YERLEŞİMCİ SÖMÜRGECİLİĞİ BAĞLAMINDA KIRIM TATAR SÜRGÜNÜ

Year 2015, Issue: 16, 45 - 70, 01.03.2015

J. Otto Pohl

Abstract

Kırım Tatarlarının, Sovyetler Birliği tarafından etnik temizliğeuğratılmaları, bunu takiben Rus ve Ukraynalıların Kırım Tatarlarınıntopraklarına yerleştirilmeleri ve Kırım yarımadasındaki Tatarca yeradlarının değiştirilmesi, Amerika kıtası, Afrika, Avusturalya veFilistin’de yaşanan yerleşimci sömürgecilik ile bir takım benzerliklertaşımaktadır. Buna ek olarak, Kırım Tatarlarının Özbekistan, Urallarve sürgün edildikleri diğer yerlerde maruz kaldıkları muamelenin deyerli halkların yerleşimci sömürgeciler tarafından maruz bırakıldıklarımuamele ile benzerlikleri olduğu görülmektedir. Ne var ki, bubenzerlikler tarihçiler ve diğer sosyal bilimciler tarafından hakkıylaincelenmemiştir. Aksine, Sovyetler Birliği’nde yaşanan olaylar,Avrupalılar ve yerli halklar arasında farklı coğrafyalarda gelişensömürgeci ve etno-ırksal ilişkilerin tamamen dışında ele alınmıştır. Bumakale, Sovyetler Birliği’ndeki çeşitli yerli halklara karşı yürütülenpolitikaların, şimdiye kadar daha derinlemesine çalışılmış olan GüneyAfrika ve Filisin’deki gibi yerleşimci sömürgecilikle nasılkıyaslanabileceğine dair bir ilk deneme olmayı hedeflemektedir. Buçerçevede bu makale, özel olarak, Kırım Tatar tehciri ve çeşitli yasaldüzenlemeler çerçevesinde yaşanan Özbekistan’daki uzun sürgündöneminin yerleşimci sömürgeciliği ile bazı noktalarda önemlibenzerlikler taşıyan bir örnek olarak ele almaktadır. Bu makalenin, bukonu hakkında gelecekte yapılacak araştırmalar için bir esin kaynağıolması ümit edilmektedir

Keywords

Kırım Tatarları, Sürgün, NKVD (İç İşleri HalkKomiserliği), Yerleşimci sömürgeciliği, özel yerleşim

THE DEPORTATION OF THE CRIMEAN TATARS IN THE CONTEXT OF SETTLER COLONIALISM

Abstract

The Soviet ethnic cleansing of the Crimean Tatars, thesubsequent settlement of their lands with Russians and Ukrainians, andthe de-Tatarization of the peninsula’s place names has a number ofsimilarities with various cases of settler colonialism in the Americas,Africa, Australia, and Palestine. The treatment of the exiled CrimeanTatars in Uzbekistan, the Urals, and other regions also had a number ofsimilarities with how settler colonies treated their indigenouspopulations. These similarities, however, have not been thoroughlyexplored by historians and other scholars. Instead the USSR has beenconsidered as being completely outside of the framework of colonial andethno-racial relations that developed between Europeans andindigenous peoples in other parts of the world. This article seeks to makea first attempt at suggesting ways in which Soviet policies towardsvarious indigenous peoples in the USSR can be compared to the betterstudied cases of settler colonialism in places like South Africa andPalestine. In particular it uses the Soviet deportation of the CrimeanTatars and their prolonged exile in Uzbekistan under various legalrestrictions as a case study comparable in a number of important waysto settler colonialism. It is hoped that this article will inspire furtherinquiries and research in a comparative manner regarding this topic

Keywords

Crimean Tatars, Deportation, NKVD (People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs), Settler Colonialism, Special Settlement

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