Investigating Friction and Some Performance Characteristics of Double Face Sports Clothing Fabrics Made of Functional Materials

Abstract

In this study, results were put forward about friction, bursting strength, pilling and abrasion resistances of double-face fabrics made of wool, modified synthetic or regenerated cellulosic inner layers and synthetic outer layers knitted by a seamless knitting machine in false rib structure. Intended end use of the fabrics were sports clothing or inner layer of a protective clothing. Totally eighteen fabrics were produced by using wool, Themosoft®, Nilit Heat®, and Viloft® for inner sides and polyester (PET), polyamide (PA) and polypropylene (PA) for outer sides including the ones made of the same material. According to the results, although there is not a considerable pilling problem detected, pilling resistance of PA was higher. Higher abrasion resistances were obtained for fabrics including PP and PA (standard and Heat®). Minimum skin deformation as a result of friction tests are expected from fabrics having Viloft®, PP or Heat® inner surfaces. As a general look, fabrics having PP, Heat® or Viloft® inner surfaces and PA outer surfaces can be suggested for optimum performances.†

Keywords

• double-face fabric
• wool
• functional fibers
• seamless knitting
• friction
• performance

FONKSİYONEL HAMMADDELERDEN ÜRETİLEN ÇİFT YÜZLÜ SPORTİF GİYSİLİK KUMAŞLARIN SÜRTÜNME VE BAZI PERFORMANS ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, yün, modifiye sentetik ve rejenere selülozik liflerin iç yüzde, klasik sentetik liflerin dış yüzde kullanıldığı yalancı rib örgüye sahip kumaşlar dikişsiz örme makinasında kapsamlı bir hammadde planıyla üretilmiş, soğuktan koruyucu giysiler için kullanılabilecek kumaşların sürtünme, patlama mukavemeti, boncuklanma ve aşınma direnci özellikleri incelenmiştir. Tek hammaddeden kontrol amaçlı üretilenlerle birlikte Thermosoft®, Nilit Heat® Viloft® ve yün ipliklerin atlama formunda iç yüzde, üç temel sentetik lif olan poliester (PET), poliamid (PA) ve polipropilenin (PP) dış yüzde kullanımlarıyla toplam onsekiz yalancı rib örgülü kumaş üretilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre, kumaşlarda kayda değer boncuklanma problemi görülmezken, PA kumaşların direnci daha yüksektir. Aşınma sonucu en az kütle kaybı PA (standart ve Heat®) ve PP içerikli kumaşlarda, en yüksek patlama mukavemeti PET ve standart/modifiye PA içeren kumaşlarda gözlenmiştir. Sürtünme katsayısı değerlerine bağlı olarak vücuda temas halinde minimum deformasyon veren kumaşlar Viloft® Heat® ve PP iç yüze sahip olanlardır. Genel olarak PP, Viloft veya Heat® iç yüzeyin ve PA dış yüzeyin optimum performans için uygun olduğu belirtilebilir.

Keywords

• çift yüzlü kumaş
• yün
• fonksiyonel lif
• dikişsiz örme
• sürtünme
• performans

References

1. Akgünoğlu, B., (2018) Farklı Hammadde ve Bölgesel Örgülere Sahip Fonksiyonel Çorapların Konfor ve Performans Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Isparta.
2. Baussan, E., (2010) Tribological study and modeling of skin-sock contact application to running, Doctoral Thesis, Haute Alsace University, Mulhouse, France.
3. Baussan, E., Bueno, M, A,, Rossi, R, M, and Derler, S, (2010) Experiments and modelling of skin-knitted fabric friction, Wear, 268(9), 1103-1110,doi: 10,1016/j,wear,2010,01,010.
4. Baussan, E., Bueno, M, A., Rossi, R, M., & Derler, S., (2013) Analysis of current running sock structures with regard to blister prevention, Textile Research Journal, 83(8), 836-848, doi:10,1177/0040517512461698.
5. Becerir, B., Karaca, E., Ömeroglu, S., (2007) Assessing Colour Values of Polyester Fabrics Produced From Fibres Having Different Cross‐Sectional Shapes After Abrasion, Coloration Technology, 123(4), 252-259, doi:10,1111/j,1478-4408,2007,00092,x.
6. Bertaux, E., Derler, S., Rossi, R, M,, Zeng, X., Koehl, L., and Ventenat, V., (2010) Textile, Physiological and Sensorial Parameters in Sock Comfort, Textile Research Journal, 80 (17), 1803-1810, doi:10,1177/0040517510369409.
7. Chaudhari, S,S., Chitnis, R,S., Ramkrishan, R., (2004) Waterproof Breathable Active Sports Wear Fabrics, Man-Made Textile in India Journal, 5, 166-171, doi:10,1,1,528,1397.
8. Çavdaroğlu, P., (2013) Dikişsiz Yuvarlak Örme Makinelerinde Üretilen İçlik Kumaşların Konfor Özellikleri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.

9. D’Silva, A,P., Greenwood, C., Anand, S,C,, Holmes, D,H, ve Whatmough, N, (2000) Concurrent determination of absorbtion and wickability of fabrics: A new test method, Journal of the Textile Institute, 91,3, 383-396, doi:10,1080/00405000008659515.
10. Dirgar, E., (2017) The performance properties of the fabrics produced from cupro and some other regenerated cellulose fibers, Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, Vol: 27(2), pp: 139-144.
11. Dyck, W., (1993) A Review of footwear for cold/wet scenarios, part 2: socks, liners, and insoles (No, DREO-TN-93-28), Defence Research Establishment Ottawa (Ontario).
12. Emirhanova, N., & Kavusturan, Y., (2008) Effects of knit structure on the dimensional and physical properties of winter outerwear knitted fabrics, Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe,16(2), 67.
13. Erdumlu, N., and Özipek, B., (2008) Investigation of Regenerated Bamboo Fibre and Yarn Characteristics, Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe, Vol:16, No:4 (69), pp:43-47.
14. Gwosdow, A,R., Stevens, J,C., Berglund, L,G, and Stolwijk, J, A, J., (1986) Skin friction and fabric sensations in neutral and warm environments, Textile Research Journal, 56(9), 574- 580,doi:10,1177/004051758605600909.
15. Herring, K,M., and Richie Jr, D,H., (1990) Friction blisters and sock fiber composition, A double-blind study, Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association, 80(2), 63-71, doi:10,7547/87507315-80-2-63.
16. Hes, L., Oğlakcıoğlu, N., Marmaralı, A., Lima, M,F., (2008) The effect of moisture on friction cofficient of elastic knitted fabrics, Tekstil ve Konfeksiyon, 18(3), 206-210.
17. http://www,bamen,com,tr/production/list (Erişim Tarihi: 25.07.2020)
18. http://www,kelheim-fibres,com/home/index_de,php (Erişim Tarihi: 25.07.2020)
19. http://www,nilit,com/intl/tr/fibers/brands-nilit-heat,asp (Erişim Tarihi: 26.07.2020
20. https://www,technavio,com/report/global-sportech-textiles-market-industry-analysis (Erişim Tarihi: 28.08.2020)
21. Kaplan S., Akgünoğlu B., (2019) Pressure Comfort Characteristics Of Sports Socks Made Of Modified Synthetic Materials With Different Weaves, 47, Textile Research Symposium, Liberec, Çek Cumhuriyeti.
22. Keiser, C., Becker, C., & Rossi, R, M, (2008) Moisture transport and absorption in multilayer protective clothing fabrics, Textile Research Journal,78(7), 604-613, doi:10,1177/0040517507081309.
23. Kenins, P., (1994) Influence of Fiber Type and Moisture on Measured Fabric-to-Skin Friction, Textile Research Journal, Vol: 64(12), 722-728, doi:10,1177/004051759406401204.
24. Khoddami, A., Carr, C, M., & Gong, R, H., (2009) Effect of hollow polyester fibres on mechanical properties of knitted wool/polyester fabrics, Fibers and Polymers, 10(4), 452-460, doi:10,1007/s12221-009-0452-7.
25. Manshahia, M., Das, A, (2013) Comfort characteristics of knitted active sportswear, liquid water transportation, Research Journal of Textile and Apparel, 17(3), 38-49, doi:10,1108/RJTA-17-03-2013-B005.
26. Morgil, Y., (2015) Havlu Örme Çorapların Isıl Konfor Özellikleri, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
27. Öner, E, (2019) Mechanical and thermal properties of knitted fabrics produced from various fiber types, Fibers and Polymers, 20(11), 2416-2425, doi:10,1007/s12221-019-9119-1.
28. Özçelik, G, (2009) Kumaş Boncuklanma Özelliğinin Objektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi ve Tahminlenmesi Üzerine Bir Araştırma, Doktora Tezi, Ege Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İzmir.
29. Purane S,V., Panigrahi N,R., (2007) Microfibers microfilaments and their applications, Autex Research Journal, Vol:7, No:3, 148-158.
30. Saundri, S,M., Kavitha, S, (2015) Textiles in Sports, International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, Volume No 04, Special Issue No, 01.
31. Song, G., (Ed,) (2011) Improving comfort in clothing, Cambridge: The Textile Institute, CRC Press, Woodhead Publishing Limited,
32. Srinivasan, J., Ramakrishnan, G., Mukhopadhyay S, andManoharan, S, (2000) A study of knitted fabrics from polyester microdenier fibres, Journal of the Textile Institute, 98(1), 31- 35, doi:10,1533/joti,2005,0180.
33. Süpüren, G., Oğlakçıoğlu, N., Özdil, N., ve Marmaralı, A., (2011) Moisture management and thermal absorptivity properties of double-face knitted fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 81(13), 1320-1330, doi:10,1177/0040517511402122.
34. Van Amber, R, R., Lowe, B, J., Niven, B, E., Laing, R, M., Wilson, C, A., & Collie, S, (2015) The effect of fiber type, yarn structure and fabric structure on the frictional characteristics of sock fabrics, Textile Research Journal, 85(2), 115-127, doi:10,1177/0040517514530029.
35. Wardiningsih, W., (2009), Study Comfort Properties of Natural and Synthetic Knitted Fabrics in Different Blend Ratios for Winter Active Sportswear, M,Sc,Thesis, RMIT University, Melbourne.
36. Werd, M, B., & Knight, E, L., (2010) Athletic footwear and orthoses in sports medicine, P, R, Langer (Ed,), Springer, New York.