GRANÜLER TABAKALARIN FONKSİYONEL DERECELENDİRİLMESİ İLE ESNEK ÜSTYAPILARDA YORULMA VE TEKERLEK İZİNDE OTURMA DAYANIMININ ARTIRILMASI

Abstract

Trafik yükü ve çevresel etkiler altındaki karayolu esnek üst yapılarında meydana gelen temel iki bozulma tipi yorulma çatlakları ve tekerlek izinde oturmadır. Yağış sularının alt tabakalara nüfuz etmesi, agrega-bitüm adezyonun bozulması, yapısal göçmeler, tekerlek-kaplama temasının ve trafik güvenliğinin azalması bu bozulmaların olumsuz yönleri arasında sayılabilir. Bitüm veya karışım modifikasyonu ve yüzey tabakası gradasyonunun değiştirilmesi yorulma çatlakları ve tekerlek izinde oturma problemlerine karşı alınabilecek önlemler arasında sayılabilir. Bu çalışmada yolun hizmet ömrünün artırılması amacıyla lineer fonksiyonel derecelendirme uygulaması yapılmıştır. Granüler alttemel ve temel tabakalarının alt tabakalara bölünmesi ve belirli bir kurala göre rijitliklerinin değiştirilmesi esasına dayanan bu yaklaşımda yüzey tabakası-temel ve alttemel-taban zemini ara kesitlerinin güçlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Mekanistik-ampirik üst yapı dizaynı esas alınarak yapılan analizlerde Asfalt Enstitüsü yöntemine göre yolun yorulma ömrünün %62,3, sürekli deformasyon (tekerlek izinde oturma) ömrünün %36,4’e varan oranlarda arttığı belirlenmiştir. Fonksiyonel derecelendirme ile alt tabakalara ayrılan tabakanın ortalama rijitliğinin değişmiyor olması ve sağlanan iyileşmenin teorik olarak ek maliyet gerektirmemesi çalışmanın dikkat çekici bir diğer yönü olarak vurgulanabilir.

Keywords

• Yorulma
• Tekerlek izinde oturma
• Fonksiyonel derecelendirme
• Mekanistik-Ampirik Dizayn
• Kaplama ömrü

Increasing Fatigue and Rutting Resistance of Flexible Pavements by Functional Grading of Granular Layers

Abstract

The two basic types of distress that occur in highway flexible pavements under traffic load and environmental effects are fatigue cracks and rutting. The negative aspects of this distress are the penetration of rainwater into the sublayers, deterioration of aggregate-bitumen adhesion, structural failure, reduced wheel-pavement contact (hydroplaning), and reduced traffic safety. Bitumen or mixture modification and changing the surface layer gradation can be counted among the measures that can be taken against fatigue cracks and rutting problems. In this study, linear functional grading was applied to increase pavement life. In this approach, which is based on the principle of dividing granular subbase and base layers into sub-layers and changing their stiffness according to a certain rule, is aimed to strengthen the intersections of the surface-base and subbase-subgrade. In the analyzes made on the basis of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design, it was determined that the fatigue life increased by 62.3% and the rutting life increased by 36.4% in the calculations made according to the Asphalt Institute method. Another remarkable aspect of the study is that the average stiffness of the layer divided into sublayers by functional grading does not change and does not require additional cost in theory.

Keywords

• Fatigue
• Rutting
• Funtional grading
• Mechanistic-Empirical design
• Pavement life

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