens, L., Hoorelbeke, K., Soenens, B., Van Gaeveren, K., De Marez, L., De Raedt, R., & Koster, E. H. (2021). Social media use and well-being: A prospective experience-sampling study. Computers in Human Behavior, 114, 106510.
  • Feinstein, B. A., Hershenberg, R., Bhatia, V., Latack, J. A., Meuwly, N., & Davila, J. (2013). Negative social comparison on Facebook and depressive symptoms: Rumination as a mechanism. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 2(3), 161-170.
  • Harrington, R., & Loffredo, D. A. (2010). Insight, rumination, and self-reflection as predictors of well-being. The Journal of Psychology, 145(1), 39-57.
  • Jiang, Y. (2021). Problematic social media usage and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The mediating role of psychological capital and the moderating role of academic burnout. Frontiers in Psychology, 76.
  • Kubiak, T., Zahn, D., Siewert, K., Jonas, C., & Weber, H. (2014). Positive beliefs about rumination are associated with ruminative thinking and affect in daily life: Evidence for a metacognitive view on depression. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 42(5), 568-576.
  • Lannin, D. G., Parris, L. N., Yazedjian, A., & Hynes, K. (2021). Youth online activity and distress: The role of social media rumination. The Social Science Journal, 1-12.
  • Lenhart, A., Duggan, M., Perrin, A., Stepler, R., Rainie, H., & Parker, K. (2015). Teens, social media & technology overview 2015. Pew Research Center. https://pewresearch.org/internet/2015/04/09/teens-social-media-technology2015
  • Liu, C., & Ma, J. (2020). Social media addiction and burnout: The mediating roles of envy and social media use anxiety. Current Psychology, 39(6), 1883-1891.
  • Manuoğlu, E., & Uysal, A. (2020). Motivation for different Facebook activities and well-being: A daily experience sampling study. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(4), 456-464.
  • Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1989). Toward a motivational and structural theory of ruminative thought. In J. S. Uleman & J. A. Bargh (Eds.), Unintended thought (pp. 306–326). The Guilford Press.
  • Martin, L. L., & Tesser, A. (1996). Some ruminative thoughts. In R. S. Wyer (Ed.), Ruminative thoughts: Advances in social cognition (Vol. 9, pp. 1–47). Erlbaum.
  • Mitra, R., & Rangaswamy, M. (2019). Excessive social media use and its association with depression and rumination in an Indian young adult population: A mediation model. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 14(1), 223-231.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (1991). Responses to depression and their effects on the durationof depressive episodes. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(4), 569.
  • Nolen-Hoeksema, S., Wisco, B. E., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Rethinking rumination. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3(5), 400-424.
  • O'Day, E. B., & Heimberg, R. G. (2021). Social media use, social anxiety, and loneliness: A systematic review. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 3, 100070.
  • Parris, L., Lannin, D. G., Hynes, K., & Yazedjian, A. (2020). Exploring social media rumination: associations with bullying, cyberbullying, and distress. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-20.
  • Rachman, S., Grüter-Andrew, J., & Shafran, R. (2000). Post-event processing in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(6), 611-617.
  • Shensa, A., Sidani, J. E., Dew, M. A., Escobar-Viera, C. G., & Primack, B. A. (2018). Social media use and depression and anxiety symptoms: A cluster analysis. American Journal of Health Behavior, 42(2), 116-128.
  • Vannucci, A., Flannery, K. M., & Ohannessian, C. M. (2017). Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 207, 163-166.
  • Wang, P., Wang, X., Zhao, M., Wu, Y., Wang, Y., & Lei, L. (2019). Can social networking sites alleviate depression? The relation between authentic online self-presentation and adolescent depression: A mediation model of perceived social support and rumination. Current Psychology, 38(6), 1512-1521.
  • Wuensch, K. L. (2008). Conducting a path analysis with SPSS/AMOS. Greenville East Carolina University.
  • Zou, J. B., & Abbott, M. J. (2012). Self-perception and rumination in social anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(4), 250-257.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Elif Manuoğlu 0000-0003-3652-321X

Early Pub Date June 29, 2023
Publication Date June 29, 2023
Submission Date August 29, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Manuoğlu, E. (2023). Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association with Social Media Anxiety. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi(16), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.9.16.123
AMA Manuoğlu E. Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association with Social Media Anxiety. ÜSBİD. June 2023;(16):153-169. doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.9.16.123
Chicago Manuoğlu, Elif. “Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association With Social Media Anxiety”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 16 (June 2023): 153-69. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.9.16.123.
EndNote Manuoğlu E (June 1, 2023) Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association with Social Media Anxiety. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 16 153–169.
IEEE E. Manuoğlu, “Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association with Social Media Anxiety”, ÜSBİD, no. 16, pp. 153–169, June 2023, doi: 10.32739/uskudarsbd.9.16.123.
ISNAD Manuoğlu, Elif. “Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association With Social Media Anxiety”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 16 (June 2023), 153-169. https://doi.org/10.32739/uskudarsbd.9.16.123.
JAMA Manuoğlu E. Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association with Social Media Anxiety. ÜSBİD. 2023;:153–169.
MLA Manuoğlu, Elif. “Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association With Social Media Anxiety”. Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, no. 16, 2023, pp. 153-69, doi:10.32739/uskudarsbd.9.16.123.
Vancouver Manuoğlu E. Adaptation of Social Media Rumination Scale into Turkish and Its Association with Social Media Anxiety. ÜSBİD. 2023(16):153-69.

Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi’nde yayımlanan makalelerdeki görüşler yazarına aittir. Dergiye, daha önce başka bir dergide, kitapta vb. herhangi bir kaynakta yayımlanan makaleler kabul edilmemektedir. Ulusal veya uluslararası konferans, seminer ve panellerde sunulan bildiriler, dipnotta belirtildikten ve makale formatına dönüştürüldükten sonra yayın sürecine alınabilir.


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Yazarların, Üsküdar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi’nde yayınlanmak üzere göndermiş oldukları makaleler için telif ücreti talep etmeyeceklerini taahhüt ettikleri kabul edilir.