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Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts

Year 2019, , 152 - 166, 07.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68

Abstract

As of 1980s, Turkey has been more active in the field of public relations thanks to the accelerating effects of globalization and formalization of public relations education. Female domination has long been the situation in the sector and this leads to the perception that public relations is a woman’s job. Since the literature review shows that there are few studies conducted in Turkey regarding the situation and the importance of women in the field of public relations is not emphasized enough, this study intends to make a current evaluation on the role and the place of Turkish women in the field of public relations. Therefore, female public relations experts and academics have been interviewed with the aim of detecting the place and importance of women in the field of public relations in Turkey. The data collected shows that the reason why there are more women than men in this field is the sexist point of view. Problems in the academic education and job definition of the profession result in the misperception of public relations in Turkey. It is seen that public relations which is associated with womanly behavior is not preferred by men as a profession. Furthermore, the fact that women work more as technicians whereas men work as executives in the sector and salaries are two issues that have come up throughout the study.

References

  • Aldoory, L. and Toth, E. (2002). “Gender Discrepancies in a Gendered Profession: A Developing Theory for Public Relations”. Journal of Public Relations Research. 14(2). 103-126.
  • Al Saqer, S. (2008). “Experience of Female Public Relations Practitioners in Bahrain”. Public Relations Review. 34. 77-79.
  • Becerikli, S. Y. (2008). ...Ve Halkla İlişkiler Şeytanın Avukatlığından Arabuluculuğa; Bir Disiplinin Eleştirel Analizi. Ankara: Karınca Yayınları.
  • Bıçakçı, A. B. and Hürmeriç, P. (2013). “Milestones in Turkish Public Relations History”. Public Relations Review. 39. 91-100.
  • Broom, G. M. (1982). “A Comparison of Sex Role in Public Relations”. Public Relations Review. 8. 17-22.
  • Broom, G. M. and Dozier, D. M. (1986). “Advancement for Public Relations Role Models”. Public Relations Review. 12. 37-56.
  • Chavez, C. (2012). “Hispanic Agencies and Profits of Distinction: An Examination of the Advertising Industry as a Field of Cultural Production”. Consumption Markets & Culture. 1-19.
  • Ciner, O. (2003). Halkla İlişkiler Sektöründe Cinsiyete Dayalı Ayrımcılık (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Cline, C. G., Toth, E. L., Turk, J. V., Walters, L. M., Johnson, N., Smith, H. (1986). The Velvet Ghetto: The Impact of the Increasing Percentage of Women in Public Relations and Business Communication. San Francisco: International Association of Business Communications Foundation. Erdoğan, I. (2008). Teori ve Pratikte Halkla İlişkiler. Ankara: Pozitif Matbaacılık.
  • Erzikova, E. and Berger, B. K. (2016). “Gender Effect in Russian Public Relations: A Perfect Storm of Obstacles for Women”. Women’s Studies International Forum. 56. 28 36.
  • Grunig, L. A., Toth, E. L., Hon, L. C. (2001). Women in Public Relations: How Gender Influences Practice. New York: Guilford.
  • Hon, L. C., Grunig, L. A., Dozier, D. M. (2005). Women in Public Relations: Problems and Opportunities. J. Grunig (ed.) Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. (419-438). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Khazan, O. (2014, August 8). Why Are There So Many Women in Public Relations?. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/08/whyare-there-so-many-women-in-pr/375693/.
  • Lindlof, T. R. and Taylor, B. C. (2017). Qualitative Communication Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • McCracken, G. (1951). The Long Interview. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Nasr, R. (2015, May 28). Best Jobs for Women in 2015. CNBC. http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/28/the-best-jobs-for-women-in-2015-.html?slide=11.
  • Okay, A. and Okay, A. (2007). Halkla İlişkiler Kavram Strateji ve Uygulamaları. İstanbul:Der Yayınları.
  • Öksüz, B. and Görpe, S. (2014). “Türkiye’de Halkla İlişkiler Alanında Kadının Yeri: Akademisyenler, Uygulamacılar ve Meslek Örgütü Temsilcilerinin Konuya Yaklaşımları”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi. 47. 125-142.
  • PR Daily. (2011, March 3). In the PR World, Men Still Earn More Than Women. PRDaily. http://www.prdaily.com/Main/Articles/In_the_PR_world_men_still_ earn_more_than_women_7411.aspx.
  • Salzman, M. (2014, September 23). Why Are There So Many Women in PR?. PR Say. http://prsay.prsa.org/index.php/2014/09/23/why-are-there-so-manywomen- in-pr/.
  • Tanyıldızı, N. I. (2011). “Türkiye’de Halkla İlişkiler Mesleğinde Kadın”. KMU Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 13(20). 75-81.
  • Toth, E. L. and Cline, C. G. (1989). Beyond the Velvet Ghetto. San Franscisco: IABC Foundation.
  • Toth, E. L., Serini, S. A., Wright, D. K., Emig, A. G. (1998). “Trends in Public Relations Roles: 1990-1995”. Public Relations Review. 24. 145-163.
  • TÜHİD. (2018a). Tühid Üyeleri. http://www.tuhid.org/tuhid-uyeleri.html.
  • ---------- (2018b). Yönetim Kurulu. http://www.tuhid.org/yonetim-kurulu.html.
  • ---------- (2018c). İletişim Fakülteleri. http://www.tuhid.org/yerli-iletisim-fakulteleri.html.
  • TÜİK. (2018, March 6). İstatistiklerle Kadın 2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaber-Bultenleri.do?id=27594.
  • Wright, D. K., Grunig, L. A., Springston, J. K., Toth, E. L. (1991). Under the Glass Ceiling: An Analysis of Gender Issues in American Public Relations. New York: PRSA Foundation.
  • Yıldırım, D., and Metin, S. (2006). “Halkla İlişkiler ve Cinsiyet”. Proceedings of II. Ulusal Halkla Ilişkiler Sempozyumu. 21. Yüzyılda Halkla İlişkilerde Yeni Yönelimler, Sorunlar ve Çözümler. (45-50). Turkey.
Year 2019, , 152 - 166, 07.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68

Abstract

References

  • Aldoory, L. and Toth, E. (2002). “Gender Discrepancies in a Gendered Profession: A Developing Theory for Public Relations”. Journal of Public Relations Research. 14(2). 103-126.
  • Al Saqer, S. (2008). “Experience of Female Public Relations Practitioners in Bahrain”. Public Relations Review. 34. 77-79.
  • Becerikli, S. Y. (2008). ...Ve Halkla İlişkiler Şeytanın Avukatlığından Arabuluculuğa; Bir Disiplinin Eleştirel Analizi. Ankara: Karınca Yayınları.
  • Bıçakçı, A. B. and Hürmeriç, P. (2013). “Milestones in Turkish Public Relations History”. Public Relations Review. 39. 91-100.
  • Broom, G. M. (1982). “A Comparison of Sex Role in Public Relations”. Public Relations Review. 8. 17-22.
  • Broom, G. M. and Dozier, D. M. (1986). “Advancement for Public Relations Role Models”. Public Relations Review. 12. 37-56.
  • Chavez, C. (2012). “Hispanic Agencies and Profits of Distinction: An Examination of the Advertising Industry as a Field of Cultural Production”. Consumption Markets & Culture. 1-19.
  • Ciner, O. (2003). Halkla İlişkiler Sektöründe Cinsiyete Dayalı Ayrımcılık (Unpublished Master’s Thesis). Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü.
  • Cline, C. G., Toth, E. L., Turk, J. V., Walters, L. M., Johnson, N., Smith, H. (1986). The Velvet Ghetto: The Impact of the Increasing Percentage of Women in Public Relations and Business Communication. San Francisco: International Association of Business Communications Foundation. Erdoğan, I. (2008). Teori ve Pratikte Halkla İlişkiler. Ankara: Pozitif Matbaacılık.
  • Erzikova, E. and Berger, B. K. (2016). “Gender Effect in Russian Public Relations: A Perfect Storm of Obstacles for Women”. Women’s Studies International Forum. 56. 28 36.
  • Grunig, L. A., Toth, E. L., Hon, L. C. (2001). Women in Public Relations: How Gender Influences Practice. New York: Guilford.
  • Hon, L. C., Grunig, L. A., Dozier, D. M. (2005). Women in Public Relations: Problems and Opportunities. J. Grunig (ed.) Excellence in Public Relations and Communication Management. (419-438). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Khazan, O. (2014, August 8). Why Are There So Many Women in Public Relations?. The Atlantic. http://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2014/08/whyare-there-so-many-women-in-pr/375693/.
  • Lindlof, T. R. and Taylor, B. C. (2017). Qualitative Communication Research Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
  • McCracken, G. (1951). The Long Interview. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
  • Nasr, R. (2015, May 28). Best Jobs for Women in 2015. CNBC. http://www.cnbc.com/2015/05/28/the-best-jobs-for-women-in-2015-.html?slide=11.
  • Okay, A. and Okay, A. (2007). Halkla İlişkiler Kavram Strateji ve Uygulamaları. İstanbul:Der Yayınları.
  • Öksüz, B. and Görpe, S. (2014). “Türkiye’de Halkla İlişkiler Alanında Kadının Yeri: Akademisyenler, Uygulamacılar ve Meslek Örgütü Temsilcilerinin Konuya Yaklaşımları”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi. 47. 125-142.
  • PR Daily. (2011, March 3). In the PR World, Men Still Earn More Than Women. PRDaily. http://www.prdaily.com/Main/Articles/In_the_PR_world_men_still_ earn_more_than_women_7411.aspx.
  • Salzman, M. (2014, September 23). Why Are There So Many Women in PR?. PR Say. http://prsay.prsa.org/index.php/2014/09/23/why-are-there-so-manywomen- in-pr/.
  • Tanyıldızı, N. I. (2011). “Türkiye’de Halkla İlişkiler Mesleğinde Kadın”. KMU Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi. 13(20). 75-81.
  • Toth, E. L. and Cline, C. G. (1989). Beyond the Velvet Ghetto. San Franscisco: IABC Foundation.
  • Toth, E. L., Serini, S. A., Wright, D. K., Emig, A. G. (1998). “Trends in Public Relations Roles: 1990-1995”. Public Relations Review. 24. 145-163.
  • TÜHİD. (2018a). Tühid Üyeleri. http://www.tuhid.org/tuhid-uyeleri.html.
  • ---------- (2018b). Yönetim Kurulu. http://www.tuhid.org/yonetim-kurulu.html.
  • ---------- (2018c). İletişim Fakülteleri. http://www.tuhid.org/yerli-iletisim-fakulteleri.html.
  • TÜİK. (2018, March 6). İstatistiklerle Kadın 2017. http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreHaber-Bultenleri.do?id=27594.
  • Wright, D. K., Grunig, L. A., Springston, J. K., Toth, E. L. (1991). Under the Glass Ceiling: An Analysis of Gender Issues in American Public Relations. New York: PRSA Foundation.
  • Yıldırım, D., and Metin, S. (2006). “Halkla İlişkiler ve Cinsiyet”. Proceedings of II. Ulusal Halkla Ilişkiler Sempozyumu. 21. Yüzyılda Halkla İlişkilerde Yeni Yönelimler, Sorunlar ve Çözümler. (45-50). Turkey.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tuğçe Ertem Eray This is me 0000-0002-5199-3159

Pınar Aslan This is me 0000-0002-2500-8055

Publication Date October 7, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

APA Ertem Eray, T., & Aslan, P. (2019). Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts. Etkileşim(4), 152-166. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68
AMA Ertem Eray T, Aslan P. Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts. Etkileşim. October 2019;(4):152-166. doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68
Chicago Ertem Eray, Tuğçe, and Pınar Aslan. “Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts”. Etkileşim, no. 4 (October 2019): 152-66. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68.
EndNote Ertem Eray T, Aslan P (October 1, 2019) Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts. Etkileşim 4 152–166.
IEEE T. Ertem Eray and P. Aslan, “Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts”, Etkileşim, no. 4, pp. 152–166, October 2019, doi: 10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68.
ISNAD Ertem Eray, Tuğçe - Aslan, Pınar. “Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts”. Etkileşim 4 (October 2019), 152-166. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68.
JAMA Ertem Eray T, Aslan P. Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts. Etkileşim. 2019;:152–166.
MLA Ertem Eray, Tuğçe and Pınar Aslan. “Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts”. Etkileşim, no. 4, 2019, pp. 152-66, doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2019.4.68.
Vancouver Ertem Eray T, Aslan P. Women and Public Relations: A Study on Turkey’s Female PR Experts. Etkileşim. 2019(4):152-66.