Research Article
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Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites

Year 2020, Issue: 6, 36 - 49, 09.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.74

Abstract

The study explored the phenomenon of nonverbal communication with its focus on emoji. Basically, the researcher examined five social networking  sites (SNS) - (Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Snapchat, and Twitter) in order to ascertain which of the SNS the research population uses emoji more often. Furthermore, the researcher explored the gender disparity in the use of emoji. The study employed the quantitative research method to achieve this end, precisely the survey technique. The hyperpersonal communication theory underpins and guides the research. Findings from the study indicate that a considerable number of the research population (48.93%) considers WhatsApp’s emojis as the most often used, followed by Facebook. Analysis of data further revealed that both genders- male and female use emoji evenly. The male, 71 respondents representing 50.35% use emoji and 70 respondents; that is, 49.65% of the female equally use emoji for communication purposes. The study concludes that emojis are conduit pipes through which Internet users display their expertise in the manoeuvering of computer-mediated communication, specifically nonverbal communication; hence, researchers indicate that this calls for further scholarly investigation in this research domain.

References

  • Birdwhistell, R. L. (1952). Introduction to kinesics: An annotation system for analysis of body motion and gesture. Louisville, KY: Louisville University Press.
  • Brisson, C. (2015). Hieroglyphs at our fingertips: Language, semiotics and communication through emoji. https://www.academia.edu/12568625/Hieroglyphs_ at_Our_Fingertips_Language_Semiotics_and_Communication_through_Emoji.
  • Derks, D., Fischer, A. H., Bos, A. E. (2008). The role of emotion in computer mediated communication: A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 766-785.
  • Dresner, E. and Herring, S.C. (2010). Functions of the nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and illocutionary force. Communication Theory, 20, 249-268. Emogi Research Team. (2015). Emoji report. https://cdn.emogi.com/docs/reports/2015_emoji_report.pdf.
  • Fast, J. (1970). Body language. New York: Neirenberg.
  • Hinz, L. (2015). The functions of emoticons and pictograms in instant messengers. Living Linguistics, 92-103.
  • Innocent, T. and Haines, S. (2007). Nonverbal communication in multiplayer game worlds. Proceedings of the 4th Australasian Conference on Interactive Environment. RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Jibril, T. and Abdullah, M. (2013). Relevance of emoticons in computer-mediated communication contexts: An overview. Asian Social Science, 9(4), 201-207.
  • Kumari, R. and Ganagwar, R. (2018). A critical study of digital nonverbal communication in interpersonal and group communication: In context of social media. International Journal of Communication and Media Studies (IJCMS, 8(4) 1-12.
  • Li, L. and Yang, Y. (2018). Pragmatic functions of emoji in internet based communication---a corpus-based study. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-018-0057-z.
  • Luor, T., Wu, L. L., Lu, H. P. and Tao, Y. H. (2010). The effect of emoticons in simplex and complex task-oriented communication: An empirical study of instant messaging. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 889-895.
  • Lupyan, G. and Dale, R. (2016). Why are there different languages? The role of adaptation in linguistic diversity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(9), 649-660.
  • Maíz-Arévalo, C. (2015). Typographic alteration in formal computer-mediated communication. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 212, 140-145.
  • Mitchell, A. A. (1986). The effect of verbal and visual components of advertisements on brand attitudes and attitude toward the ad. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 12-24.
  • Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A. and Nielsen, R.K. (2019). Reuters Institute digital news report 2019. Reuters Institute. https://reutersinstitute. politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-06/DNR_2019_FINAL_0.pdf.
  • Provine, R. R., Spencer, R. J. and Mandell, D. L. (2007). Emotional expression online emoticons punctuate website text messages. J Language Social Psychology, 26(3), 299-307.
  • Sakai, N. (2013). The role of sentence closing as an emotional marker: A case of Japanese mobile phone e-mail. Discourse, Context and Media, 2, 149-155.
  • Sampietro, A. (2015). Are emoji the new punctuation marks? Insights from Whatsapp chats. Approaches to Digital Discourse Analysis (1-18). Valencia.
  • Stark, L. and Crawford, K. (2015). The conservatism of emoji: Work, affect, and communication. Sage Publication.
  • Thompson, P. A. and Foulger, D. A. (1996). Effects of Pictographs and quoting on flaming in electronic mail. Computers in Human Behavior, 12, 225-243.
  • Walther, J. B. (1996). Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective. Communication Research, 19(52), 52-90.

Emoji ve Sözsüz İletişim: Sosyal Ağ Siteleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Year 2020, Issue: 6, 36 - 49, 09.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.74

Abstract

References

  • Birdwhistell, R. L. (1952). Introduction to kinesics: An annotation system for analysis of body motion and gesture. Louisville, KY: Louisville University Press.
  • Brisson, C. (2015). Hieroglyphs at our fingertips: Language, semiotics and communication through emoji. https://www.academia.edu/12568625/Hieroglyphs_ at_Our_Fingertips_Language_Semiotics_and_Communication_through_Emoji.
  • Derks, D., Fischer, A. H., Bos, A. E. (2008). The role of emotion in computer mediated communication: A review. Computers in Human Behavior, 24, 766-785.
  • Dresner, E. and Herring, S.C. (2010). Functions of the nonverbal in CMC: Emoticons and illocutionary force. Communication Theory, 20, 249-268. Emogi Research Team. (2015). Emoji report. https://cdn.emogi.com/docs/reports/2015_emoji_report.pdf.
  • Fast, J. (1970). Body language. New York: Neirenberg.
  • Hinz, L. (2015). The functions of emoticons and pictograms in instant messengers. Living Linguistics, 92-103.
  • Innocent, T. and Haines, S. (2007). Nonverbal communication in multiplayer game worlds. Proceedings of the 4th Australasian Conference on Interactive Environment. RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia.
  • Jibril, T. and Abdullah, M. (2013). Relevance of emoticons in computer-mediated communication contexts: An overview. Asian Social Science, 9(4), 201-207.
  • Kumari, R. and Ganagwar, R. (2018). A critical study of digital nonverbal communication in interpersonal and group communication: In context of social media. International Journal of Communication and Media Studies (IJCMS, 8(4) 1-12.
  • Li, L. and Yang, Y. (2018). Pragmatic functions of emoji in internet based communication---a corpus-based study. Asian-Pacific Journal of Second and Foreign Language Education, https://doi.org/10.1186/s40862-018-0057-z.
  • Luor, T., Wu, L. L., Lu, H. P. and Tao, Y. H. (2010). The effect of emoticons in simplex and complex task-oriented communication: An empirical study of instant messaging. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 889-895.
  • Lupyan, G. and Dale, R. (2016). Why are there different languages? The role of adaptation in linguistic diversity. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(9), 649-660.
  • Maíz-Arévalo, C. (2015). Typographic alteration in formal computer-mediated communication. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 212, 140-145.
  • Mitchell, A. A. (1986). The effect of verbal and visual components of advertisements on brand attitudes and attitude toward the ad. Journal of Consumer Research, 13, 12-24.
  • Newman, N., Fletcher, R., Kalogeropoulos, A. and Nielsen, R.K. (2019). Reuters Institute digital news report 2019. Reuters Institute. https://reutersinstitute. politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2019-06/DNR_2019_FINAL_0.pdf.
  • Provine, R. R., Spencer, R. J. and Mandell, D. L. (2007). Emotional expression online emoticons punctuate website text messages. J Language Social Psychology, 26(3), 299-307.
  • Sakai, N. (2013). The role of sentence closing as an emotional marker: A case of Japanese mobile phone e-mail. Discourse, Context and Media, 2, 149-155.
  • Sampietro, A. (2015). Are emoji the new punctuation marks? Insights from Whatsapp chats. Approaches to Digital Discourse Analysis (1-18). Valencia.
  • Stark, L. and Crawford, K. (2015). The conservatism of emoji: Work, affect, and communication. Sage Publication.
  • Thompson, P. A. and Foulger, D. A. (1996). Effects of Pictographs and quoting on flaming in electronic mail. Computers in Human Behavior, 12, 225-243.
  • Walther, J. B. (1996). Interpersonal effects in computer-mediated interaction: A relational perspective. Communication Research, 19(52), 52-90.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Communication and Media Studies
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Silas Udenze This is me 0000-0002-4785-2126

Publication Date October 9, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Issue: 6

Cite

APA Udenze, S. (2020). Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites. Etkileşim(6), 36-49. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.74
AMA Udenze S. Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites. Etkileşim. October 2020;(6):36-49. doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.74
Chicago Udenze, Silas. “Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites”. Etkileşim, no. 6 (October 2020): 36-49. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.74.
EndNote Udenze S (October 1, 2020) Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites. Etkileşim 6 36–49.
IEEE S. Udenze, “Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites”, Etkileşim, no. 6, pp. 36–49, October 2020, doi: 10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.74.
ISNAD Udenze, Silas. “Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites”. Etkileşim 6 (October 2020), 36-49. https://doi.org/10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.74.
JAMA Udenze S. Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites. Etkileşim. 2020;:36–49.
MLA Udenze, Silas. “Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites”. Etkileşim, no. 6, 2020, pp. 36-49, doi:10.32739/etkilesim.2020.6.74.
Vancouver Udenze S. Emoji and Nonverbal Communication: An Examination of Social Networking Sites. Etkileşim. 2020(6):36-49.

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