BURSA’DA TRAFİĞİN YOĞUN OLDUĞU BİR BÖLGEDE PASİF HAVA ÖRNEKLEYİCİ KULLANARAK POLİKLORLU BİFENİLLERİN (PCB’lerin) KONSANTRASYONLARININ MEVSİMSEL OLARAK BELİRLENMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, trafiğin yoğun olduğu bir bölge olan Bursa Test ve Analiz Laboratuvarı’nda (BUTAL) Haziran 2008-Haziran 2009 tarihleri arasında pasif hava örnekleyici kullanılarak PUF Disk, XAD-2 Reçine ve Saf su medyalarında PCB’lerin konsantrasyon değerleri tespit edilmiştir.  Bu kapsamda bir yıl boyunca bir aylık örnekleme periyotlarında hava örnekleri toplanmıştır. Ortalama atmosferik Ʃ₆₁PCB konsantrasyonları PUF Disk, XAD-2 Reçine ve Saf su medyalarında sırasıyla 89±71, 56±92,  32±25 pg/m³ değerlerini almıştır. Ayrıca tüm medyalarda elde edilen PCB konsantrasyonlarının mevsimsel dağılımları yaz, sonbahar, kış ve ilkbahar mevsimlerinde sırasıyla, PUF Disk medyasında 146±93, 104±53, 40±19 ve 46, ±19 pg/m³,  XAD-2 reçine medyasında 118±147, 15±6, 13±5 ve 56±53 pg/m³ ve son olarak Saf Su medyasında 34±37, 36±25, 35±24 ve 39±28 pg/m³ olarak hesaplanmıştır. Tüm medyalarda 3- ve 4- klorobifeniller (CB’ler) baskın homolog grup olarak bulunmuştur.  Bu değerler daha önce benzer özelliğe sahip bölgelerde ve medyalarda yapılmış olan çalışmalarla benzerlik göstermektedir. 

Keywords

• yarı uçucu organik bileşikler,PCB,BUTAL

Seasonal determination of the concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) using a passive air sampler in a region where traffic is intense in Bursa

Abstract

In this study, the concentrations of PCBs were determined with PUF disk, XAD-2 Resin and Pure Water media using passive air sampler between June 2008 and June 2009 in the Bursa Test and Analysis Laboratory (BUTAL) which is an area with high traffic. The mean atmospheric Σ₆₁PCB concentrations were 89±71, 56±92, 32±25 pg / m³ in the PUF disk, XAD-2 Resin and Pure Water media, respectively. In addition, the seasonal distributions of PCB concentrations in all media for summer, autumn, winter and spring seasons calculated as in the PUF Disc media 146±93, 104±53, 40±19 and 46, ±19 pg/m³,    in the XAD-2 resin media 118±147, 15±6, 13±5 and 56±53 pg/m³ and finally in the Pure Water media 34±37, 36±25, 35±24 and 39±28 pg/m³, respectively. 3- and 4- chlorobiphenlys (CBs) was the dominant homolog group in all medias.  These values are similar to those previously reported in similar regions and in media.

Keywords

• semi-volatile organic compounds,PCB,BUTAL,passive air sampler

References

1. Aota, A., Date, Y., Terakado, S., Ohmura, N. (2015) Screening of polychlorinated biphenyls in ınsulating oil using a microfluidic based pretreatment and immunoassay, Analytical Chemistry Research, 3, 13-19. doi: 10.1016/j.ancr.2014.11.002
2. Aşkın,B., Kurt-Karakuş, P.B., Alegria, H., Güngörmüş, E., Çelik, H., Çiçek, T., Güven, E.C. (2017) Polyurethane foam (PUF) disk passive air samplers derived polychlorinated biphelys (PCBs) concentrations in the ambient air of Bursa-Turkey: Spatial and temporal variations and health risk assessment, Chemosphere, 168, 1345-1355. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.124
3. Batang, Z.B., Alikunhi, N., Gochfeld, M., Burger, J., Al-Jahdali, R., Al-Jahdali, H., Aziz, M.A.M., Al-Jebreen, D., Al-Suwailem, A. (2016) Congener-specific levels and patterns of polychlorinated biphenyls in edible fish tissue from the central Red Sea coast of Saudi Arabia, Science of The Total Environment, 572, 915-925. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.207
4. Bozlaker, A., Odabaşı, M., Müezzinoğlu, A. (2008) Dry deposition and soil-air gas exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in an industrial area, Environmental Pollution, 156, 784-793. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.06.008
5. Chalavi, V., Zareh, S. (2017) Genetic engineering of rose scented geranium wıth bacterial genes for phytoremedistion of polychlorinated biphenyld, Agricultural&Forestry, 63(1), 35-40. doi: 10.17707/AgricultForest.63.1.04.
6. Chen, L., Yang, Y., Chen, J., Gao, S., Qi, S., Sun, C., Shen, Z. (2017) Spatial-temporal variability and transportation mechanism of polychlorinated biphenyls in the Yangtze River Estuary, Science of the Total Environment, 598(2017), 12-20. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.069
7. Çetin, B., Yatkin, S., Bayram, A., Odabaşı, M. (2007) Ambient concentrations and source apportionment of PCBs and trace elements around an industrial area in İzmir, Turkey, Chemosphere, 69, 1267-1277. doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.05.064
8. Estoppey, N., Schopfer, A., Omlin, J., Esseiva, P., Vermeirssen, E.L.M., Delemont, O., Alencastro, L.F. (2014) Effect of water velocity on the uptake of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) by silicone rubber (SR) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) passive samplers: An assessment of the efficiency of performance reference compounds (PRCs) in river-like flow conditions, Science of the Total Environment, 499(2014), 319-326. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.047

9. Francisco, A.P., Nardocci, A.C., Tominaga, M.Y., Silva, C.R., Assunçao, J.V. (2017) Spatial and seasonal trends of polychlorinated dioxins, furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in air using passive and active samplers and inhalation risk assessment, Atmospheric Pollution Research, 8(2017), 979-987. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2017.03.007
10. Hogarh, J.N., Seike, N., Kobara, Y., Masunaga, S. (2013) Seasonal variation of atmospheric polychlorinated biphenyls and polychlorinated naphthalenes in Japan, Atmospheric Environment, 80, 275-280. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.07.076
11. Hong, Y., Chen, J., Zhang, F., Zhang, H., Xu, L., Yin, L., Chen, Y. (2015) Effects of urbanization on gaseous and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in a coastal city, China: levels, sources, and health risks, Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 2015(22), 14919-14931. doi:10.1007/s11356-015-4616-2
12. IARC (International Agency for Research on Cancer) (2015) Polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated biphenlys, http://monographs.iarc.fr/ENG/Monographs/vol107.
13. Kim, L., Jeon, J-W., Son, J.Y., Park, M-K., Kim, C-S., Jeon, H-J., Nam, T-H., Kim, K., Park, B-J., Choi, S-D., Lee, S-E. (2017) Monitoring and risk assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs) in agricultural soil from two ındustrialized areas, Environ Geochem Health, 39(2), 279-291. doi: 10.1007/s10653-017-9920-y
14. Kuzu, S.L., Saral, A., Güneş, G, Karadeniz, A. (2016) Evaluation of backround soil and air polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations on a hill at the outskirts of a metropolitan city, Chemosphere, 154, 79-89. doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.03.095
15. Odabaşı, M., Çetin, B., Demircioğlu, E., Sofuoğlu, A. (2008) Air-water exchange of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) at a coastal site in İzmir Bay, Turkey, Marine Chemistry, 109(1-2), 115-129. doi: 10.1016/j.marchem.2008.01.001
16. Raffetti, E., Speziani, F., Donato, F., Leonardi, L., Orizio, G., Scarcella, C., Apostoli, P., Magoni, M. (2017) Temporal trends of polychlorinated biphenyls serum levels in subjectsliving in a highly polluted area from 2003 to 2015: a follow-up study, International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(2017), 461-467. doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.01.002
17. Sakın, A.E. (2015) Bursa’da yarıkırsal bir bölgede poliklorlu bifenillerin (PCB’ler) farklı örnekleyiciler kullanılarak örneklenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, U.Ü. Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa.
18. Sakın, A.E., Esen, F., Taşdemir, Y. (2017) Effects of sampling interval on the passive air sampling of atmospheric PCBs levels, Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 52(7), 673-679. doi:10.1080/10934529.2017.1297148
19. Scinicariello, E., Buser, M.C. (2015) Polychlorinated biphenyls and leukocyte telomere length: an analysis of NHANES 1999–2002, EbioMedicine, 2, 1974-1979. doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.11.028
20. Shaban, Y.A., Sayed, M.E., Maradny, A.A.E., Farawati, R.K., Zobidi, M.I.A., Khan, S.U.M. (2016) Laboratory and pilot-plant scale hotocatalytic degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls in seawater using cm-n-tio2 nanoparticles, International Journal of Photoenergy, 2016, 1-7. doi:10.1155/2016/8471960
21. Taşdemir, Y., Esen, P. (2007) Urban air PAHs: concentrations, temporal changes and gas/particle partitioning at a trafficked site in Turkey, Atmospheric Research, 84, 1-12. doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.04.003
22. Tombesi, N., Pozo, K., Harner, T. (2014) Persistent organic pollutants (pops) in the atmosphere of agricultural and urban areas in the province of buenos aires in argentina using puf disk passive air samplers, Atmospheric Pollution Research, 5(2), 170-178. doi:10.5094/APR.2014.021
23. Zhang, L., Dong, L., Yang, W., Zhou, L., Shi, S., Zhang, X., Niu, S., Li, L., Wu, Z., Huang, Y. (2013) Passive air sampling of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in the Yangtze River Delta, China: concantrations, distributions, and cancer risk assessment, Environmental Pollution,181, 159-166. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2013.06.033
24. Ziegler, S., Schettgen, T., Beier, F., Wilop, S., Quinete, N., Esser, A., Masouleh, B.K., Ferreira, M.S.V., Vankann, L., Uciechowski, P., Rink, L., Kraus, T., Brümmendorf, T.H., Ziegler, P. (2017) Accelerated telomere shortening in peripheral blood lymphocytes after occupational polychlorinated biphenyls exposure, Archives of Toxicology, 91(1), 289-300. doi:10.1007/s00204-016-1725-8