EĞİTİM YAPILARINDA FİZİKSEL ÇEVRE KALİTESİNİN KULLANICI MEMNUNİYETİ AÇISINDAN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada Uludag Üniversitesi Gorukle Yerleşkesi’nde yer alan 2 ayrı mühendislik bölümüne ait binalardaki iç mekân fiziksel çevre kalitesi kullanıcı görüşleri alınarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu değerlendirmenin yapılabilmesi için fiziksel çevre kalitesini oluşturan unsurlar çalışma yazarları tarafından belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın yöntemi aşağıdaki aşamalarda gerçekleşmiştir: ilk aşamada fiziksel çevre kalitesine ile ilgili literatür analizi yapılmıştır. Literatür analizinde öne çıkan anahtar kavramlardan yola çıkarak bu kavramların sorgulanmasına ilişkin kullanıcı görüşlerini almaya yönelik olarak anket hazırlanmıştır. Literatür analizi sonrasında ortaya konulan anahtar kavramlar Ulaşılabilirlik, Erişilebilirlik, Ergonomi, Isıl Konfor, İşitsel Konfor, Görsel Konfor, İç Hava Kalitesi, Hizmet Mekânları, Sosyalleşmedir. Bu değerlendirmenin amacı, mekân kullanımında öğrenciler için önemli olan kriterleri tespit etmek ve binanın ihtiyaç duyulan performans koşullarını yerine getirmesine olanak sağlamaktır

Keywords

• Eğitim Binası,Kullanım Sürecinde Değerlendirme; Fiziksel Çevre Kontrolü; Erişilebilirlik

The Evaluation of Physical Space Quality in Education Buildings in Regard to User Satisfaction

Abstract

In this study, physical space quality of two different engineering department buildings in Uludag University Gorukle Campus, Bursa, Turkey are analyzed in regard to user evaluations about the physical space quality. In the analysis of these evaluations, criteria about physical space quality are predetermined by the authors. In the method of the study, the below phases are implemented. In first, the literature review about the physical space quality is done and then a questionnaire is prepared with regard to the key themes in literature review in order to evaluate the user satisfaction. The  key themes in user satisfaction questionnaire is accessibility, ergonomics, thermal comfort, audible comfort, visual comfort, inner space air quality, service spaces, socialization. The aim of this study is first to understand which criteria are important for the students and then to improve the physical space quality in regard to the dissatisfaction.

Keywords

• Education Buildings,Post Occupancy Evaluation; Environmental Control; Accessibility

References

1. Agraa, O. M. and Whitehead, B. (1968) A study of movement in a school building, Building Science, 2(4), 279-289. doi: 10.1016/007-3628(68)90008-X
2. Arena, A. P. and De Rosa, C. (2003) Life cycle assessment of energy and environmental implications of the implementation of conservation technologies in school buildings in Mendoza-Argentina: Arena, Building and Environment, 38(2), 359–368. doi: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/S0360-1323(02)00056-2
3. Avsar, Y.and Gonullu, M. T. (2005) Determination of safe distance between roadway and school buildings to get acceptable school outdoor noise level by using noise barriers, Building and Environment, 40(9), 1255-1260. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv. 2004.10.020
4. Baker, N. (1982) The influence of thermal comfort and user control on the design of a passive solar school building-Locksheath primary school, Energy and Buildings, 5(2), 135-145. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(82)90009-3
5. Becker, R. and Goldberger, I. and Paciuk, M. (2007) Improving energy performance of school buildings while ensuring indoor air quality ventilation, Building and Environment, 42(9), 3261-3276. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.08.016
6. Boneh, M. (1982) Environmental comfort in educational buildings — Influence of windows and other openings, Energy and Buildings, 4(3), 239-243. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0378-7788(82)90053-6
7. Butala, V. and Novak, P. (1999) Energy consumption and potential energy savings in old school buildings, Energy and Buildings, 29(3), 241-246. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(98)00062-0
8. Carter, D. J. (1984) The lighting of the St. Mary's School, Wallasey, Building and Environment, 19(4), 209-215. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(84)90001-5

9. Chan, F. (2001) Public school, public building: The role of the school in building the city, Cities, 18(3), 193-197. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0264-2751(01)00011-7
10. Clay, F. (1903) The ventilation of school buildings, The Lancet, 161, 760 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(01)85035-2
11. Clements-Croome, D.J. and Awbi, H.B. and Bakó-Biró, Zs and Kochhar, N. and Williams, M. (2008) Ventilation rates in schools, Building and Environment, 43(3), 362-367. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.03.018
12. Graça, V. A. C. and Kowaltowski, D. C. C. K. and Petrache, J. R. D. (2007) An evaluation method for school building design at the preliminary phase with optimisation of aspects of environmental comfort for the school system of the State São Paulo in Brazil, Building and Environment, 42(2), 984-999. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.10.020
13. Conceição, E.Z.E. and Lúcio, M.M.J.R. (2008) Thermal study of school buildings in winter conditions, Building and Environment, 43(5), 782-792. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/ j.buildenv.2007.01.029
14. Cooper, I. (1982) Design and use of British primary school buildings: an examination of government-endorsed advice, Design Studies, 3(1), 37-44. doi:10.1016/0142-694X(82)90078-3
15. Cooper, I. (1983) Heating standards or energy conservation? A review of British legislation for school buildings, Applied Energy, 15(4), 247-272. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(83)90056-9
16. De Rosa, C. and Basso, M. and Fernández, J.C. and Mitchell,J. and Esteves, A. and Pattini, A. and Arena, P. and Mesa, A. and Cantón, A. and Cortegoso, J.L. (2000) Energy efficient school buildings in central-western argentina an assessment of alternative typologies for the classroom tier world, Renewable Energy Congress VI, 601-606. ISBN 0-080-43865-2
17. DeClercq, P. and Cranz, G. (2014) Moving Beyond Seating-centered Learning Environments: Opportunities and Challenges Identified in a POE of a Campus Library, Journal of Academic Librarianship, 40(6), 574-584. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2014.08.005
18. Desideri, U. and Proietti, S. (2002) Analysis of energy consumption in the high schools of a province in central Italy, Energy and Buildings, 34(10), 1003–1016. doi: http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(02)00025-7
19. Dinç, P. and Onat, E. (2002) Bir ilköğretim yapısının bina programı ve tasarımı bağlamında değerlendirilmesi, Journal of Faculty of Engineering and Architecture Gazi University, 17(3), 35-55. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17341/gummfd.20127.
20. Elmallawany, A. (1983) Field investigations of the sound insulation in school buildings, Building and Environment, 18(1-2), 85-89. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(83) 90021-5
21. Elmallawany, A. (1980) Minimum acoustical requirements for school buildings, Applied Acoustics, 13(2), 137-144. doi:10.1016/0003-682X(80)90029-8
22. Erhorn, H. and Mroz, T. and Mørck, O. and Schmidt, F. and Schoff, L. and Thomsen, K. E. (2008) The Energy Concept Adviser—A tool to improve energy efficiency in educational buildings, Energy and Buildings, 40(4), 419-428. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.03.008
23. Filippín, C. (2005) Thermal response of solar and conventional school buildings to design- and human-driven factors, Renewable Energy, 30(3), 353-376. doi: http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.renene.2004.05.012
24. Ghaswala, S. K. (1968). School Buildings: KARL OTTO Vol. 1, 248 pp., Vol. 2, 312 pp. 95s. each. Illffe, London, 1966.
25. Harris, D. J. and Probert, S. D.and Nwokonkor and I. (1991) ‘Passive-solar’ schools in the UK, Applied Energy, 39(2), 145-171. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(91) 90027-U
26. Hassanain, M. A. (2007) Post-Occupancy Indoor Environmental Quality Evaluation of Student Housing Facilities, Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 3, 249–256. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17452007.2007.9684646
27. Hawkins, C. (1886) The School Buildings Of William Hunter, The Lancet, 127, 951.
28. Hernandez, P. and Burke, K. and Lewis, J. O. (2008) Development of energy performance benchmarks and building energy ratings for non-domestic buildings: An example for Irish primary schools, Energy and Buildings, 40(3), 249-254. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2007.02.020
29. Khedari, J. and Boonsri, B. and Hirunlabh, J. (2000), Ventilation impact of a solar chimney on indoor temperature fluctuation and air change in a school building, Energy and Buildings, 32(1), 89-93. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(99)00042-0
30. Krüger, E. L. and Dorigo, A. L. (2008) Daylighting analysis in a public school in Curitiba, Brazil Renewable Energy, 33(7), 1695-1702. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2007. 09.002
31. Kwok, A. G. and Chun, C. (2003) Thermal comfort in Japanese schools, Solar Energy, 74(3), 245-252. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0038-092X(03)00147-6
32. Lappalainen, S. and Kähkönen, E. and Loikkanen, P. and Palomäki, E. and Lindroos, O. and Reijula, K. (2001) Evaluation of priorities for repairing in moisture-damaged school buildings in Finland, Building and Environment, 36(8), 981-986. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(00)00082-2
33. Maitreya, V. K. (1979) Integrated design for school buildings, Building and Environment, 14(2), 119-124. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-1323(79)90016-7
34. Meklin, T. and Reponen, T. and Toivola, M. and Koponen, V. and Husman, T. and Hyvärinen, A. and Nevalainen, A. (2002) Size distributions of airborne microbes in moisture-damaged and reference school buildings of two construction types, Atmospheric Environment, 36(39-40), 6031-6039. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00769-0
35. Narucki, V. D. (2008) School building condition, school attendance, and academic achievement in New York city public schools: A mediation model, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 28, 278-286. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2008.02.008
36. Nicolas, J. and Poncelet, P. (1988) Solar-assisted heat pump system and in-ground energy storage in a school building, Solar Energy, 40(2), 117-125. doi:10.1016/0038-092X(88)90079-5
37. Santamouris, M. and Balaras, C. A. and Dascalaki, E. and Argiriou, A. and Gaglia A. (1994) Energy consumption and the potential for energy conservation in school buildings in Hellas, Energy, 19(6), 653-660. doi:10.1016/0360-5442(94)90005-1
38. Santamouris, M. and Mihalakakou, G. and Patargias, P. and Gaitani, N. and Sfakianaki, K. and Papaglastra, M. and Pavlou, C. and Doukas, P. and Primikiri, E. and Geros, V. and Assimakopoulos, M. N. and Mitoula,R. and Zerefos, S. (2007) Using intelligent clustering techniques to classify the energy performance of school buildings, Energy and Buildings, 39(1), 45-51. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.04.018
39. Sleegers, P. and van den Berg, R. and Geijsel, F. (2000) Building innovative schools: the need for new approaches, Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(7), 801-808. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00026-3
40. Sohn, J. and Yang, W. and Kim, J. and Son, B. and Park, J. (2009) Indoor air quality investigation according to age of the school buildings in Korea, Journal of Environmental Management, 9(5), 348-354. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.10.003
41. Tippayawong, N. and Khuntong, P.and Nitatwichit, C. and Khunatorn, Y.and Tantakitti, C. (2009) Indoor/outdoor relationships of size-resolved particle concentrations in naturally ventilated school environments, Building and Environment, 44, 188-197. doi: http://dx. doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.02.007