6G AĞLARDA ARAÇLARIN HABERLEŞMESİ: GELİŞİMİ, ETKİNLEŞTİRİCİ TEKNOLOJİLER VE GÜVENLİK

Abstract

Yüksek veri hızı, kısa gecikme süresi ve düşük enerji tüketimini içeren amaçlarıyla 5G haberleşme teknolojilerinin standartlaşma çalışmaları sürmekteyken; yüksek bağlantılılığı ve kesintisiz haberleşmeyi esas alan, yeniden konfigüre edilebilir akıllı yüzeylerin yer alabildiği ve çeşitli yörünge seviyelerinde uydu veya insansız hava araçlarının daha etkin şekilde entegre olduğu, aynı zamanda güvenlik unsurunun haberleşme gereksinimleri kadar öne çıktığı ve daha zorlayıcı anahtar performans göstergelerine sahip 6G teknolojileri konusunda kuramsal ve deneysel araştırmalar büyük bir hızla sürdürülmektedir. 6G haberleşme ağlarındaki kritik kullanım senaryolarından biri olarak değerlendirilen araçların haberleşmesi için ortaya çıkabilecek güvenlik problemleri ve olası çözümleri ise önemli araştırma alanlarından birini oluşturmaktadır. Haberleşmenin yüksek veri hızında, kesintisiz ve güvenli şekilde gerçekleşmesi hedeflendiğinde; özellikle otonom araçlar için yol güvenliği ve konvoy sürüşü gibi araçlar arası haberleşmenin doğasından kaynaklanan zorluk senaryolar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Otonom sürüş konusunda haberleşme güvenliği ön planda yer alırken, araçtan her şeye (vehicle-to-everyhing, V2X) haberleşme ve araçların interneti (internet of vehicles, IoV) sistemlerinin tasarımlarında blok zincir, kuantum hesaplama ve yapay zekâ teknikleri dâhil yenilikçi yöntem ve algoritmaların geliştirilmesinin önemi artmaktadır. Bu makale ile 6G haberleşme sistemlerinin önemli bir parçasını oluşturacak araç haberleşmesinin gelişimi, yenilikçi teknolojileri ve güvenlik konularına odaklanılmakta, literatürde yapılan çalışmalar derlenerek yeni gelişme alanları ve odak noktaları detaylandırılmaktadır.

Keywords

• 6G Haberleşmesi
• Araçtan her şeye (V2X) haberleşme
• Araçların interneti (IoV)
• Blok zincir
• Kuantum hesaplama
• Birleşik öğrenme

Vehicular Communications in 6G Networks: Development, Enabling Technologies, and Security

Abstract

While standardization studies of 5G communication technologies aiming for high data rates, low latency, and low-energy consumption are ongoing, theoretical and experimental research on 6G technologies are carried out at a great pace focusing on high connectivity and seamless communications, where reconfigurable intelligent surfaces and unmanned aerial vehicles or satellites at various orbital levels can be integrated, besides having prominent security requirements as communication performance, and more compelling key performance indicators. Security problems and possible solutions constitute an important research area in vehicular communications considered as a critical usage scenario in 6G communication networks. With the aim of realizing communications at high data rates in secure and seamless manner, difficulties arising from the nature of vehicle-to-vehicle communications such as road safety and convoy driving come to the fore. As communication security comes forward in autonomous driving, the importance of developing innovative techniques, including blockchain, quantum computing, and artificial intelligence, is increasing in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and internet of vehicles (IoV) system designs. This article focuses on the development of vehicular communications, innovative technologies, and security issues, which constitute an important part of 6G communication systems, and the state-of-art studies are compiled and new development areas and focal points are detailed.

Keywords

• 6G Communications
• Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications
• Internet of Vehicles (IoV)
• Blockchain
• Quantum computing
• Federated learning

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