BURSA İLİNİN SU VE ATIKSU POTANSİYELİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ

Abstract

Kentsel büyüme tatlısu kaynaklarına olan ihtiyacı artırmaktadır ve su kentler için dikkate değer bir öneme sahiptir. Hızlı büyüyen mega kentlerin pek çoğu kirlilik, ötrofikasyon, atıksu arıtımı eksikliği ve belki de en önemlisi temiz su eksikliği gibi ciddi su ile ilgili problemlerle karşı karşıyadır.   Dünyanın tüm kentsel kısımlarında su kaynakları verimsiz bir yolla kullanılmaktadır. Bursa,  içme suyu ve genel kullanım suyu temini açısından Türkiye’nin en zengin kentlerinden biridir. Tatlısu kaynaklarının dışında Bursa kenti termal su kaynakları açısından da zengindir. Bursa, su kaynakları ve atıksu arıtım faaliyetleri açısından çevreye duyarlı su yönetim sistemi ve ileri görüşlülüğü ile örnek bir şehirdir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde bulunan ve zengin su kaynakları ile önem arz eden bir metropolitan kent olan Bursa su tüketimi ve su kaynakları açısından değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışma kapsamında atıksu arıtım faaliyetleri de belirtilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Bursa’daki su kaynaklarının ve atıksu arıtım servislerinin geliştirilmesi ile ilgili çözüm önerileri verilmiştir.

Keywords

• Su yönetimi,Su kaynakları,Atıksu,Bursa

Assessment of Water and Wastewater Potential of Bursa City

Abstract

Urban growth is increasing the demand for freshwater resources and water is of significant importance for cities. Many fast growing megacities are facing serious water-related problems including pollution, eutrophication, missing wastewater treatment and perhaps most importantly, a severe scarcity of clean water. In the entire urban world, water resources are used in an inefficient way. Bursa is one of the wealthiest cities in terms of its supply of drinking and general purpose water in Turkey. Apart from rich freshwater resources Bursa has also thermal water springs. Bursa can be a sample city with its environmentally respectful water management system and foresighting in terms of water resources and wastewater treatment facilities.In this paper, Bursa a metropolitan city located in South Marmara Region of Turkey and which has come into prominence with wealthy water resources was evaluated in terms of water consumption and water resources. Several recommendations were scrutinised in order to protect current water capacity and proper usage of water for a planned and well-designed water management of the city. Wastewater treatment facilities were also stated within the frame of the paper. This paper concludes by suggesting ways of enhancing the resources of water and wastewater services in Bursa.

Keywords

• Water management,Water resources,Wastewater,Bursa

References

1. Akal Solmaz, S. K. Üstün, G. E. ve Fakı, A. (2003) Losses in drinking water distribution systems; example of Bursa, Turkey, Water Supply and Drainage for Buildings, Proceedings of 29th International Symposium, Ankara, 157-170.
2. Alcott, E., Ashton, M. ve Gentry, B. (2013) Natural and Engineered Solutions for Drinking Water Supplies: Lessons from the Northeastern United States and Directions for Global Watershed Management, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL
3. Ayaz, S. (2010) Preperation of Basin Protection Action Plan Project, Susurluk Basin Final Report, TÜBİTAK, Ankara.
4. Bartlett, S. (2003) Water, sanitation and urban children: the need to go beyond “improved” provision”, Environ. Urban., 15, 57–70, doi: 10.1177/095624780301500220
5. Bhatia, R. and Falkenmark, M. (1993) Water Resource Policies and the Urban Poor: Innovative Approaches and Policy Imperatives, Water and Sanitation Currents,World Bank, Washington, DC..
6. Brown, R.R., Keath, N. and Wong T.H.F. (2009) Urban water management in cities: historical, current and future regimes”, Water Sci. Technol., 59, 847–855, doi: 10.2166/wst.2009.029.
7. BUWSA (1992) Bursa Environmental Project, GAST 2, Drinking water and Sewerage Report.
8. Chau, K. (1993) Management of limited water resources in Hong Kong, Water Resour. Dev., 9, 65–73, doi: 10.1080/07900629308722574

9. CCIB (2003) Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Reports of Chamber of Commerce And Industry, Bursa, Türkiye.
10. Falkenmark, M. ve Widstrand, C. (1992) Population and water resources: a delicate balance, Popul. Bull., 47, 1–36.
11. GDSHW (1994) General Directorate of State Hydrolic Works, Master Plan of Bursa Water Supply Project and Feasibility Report of Nilüfer Dam, The Ministry of Public Works And Settlement, General Directorate of State Hydrolic Works, Bursa.
12. Goel R. S. and Patel V. B (2006) Measures for Water Conservation and Improvement in Water Quality, National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management, Nagpur, 11-12 Nov.
13. Howard, G.and Bartram, J. (2003) Domestic Water Quantity, Service, Level and Health, World Health Organization, Geneva,
14. MFWA (2008) The Ministry of Forestry And Water Affairs, Capacity Development Project for Water Industry in Turkey, Twinning project, Spain Business Visit, Debriefing of Turkish Committee, T.C. Ministry of Forestry And Water Affairs.
15. Mc Donald, R.I., Douglas, I., Grimm, N.B., Hale, R., Revenga, C., Gronwall, J.and Fekete, B. (2011) Implications of fast urban growth for freshwater provision, Ambio, 40, 437–447.
16. McDonald, R. I. Weber, K., Padowski, J., Flörke, M., Schneider, C., Green, P.A., Gleeson, T., Eckman, S., Lehner, B., Balk, D., Boucher, T., Grill, G. and Montgomery M. (2014) Water on an urban planet: Urbanization and the reach of urban water infrastructure, Global Environmental Change, 27, 96–105, doi: 10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.04.022
17. MSIT (2016) Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology of Turkey. https://osbbs.sanayi.gov.tr/default.aspx., 25.04.
18. OECD, Environmental Performance Review of Turkey, OECD, Paris.2008.
19. Posteli, S.L., Daily, G.C. and Ehrlich, P.R. (1996) Human appropriation of renewable fresh water, Science, 271, 785–788, doi: 10.1126/science.271.5250.785
20. RTMD (2001) Population, Demographic Structure, Migration Specialized Commission Report (in Turkish) RTMD: 2556-ÖİK:572, Ankara.
21. Sivanappa, R. K. (2006) Rain Water Harvesting, Conservation and Management Strategies for Urban and Rural Sectors, National Seminar on Rainwater Harvesting and Water Management, Nagpur, 11-12 Nov, doi: 10.13140/RG.2.1.4301.8326
22. TSI (2016) Population Statistics, Population of provinces by years, 2007-2015, Turkish Statistical Institute. http://www.turkstat.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1027, 03.05.2016
23. Yalılı, M. and Akal Solmaz, S.K. (2004) City of Bursa in the Historical Development Process of Water Supply Systems, Uludağ University Journal of The Faculty of Engineering, Cilt 9, No 1, 171-181, doi: 10.17482/uujfe.36891