Characterization of Total Fields Radiated from a Circular Aperture: A Comparative Analysis for Opaque, PEC, and PMC Surfaces

Abstract

This study comparatively investigates the behavior of total fields radiated from a circular aperture on opaque, Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC), and Perfect Magnetic Conductor (PMC) surfaces. The total field calculations were performed using the Boundary Diffraction Wave Theory (BDWT) and the Generalized BDWT (GBDWT), and the analyses were based on the vector potential formulation introduced by Miyamoto and Wolf. The obtained non-uniform total field expressions were transformed into a uniform form by employing the detour parameter and the asymptotic properties of the Fresnel function. For opaque surfaces, only the incident wave was considered, while for PEC and PMC surfaces, both incident and reflected waves were included. The spatial distribution of the total field was graphically compared for various aperture radii and observation distances, and the influence of surface type on the field was analyzed in detail. The results show that the amplitude and phase characteristics of the total field vary significantly depending on surface type; in particular, high-frequency interference patterns appear on PEC surfaces, whereas amplitude distributions are smoother and lower on opaque surfaces. The findings reveal, both qualitatively and quantitatively, the significant role of surface properties in determining the total field behavior. Furthermore, this study provides a useful reference for surface selection and optimization in engineering applications such as antenna design, electromagnetic shielding, and radar cross-section (RCS) reduction. 

Keywords

• Circular Aperture
• Extended Boundary Diffraction Wave Theory (EBDWT)
• Characterization
• Opaque Surface
• PEC/PMC
• Total Field

DAİRESEL AÇIKLIKTAN OLUŞAN TOPLAM ALANLARIN KARAKTERİZASYONU: OPAK, PEC VE PMC YÜZEYLER İÇİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZ

Abstract

Bu çalışma, dairesel bir açıklıktan yayılan toplam alanların Opak, Mükemmel Elektrik İletken (PEC) ve Mükemmel Manyetik İletken (PMC) yüzeylerdeki davranışlarını karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektedir. Toplam alan hesaplamalarında Sınır Kırınım Dalgası Teorisi (SKDT) ile Genelleştirilmiş SKDT (GSKDT) yöntemleri kullanılmış, analizler, Miyamoto ve Wolf tarafından tanımlanan vektör potansiyeli temeline dayandırılmıştır. Elde edilen non-uniform toplam alan ifadeleri, Detour parametresi ve Fresnel fonksiyonunun asimptotik özellikleri kullanılarak uniform forma dönüştürülmüştür. Opak yüzeylerde yalnızca gelen dalga dikkate alınırken, PEC ve PMC yüzeylerde hem gelen hem de yansıyan dalgalar hesaba katılmıştır. Farklı açıklık yarıçapları ve gözlem mesafeleri için toplam alanın uzaysal dağılımı grafiksel olarak karşılaştırılmış, yüzey tiplerinin alan üzerindeki etkileri ayrıntılı biçimde analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, toplam alanın genlik ve faz karakteristiğinin yüzey tipine bağlı olarak belirgin biçimde değiştiğini göstermekte; özellikle PEC yüzeylerde yüksek frekanslı girişim desenleri, opak yüzeylerde ise daha düşük genlikli ve düzgün bir dağılım gözlenmektedir. Elde edilen bulgular, yüzey özelliklerinin toplam alan davranışı üzerindeki rolünü hem nitel hem de nicel olarak ortaya koymakta; anten tasarımı, elektromanyetik kalkanlama ve radar kesit alanı (RCS) azaltımı gibi mühendislik uygulamalarında yüzey seçimi ve optimizasyonu için yol gösterici bir referans sunmaktadır. 

Keywords

• Dairesel Açıklık
• Genelleştirilmiş Sınır Kırınım Dalgası Teorisi (GSKDT)
• Karakterizasyon
• Opak Yüzey
• PEC/PMC
• Toplam Alan

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