Metasezgisel Yaklaşımlarla Eviricilerde Harmonik Eliminasyonu

Abstract

DC gerilimi AC gerilime dönüştüren eviriciler (invertörler), güç elektroniği alanında en çok kullanılan devre türlerinin başında gelmektedir. Anahtarlamalarla DC gerilimden AC gerilime dönüşüm esnasında, çıkış geriliminde harmonikler oluşmaktadır. Harmonikler ise enerji/güç sistemlerinde güç kalitesini belirleyen parametrelerin başında yer almaktadır. Dolayısıyla evirici devrelerinin çıkışındaki harmoniklerin elenmesi/bastırılması önem arz etmektedir. Bu eleme işleminde ise çok değişkenli karmaşık denklem sistemlerinin çözülmesi gerekmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada, seçilen harmonikleri elemek için en uygun anahtarlama açılarını, sekiz farklı metasezgisel algoritma/yaklaşım (geri izleme arama, guguk kuşu arama, elektromanyetik alan optimizasyonu, harmoni arama, Harris şahinleri optimizasyonu, dahili/iç arama, girdap arama, Yin-Yang-çifti optimizasyonu) ile hesaplayan yazılım geliştirilmiştir. Kullanıcı dostu arayüze sahip yazılım ile seçilen türdeki evirici devrelerinde, belirlenen harmonikler hızlı, kolay ve etkin bir şekilde elenebilmekte; sonuçlar hem sayısal hem de grafiksel olarak gözlenebilmektedir. 

Keywords

• Evirici,harmonik eliminasyon,metasezgisel algoritmalar

THE HARMONIC ELIMINATION IN INVERTERS WITH METAHEURISTIC APPROACHES

Abstract

Inverters which convert DC voltage into AC voltage are widely used in the field of power electronics. During the conversion from DC voltage to AC voltage, some of the harmonics can occur. Harmonics which are one of the most important parameters in the field of energy/power systems determine the power quality. Therefore, one of the crucial steps is the elimination/suppression of harmonics in the outputs of the inverters. It is required to solve complex equations with multiple variables in this elimination process. In this study, a software is developed and eight different metaheuristic algorithms/approaches (backtracking search, cuckoo search, electromagnetic field optimization, harmony search, Harris hawks optimization, interior search, vortex search, Yin-Yang-pair optimization) are used for the elimination of the chosen harmonics by determining suitable switching angles. The desired harmonics are eliminated in the chosen inverter circuits via the software with a user-friendly interface easily, fast and effectively, and the results can be observed both numerically and graphically through the this software.

Keywords

• Inverter,harmonic elimination,metaheuristic algorithms

References

1. Abedinpourshotorban, H., Shamsuddin, S.M., Beheshti, Z., Jawawi, D.N.A. (2016) Electromagnetic field optimization: A physics-inspired metaheuristic optimization algorithm, Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 26, 8-22. doi: 10.1016/j.swevo.2015.07.002.
2. Ahmadi, D., Zou, K., Li, C., Huang, Y., Wang, J. (2011) A universal selective harmonic elimination method for high-power inverters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 26 (10), 2743-2752. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2011.2116042.
3. Amjad, A.M., Salam, Z. (2014) A review of soft computing methods for harmonics elimination PWM for inverters in renewable energy conversion systems, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 33, 141-153. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.01.080.
4. Babu, T.S., Priya, K., Maheswaran, D., Kumar, K.S., Rajasekar, N. (2015) Selective voltage harmonic elimination in PWM inverter using bacterial foraging algorithm, Swarm and Evolutionary Computation, 20, 74-81. doi: 10.1016/j.swevo.2014.11.002.
5. Civicioglu, P. (2013) Backtracking search optimization algorithm for numerical optimization problems, Applied Mathematics and Computation, 219, 8121-8144. doi: 10.1016/j.amc.2013.02.017.
6. Dahidah, M.S.A., Agelidis, V.G. (2008) Selective harmonic elimination PWM control for cascaded multilevel voltage source converters: a generalized formula, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 23 (4), 1620-1630. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2008.925179.
7. Dahidah, M.S.A., Konstantinou, G., Agelidis, V.G. (2015) A review of multilevel selective harmonic elimination PWM: formulations, solving algorithm, implementation and applications, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 30 (8), 4091-4106. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2014.2355226.
8. Dogan, B., Olmez, T. (2015) A new metaheuristic for numerical function optimization: vortex search algorithm, Information Sciences, 293, 125-145. doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2014.08.053.

9. Gandomi, A.H. (2014) Interior search algorithm (ISA): A novel approach for global optimization, ISA transactions, 53(4), 1168-1183. doi: 10.1016/j.isatra.2014.03.018.
10. Geem, Z.Y., Kim, J.H., Loganathan, G.V. (2001) A new heuristic optimization algorithm: harmony search, Simulation, 76 (2), 60-68. doi: 10.1177/003754970107600201.
11. Gürdal, O. (2008) Güç elektroniği, Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
12. Heidari, A.A., Mirjalili, S., Faris, H., Aljarah, I., Mafarja, M., Chen, H. (2019) Harris hawks optimization: Algorithm and applications, Future Generation Computer Systems, 97, 849-872. doi: 10.1016/j.future.2019.02.028.
13. Kavousi, A., Vahidi, B., Salehi, R., Bakhshizadeh, M.K., Farokhnia, N., Fathi, S.H. (2012) Applicaion of the bee algorithm for selective harmonic elimination strategy in multilevel inverters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27 (4), 1689-1696. doi: 10.1109/TPEL.2011.2166124.
14. Liu, Y., Hong, H., Huang, A.Q. (2009) Real-time calculation of switching angles minimizing THD for multilevel inverters with step modulation, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 56 (2), 285-293. doi: 10.1109/TIE.2008.918461.
15. MathWorks (2019). MATLAB. https://www.mathworks.com/.
16. Patel, H.S., Hoft, R.G. (1973) Generalized techniques of harmonic elimination and voltage control in thyristor inverters: part I - harmonic elimination, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. IA-9 (3), 310-317. doi: 10.1109/TIA.1973.349908.
17. Punnathanam, V., Kotecha, P. (2016) Yin-Yang-pair Optimization: A novel lightweight optimization algorithm, Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, 54, 62-79. doi: 10.1016/j.engappai.2016.04.004.
18. Rashid, M.H. (2013) Power Electronics: Circuits, Devices & Applications, 4th ed., Pearson Education.
19. Yang, X.-S. (2009) Harmony search as a metaheuristic algorithm, in: Music-inspired harmony search algorithm: theory and applications (Ed. Geem), Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol. 191, Springer, Berlin.
20. Yang, X-S., Deb, S. (2009) Cuckoo search via Lévy flights, 2009 World Congress on Nature & Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC 2009), Coimbatore/India, 9-11 December. 210-214. doi: 10.1109/NABIC.2009.5393690.