AĞIR SANAYİİ KARBONSUZLAŞTIRMA ve YEŞİL ÇELİKLER

Abstract

Çimento, çelik ve kimyasalların üretimi; kara, deniz ve hava yolu ulaşımı; evlerde ve iş yerlerindeki ısıtma ve soğutma işlevleri enerji obur ve çevre oburdur. Yeni atılım olarak, enerji bağlamında sürdürülebilir-yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları öne çıkarken, çevre bağlamında karbonsuzlaştırma (dekarbonizasyon) başı çekmektedir. Bugün endüstri dünyasında, “Karbonsuzlaştırma 1 trilyon dolarlık bir iş kolu olur mu?” sorusu sorulmaya başlanmıştır. Ağır sanayi, özellikle çelik sektörü özelinde karbonsuz ekosistemin oluşturulmasındaki zorlukları tartışmak ve incelemek bu çalışmanın ana temasıdır.

Keywords

• Karbonsuzlaştırma
• Yeşil Çelik
• Sünger Demir
• Sıvı Oksit Elektrolizi

Decarbonization of Heavy Industry and Green Steels

Abstract

The production of cement, steel, and chemicals; land, sea and air transportation; heating and cooling functions in homes and workplaces are energy-hungry and environmentally detrimental. As a new breakthrough, sustainable-renewable energy sources come to the fore in the energy context, while decarbonization takes the lead in the environmental context. Today, the question " Can carbon removal become a 1 trillion-dollar business?" is being asked in the industrial world. Obviously, a carbonless economy is difficult in heavy industry, especially in the steel sector. The main theme of this study is to discuss and examine the challenges of a decarbonized economy in heavy industry, especially in the steel sector.

Keywords

• Decarburization
• Green Steel
• Sponge Iron
• Liquid Oxide Electrolysis

References

1. Abdeen Mustafa Omer, (2008), Focus on low carbon technologies: The positive solution, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,Volume 12, Issue 9, Sayfa 2331-2357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2007.04.015.
2. Allanore A., Yin L. ve Sadoway D. R. (2013), A new anode material for oxygen evolution in molten oxide electrolysis, Nature, 497, 353–356, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12134
3. Benson, S. M., & Orr, F. M. (2008). Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. MRS Bulletin, 33(4), 303–305. doi:10.1557/mrs2008.63
4. Carter, M.S., Hauggaard-Nielsen, H., Heiske, S., Jensen, M., Thomsen, S.T., Schmidt, J.E., Johansen, A. and Ambus, P. (2012), Consequences of field N2O emissions for the environmental sustainability of plant-based biofuels produced within an organic farming system. Glob. Change Biol. Bioenergy, 4: 435-452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01132.x.
5. Dell’Aversano, S., Villante, C., Gallucci, K., Vanga, G., & Di Giuliano, A. (2024). E-Fuels: A Comprehensive Review of the Most Promising Technological Alternatives towards an Energy Transition. Energies, 17(16), 3995. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17163995
6. Draxler M., Schenk J., Bürgler T. ve Sormann A., Berg (2020), The steel industry in the european union on the crossroad to carbon lean production—status, initiatives and challenges, BHM Berg- und Huettenmaenn Monatsh, 165 (5) 221–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00501-020-00975-2
7. https://driftinginandoutofsteel.wordpress.com/tag/processes, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
8. https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2022/04/new-eth-unicorn-climeworks-raises-chf-600-million.html, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024

9. https://www.iipinetwork.org/wp-content/Ietd/content/direct-reduced-iron.html, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
10. https://www.ispatguru.com/green-steelmaking/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
11. https://www.steelradar.com/en/afrika-ormani-altinda-gomulu-demir-cevheri-zenginlikleri-icin-yaris- basladi-77890/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
12. https://www.teriin.org/sites/default/files/2021-08/Direct%20Reduction%20of%20Iron%20Process.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
13. https://watchwire.ai/carbon-capture-utilization-storage-pipe-dream-potential-solution/, Erişim Tarihi: 23.09.2024
14. Holappa L., (2020), A general vision for reduction of energy consumption and CO2 emissions from the steel industry, Metals, 10(9), 1117. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091117
15. Jinsoo Kim, Benjamin K. Sovacool, Morgan Bazilian, Steve Griffiths, Junghwan Lee, Minyoung Yang, Jordy Lee, (2022), Decarbonizing the iron and steel industry: A systematic review of sociotechnical systems, technological innovations, and policy options, Energy Research & Social Science, Sayı 89, 102565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2022.102565.
16. Mattisson, Tobias, (2013), Materials for Chemical-Looping with Oxygen Uncoupling, International Scholarly Research Notices, 526375, 19 pages, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/526375
17. Li, G., & Yao, J. (2024). Direct Air Capture (DAC) for Achieving Net-Zero CO2 Emissions: Advances, Applications, and Challenges. Eng, 5(3), 1298-1336. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng5030069
18. Pei M., Petäjäniem M., Regnell A., ve Wijk O., (2020), Toward a fossil free future with hybrit: development of iron and steelmaking technology in Sweden and Finland, Metals, 10(7), 972. https://doi.org/10.3390/met10070972
19. Rechberger K., Spanlang A., Conde A. S., Wolfmeir H. ve Harris C., (2020), Green hydrogen-based direct reduction for low-carbon steelmaking, Steel Research International, 91. https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.202000110
20. Reddy, V. J., Hariram, N. P., Maity, R., Ghazali, M. F., & Kumarasamy, S. (2023). Sustainable E-Fuels: Green Hydrogen, Methanol and Ammonia for Carbon-Neutral Transportation. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 14(12), 349. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj14120349
21. Romasheva, N., & Cherepovitsyna, A. (2023). Renewable Energy Sources in Decarbonization: The Case of Foreign and Russian Oil and Gas Companies. Sustainability, 15(9), 7416. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097416
22. Rosson, E., Sgarbossa, P., Pedrielli, F. et al. , (2021), Bioliquids from raw waste animal fats: an alternative renewable energy source. Biomass Conv. Bioref. 11, 1475–1490. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00634-z
23. Shahabuddin M., Brooks G., Rhamdhani M. A., (2023), Decarbonisation and hydrogen integration of steel industries: Recent development, challenges and technoeconomic analysis, Journal of Cleaner Production, 395, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136391
24. Şahin S., (2012), Endüstri çelik üretimini karbondan arındırabilir mi?, İnovatif Kimya Dergisi
25. Tecdelioğlu Mustafa, (2024), Çelik üretiminde hidrojen kullanımı ne kadar mümkün?
26. The Economist, (2023a), Green energy:Making petrol from thin air, June 10th, 68
27. The Economist, (2023b), Net zero flying: Green sky thinking, May 20th, 58-60
28. The Economist, (2023)c, Climate technology: A giant sucking sound, May 27th, 55-57
29. The Economist, (2023d), Carbon removal:The great carbon valley, June 17th, 27-28
30. The Economist, (2023e), Decarbonising industry, June 16th, 69
31. The Economist, (2023f), Metallurgy and global warming, June 3rd, 69
32. White, C. M., Strazisar, B. R., Granite, E. J., Hoffman, J. S., & Pennline, H. W., (2003), Separation and Capture of CO2 from Large Stationary Sources and Sequestration in Geological Formations—Coalbeds and Deep Saline Aquifers. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 53(6), 645–715. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2003.10466206
33. Yılmaz F., (2023) “Ağır sanayi ve karbonsuzlaştırılması”, Ekonomim/Köşe yazısı.
34. Yılmaz F., (2021), Hava kirliliği, bileşenleri ve sağlık, FSM İlmî Araştırmalar İnsan ve Toplum Bilimleri Dergisi, 18 Güz, s:242-244
35. Zhiyuan Fan, S. Julio Friedmann, (2021), Low-carbon production of iron and steel: Technology options, economic assessment, and policy, Joule, Volume 5, Issue 4, Pages 829-862, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.02.018.